End-Semester Examination

Subject Code: EE-221

Full marks: 30
Time: 24 hrs.
Q1. Fig. 1 represents the magnetic circuit of a primitive relay. The coil has 500 turns and the mean core
path is lc =360 mm. When the air gap lengths are 1.5 mm each, a flux density of 0.8 tesla is required to
actuate the relay. The core is cast steel.
(a) Find the current in the coil.
(b) Compute the values of permeability and relative permeability of the core.
(c) If the air gap is zero, find the current in the coil for the same flux density (0.8 T) in the core.

Fig. 1
Q2. Tests are performed on a single phase, 10 kVA, 2200/220 V, 60 Hz transformer and the following
results are obtained.

Open-Circuit Test Short-Circuit Test

(high-voltage side open) (low-voltage side shorted)

Voltmeter 220 V 150 V

Ammeter 2.5 A 4.55 A

Wattmeter 100 W 215 W

(a) Derive the parameters for the approximate equivalent circuits referred to the low-voltage side and
the high-voltage side.
(b) Express the excitation current as a percentage of the rated current.
(c) Determine the power factor for the no-load and short-circuit tests.
Also, determine the voltage regulation in percent for the following load conditions.
(a) 75% full load, 0.6 power factor lagging.
(b) 75% full load, 0.6 power factor leading.
(c) Draw the phasor diagram for conditions (a) and (b).
Q3. A single phase, 100 kVA, 2000=200 V two-winding transformer is connected as an autotransformer
as shown in Fig. 2 such that more than 2000 V is obtained at the secondary. The portion ab is the 200
V winding, and the portion bc is the 2000 V winding. Compute the kVA rating as an autotransformer.

Fig. 2
Q4. A four-pole dc machine has an armature of radius 12.5 cm and an effective length of 25 cm. The
poles cover 75% of the armature periphery. The armature winding consists of 33 coils, each coil having
seven turns. The coils are accommodated in 33 slots. The average flux density under each pole is 0.75T.
1. If the armature is lap-wound,
(a) Determine the armature constant Ka.
(b) Determine the induced armature voltage when the armature rotates at 1000 rpm.
(c) Determine the current in the coil and the electromagnetic torque developed when the armature
current is 400 A.
(d) Determine the power developed by the armature.
2. If the armature is wave-wound, repeat parts (a) to (d) above. The current rating of the coils remains
the same as in the lap-wound armature.

Q5. A 12 kW, 100 V, 1000 rpm dc shunt generator has armature resistance Ra =0.1 ohm, shunt field
winding resistance Rfw =80 ohm, and Nf =1200 turns per pole. The rated field current is 1 ampere. The
magnetization characteristic at 1000 rpm is shown in Fig. 3. The machine is operated as a separately
excited dc generator at 1000 rpm with rated field current.
(a) Neglect the armature reaction effect. Determine the terminal voltage at full load.
(b) Consider that armature reaction at full load is equivalent to 0.06 field amperes.
(i) Determine the full-load terminal voltage.
(ii) Determine the field current required to make the terminal voltage Vt =100 V at full load condition.
Fig. 3
Q6. The dc machine in Q5 is provided with a series winding so that it can operate as a compound dc
machine. The machine is required to provide a terminal voltage of 100 V at no load as well as at full
load (i.e., zero voltage regulation) by cumulatively compounding the generator. If the shunt field
winding has 1200 turns per pole, how many series turns per pole are required to obtain zero voltage
regulation? Assume a short-shunt connection, and that the series winding has a resistance Rsr =0.01
ohm.
Q7. The dc machine (12 kW, 100 V, 1000 rpm) of Q5 is connected to a 100 V dc supply and is operated
as a dc shunt motor. At no-load condition, the motor runs at 1000 rpm, and the armature takes 6 amperes.
(a) Find the value of the resistance of the shunt field control rheostat (Rfc).
(b) Find the rotational losses at 1000 rpm.
(c) Find the speed, electromagnetic torque, and efficiency of the motor when rated current flows in the
armature.
(i) Consider that the air gap flux remains the same as that at no load.
(ii) Consider that the air gap flux is reduced by 5% when rated current flows in the armature because
of armature reaction.
(d) Find the starting torque if the starting armature current is limited to 150% of its rated value.
(i) Neglect armature reaction.
(ii) Consider armature reaction, If(AR) =0.16 A.
Q8. The dc machine of Q5 runs at 1000 rpm at no load (Ia =6 A) and at 932 rpm at full load (Ia =120
A) when operated as a shunt motor.
(a) Determine the armature reaction effect at full load in ampere-turns of the shunt field winding.
(b) How many series field turns per pole should be added to make this machine into a cumulatively
compound motor (short-shunt) whose speed will be 800 rpm at full load? Neglect the resistance of the
series field winding.
(c) If the series field winding is connected for differential compounding, determine the speed of the
motor at full load.
Q9. A 220 V, 7 hp series motor is mechanically coupled to a fan and draws 25 amps and runs at 300
rpm when connected to a 220 V supply with no external resistance connected to the armature circuit
(i.e., Rae =0). The torque required by the fan is proportional to the square of the speed. Ra =0.6 ohm and
Rsr =0.4 ohm. Neglect armature reaction and rotational loss.
(a) Determine the power delivered to the fan and the torque developed by the machine.
(b) The speed is to be reduced to 200 rpm by inserting a resistance Rae in the armature circuit.
Determine the value of this resistance and the power delivered to the fan.
Q10. Write short notes on the following:
(i) What will happen if DC shunt motor is connected across AC supply?
(ii) What will happen if the back emf of a DC motor vanishes suddenly?
(iii) What will happen, with the increase in speed of a DC motor?
(iv) Which part will surely tell that given motor is DC motor and not an AC type?
(v) In DC motor, which of the following part can sustain the maximum temperature rise?
(vi) What is speed regulation?
(vii) Why series motor cannot be started on No-load?
(viii) Which type of motor is used in trains, what is the rating of supply used?
(ix) Explain different methods of speed control of dc shunt motors.
(x) What will happen if the direction of current at the terminals of a dc motor is reversed?