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Zonation of Landslide-Prone Using Microseismic Method and Slope

Analysis in Margoyoso, Magelang
To cite this article: Muchamad Reza Aditya et al 2018 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1011 012039

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The International Conference on Theoretical and Applied Physics IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 1011 (2018)
1234567890 ‘’“” 012039 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1011/1/012039

Zonation of Landslide-Prone Using Microseismic Method and

Slope Analysis in Margoyoso, Magelang

Muchamad Reza Aditya*1, Arriqo’ Fauqi Romadlon1, Reymon Agra Medika1, Yosua
Alfontius1, Zukhruf Delva Jannet1, Eddy Hartantyo1
1
Geophysics Study Program, Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural
Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract. Margoyoso Village, Salaman Sub-district, Magelang Regency, Central Java is one of
the villages that were included in landslide prone areas. The steep slopes and land use in this
village were quite apprehensive. There were fractures with 5 cm in width and a length of 50 m.
Moreover, these fractures appeared in the home residents. Although the local government has
established a disaster response organization, this village is still not getting adequate information
about the landslide prone areas. Based on the description before, we conducted research with
geophysical methods and geotechnical analysis to minimize the danger of landslides. The
geophysical method used in this research was microseismic method and geotechnical analysis.
The microseismic measurement and slope stability analysis at Margoyoso village was a step in
analysing the landslide-prone zone boundary. The results of this research indicated that landslide
potential areas had a low peak ground acceleration values with a range from 36 gal to 46 gal.
Measurement of slope stability indicated that a slope angle values between 55o-78o are a potential
landslide slope because the soil in this village has very loose properties so it is very easy to move.

1. Introduction
Landslide is one of the most often natural disasters that happen in Indonesia. Almost all regions in
Indonesia are risky from the landslide. According to Data dan Informasi Bencana Indonesia 2016-
Badan Nasional Penangulangan Bencana (Disaster Data and Information in Indonesia - National Board
for Disaster Management) Even until mid-2016, there have been 394 landslides that caused hundreds of
victims, dozens of missing people, and up to thousands of people displaced[1]. Therefore, the landslide
disaster must be taken seriously and society must be educated about prevention act so that nothing bad
happens.
Margoyoso Village, Salaman District, Magelang Regency, Central Java is one of the villages in
Indonesia which are included in landslide prone areas. Villagers have complained about lots of fractures
that appear in this village, even that fracture also appeared around the villager’s house with an average
fracture of 5 cm with a length up to 50 m and also appeared cracks in the wall of villager’s house. This
fracture is suspected as a result of land-use change due to the new buildings that not supported by proper
construction. Although the local government has established a disaster response organization such as
the Tanggap Ing Sasmito forum, this village is still not getting adequate information about landslide
prone areas.
Landslide disaster can occur because of many factors, such as geomorphology (slope, height, drainage,
etc), geological (soil type, fracture) and seismic activity (earthquakes)[2]. Landslides that caused by
earthquakes can increase the shear stress due to horizontal acceleration, or decrease in soil strength. [3].
A microseismic method for zonation landslide prone areas, from this method can be analyzed a

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The International Conference on Theoretical and Applied Physics IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 1011 (2018)
1234567890 ‘’“” 012039 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1011/1/012039

correlation between the thickness and type of the soft sediment cover [4]. In this case, the area with high
potential of landslide and low potential of landslide have different seismic vulnerabilities [5]. Slope
stability analysis is a geotechnical method that can measure soil safety factors caused by geological
aspects such as fractures, pores, and lithology.
By conducting this research, it is expected to provide information about landslide-prone zones so that it
has an impact on the reduction of potential victims and the loss of the community. This research is also
a contribution from the geosciences especially geophysics in its application to the environment.

2. Methods and Materials

This research area located in Margoyoso, Salaman sub-district, Magelang regency. The time of research
is about 2 weeks (April 30th - May 9th, 2017). The method used in this research is microcosmic method
and slope stability analysis. In general, the research flow diagrams were conducted as follows:

Figure 1. Research process flow diagram. This research was started with surveying of research location
and it was finished with data interpretation.

2.1. Microseismic Method

The method used in the study of landslide-prone zonation was microseismic. The microseismic device
can identify the vibration decay contained in the medium, along with the broadband seismometer
measuring in real time. The main sources of vibrations in microseismic method are ocean wave, traffic,
industrial and human activities[6]. Then, the ground movement can be recorded as a function of time in
local site[7]. Site response analysis is important in seismic hazard assessment in earthquake prone zones.
This research used H/V method, also called the Nakamura technique[8].

2.1.1. Instrumentation
In this study used seismometer Lennartz Electronic with brand LE-3Dlite. This instrument consists of
one seismometer unit, one Data Logger unit, also other accessories such as LAN cable and connecting
cable. This seismometer unit has an Eigen frequency 1 Hz and the acquired frequency limit is 100 Hz.
While data logger is an instrument that can record data within a certain time. This instrument converts
the analogue signal into a digital signal that can be processed by laptops. Other equipment required are
a 12 volt accumulator, gps handheld, and compass.

2.1.2. Acquisition
In this research, the microseismic method focused on horizontal to vertical spectral ratio (HVSR)
method. Ambient seismic noise is a natural vibration arising from nature or commonly referred to as
small vibrations of nature (microtremor). Spectral analysis was done to obtain domain frequency of
microtremor activity. In this analysis, we used fast fourier transform (FFT) with bandwidth frequency 1
Hz - 10 Hz to obtain natural frequency (f0) and natural amplification (A0) values from the research
area[9]. Nakamura[10] explains that the HVSR Method can compare the ratio of spectral amplitudes
between vertical and horizontal components. Mathematically, it can be expressed in the equation:

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The International Conference on Theoretical and Applied Physics IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 1011 (2018)
1234567890 ‘’“” 012039 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1011/1/012039

(1)
√𝐻𝐸𝑊 2 (𝑓) + 𝐻𝑁𝑆 2 (𝑓)
𝑅(𝑓) =
𝑉𝑈𝐷 (𝑓)
Which:
𝑅(𝑓) : HVSR spectrum ratio
𝐻𝐸𝑊 : Horizontal component spectrum (East-West)
𝐻𝑁𝑆 : Horizontal component spectrum (North-South
𝑉𝑈𝐷 : Vertical component spectrum

The HVSR method is used on a three-component passive seismic (microtremor). Microzonation can
predict the response and behaviour of the soil or sediment layer to external energy that affects the
surrounding soils. Microtremor used very small amplitude ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 μm and the period
between 0.1 seconds and 1.0 seconds[11].
Peak ground acceleration (PGA) is used to describe strong ground motion. PGA is a parameter that
represents the acceleration of earthquake vibration on the ground. The PGA value is not included in the
measurement of the energy of an earthquake[12].

2.2. Slope Analysis

Slope stability analysis is an important part to prevent the disturbances that potentially lead to disaster
that can endanger the surrounding community. The increased of pore pressure causes decreasing of
effective stress on the soil. Afterward, reducing soil shear strength and resulting slope failure[13].
According to Karnawati[14], there are several factors to control the occurrence of slope failure, slope
failure with movement of soil mass type has a slope for the range of 200 to 400.
The measurement method applied to soil slope analysis (homogeneous) generally is an analysis method
with slope angle. A slope will slide if the driving force is greater than its holding force[15].

3. Result and Discussion

3.1. Geological Study
The geological study shows that this area had steep slopes. Those slopes were worsened by poor land
use. Moreover, in area with steep slopes there were not planted by plants with strong roots so that
potentially occur landslides.

3.2. Microseismic Method Measurement

3.2.1. Natural Frequency (F0)

Natural frequency characterizes the ground surface character when subjected to external vibrations (such
as earthquakes). If the vibrations that hit it have a frequency greater than or equal to the natural frequency
then there will be a resonance which will result in the amplification of seismic waves in the area affected
by the vibration. The distribution of natural frequency values is shown in Figure 2A. The frequency of
the region with blue color will resonate with earthquake frequency and this area is dangerous.

3.2.2. Amplification (A0)

Amplification is defined as the magnitude of wave reinforcement that occurs in an area. Reinforcement
of this wave is proportional to the ratio of the horizontal spectrum and the vertical spectrum of a medium.
Soft sedimentary rocks are known to strengthen the movement of the soil during the earthquake and
therefore the average damage caused more severe than the hard layer[6]. The distribution of
amplification can be seen at Figure 2B. The area with high amplification value is dangerous, because in
that area can be earthquake wave strengthening.

3.2.3. Peak Ground Acceleration

The calculation of Peak Ground Acceleration with Kanai method used Yogyakarta earthquake 2006 (6.2
Richter Scale). When the PGA value is smaller, the potential for landslide disaster will be greater.

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The International Conference on Theoretical and Applied Physics IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 1011 (2018)
1234567890 ‘’“” 012039 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1011/1/012039

The observed earthquake should be noted the time range of the earthquake because the frequency of the
occurrence of an old earthquake can cause a large earthquake as well. In Figure 2C, the PGA values
with a range of 36-52 gal is low enough so that the area is prone to land movement.

Figure 2. The result of landslide-prone zonation using microseismic method and slope analysis in
Margoyoso, Magelang. A. Distribution map of natural frequency value (F0). The blue colour indicated
low natural frequency value. The read one indicated high natural frequency value. B. Distribution map
of amplification value. The violet colour indicated low amplification value. The light green colour
indicated high amplification value. C. Distribution map of PGA values. The black colour indicated low
PGA value. The white colour indicated high PGA value. D. Distribution map of slope measurement
point. The red circle indicated dangerous slopes. The white circle indicated safe slopes.

3.3. Slope Analysis

There were 22 observed slopes. 14 of 22 (63.63%) observed slopes have potential of landslides. The
distribution of slope stability analysis point was shown in Figure 2D. There are several areas that
vulnerable because the slope is unstable. The red circle indicated dangerous slopes. The white circle
indicated safe slopes.

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The International Conference on Theoretical and Applied Physics IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 1011 (2018)
1234567890 ‘’“” 012039 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1011/1/012039

4. Conclusion
Zonation of landslide-prone with microseismic method and analysis of slope stability in Margoyoso
Village, Salaman sub-district, Magelang had quite dangerous landslide potential. This research was a
step in analysing the limits of landslide prone zone based on predetermined parameters.
Based on the parameters that have been described in this study (natural frequency, amplification, peak
ground acceleration, and stability analysis of slope), it was found that the potential landslide area is in
the eastern and western of the research area that had a low peak ground acceleration value with a range
of 36-52 gal and slope failures.

5. References
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6. Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (Kemenristek
Dikti) for research funding, Geological Disaster Technology Development and Research Center
(BPPTKG) for permission of using seismometer, and also to Geophysics study program Universitas
Gadjah Mada for providing HSE equipments.