Complete Streets
Complete Streets
Complete Streets
Complete Streets
A Case Study
By Rebecca Rauf
Niehoff Studio: Winter 2010
What is a Complete Street?
What is a Complete Street?
• Safe, comfortable, and convenient for travel via auto, foot,
, , , ,
bicycle, and transit
• Policy ensures that the entire right of way is routinely
d i d d
designed and operated to enable safe access for all users
t dt bl f f ll
• Creates a complete network of roads
• Streets designed to fit into the context of the surrounding
Streets designed to fit into the context of the surrounding
neighborhood
• Combining social, economic, and environmental practices
together to create a cohesive unit.
• Low maintenance landscaping, raised medians, aesthetics
Complete Streets Presentation by APA
What is a Complete Street?
What is a Complete Street?
Nord Avenue, Chico, CA by Dan Burden
Sidewalks and Bike Lanes
Sidewalks and Bike Lanes
Nord Avenue, Chico, CA by Dan Burden
Convenient Street Parking
Convenient Street Parking
Nord Avenue, Chico, CA by Dan Burden
Trees and Landscaping
Trees and Landscaping
Nord Avenue, Chico, CA by Dan Burden
Safety Practices
Safety Practices
Nord Avenue, Chico, CA by Dan Burden
Businesses and Pedestrians
Businesses and Pedestrians
Nord Avenue, Chico, CA by Dan Burden
Complete Streets Movement
Complete Streets Movement
• Forty‐two jurisdictions nationwide adopted policies in 2008. In total, 120
jurisdictions have adopted policies or have made written commitment to do so.
http://www.completestreets.org/complete‐streets‐fundamentals/complete‐streets‐atlas/
Midwest Movement
Midwest Movement
http://www.completestreets.org/complete‐streets‐fundamentals/complete‐streets‐atlas/
Boulder, Colorado, Regional Map
Boulder, Colorado, Regional Map
www.googlemaps.com
Boulder Graph compared to US
Boulder Graph compared to US
National Research Center, Inc, 2007
Boulder’ss Phase Layout
Boulder Phase Layout
City of Boulder, Colorado
Boulder’s Transportation Master Plan Phases Multi‐Modal Corridor LSA
Bus System
Bus System
http://www.streetfilms.org/
• Green – multi‐use path
• Blue – designated bike route
• Red – on‐street bike lane
• Orange – paved shoulder
paved shoulder
• Purple – bike lane
City of Boulder, Colorado
28th Street Frontage Road
Transportation Connections Plan
• 28th Street is a major arterial road in Boulder that connects a nearby retail
district with several neighborhoods and serves as a gateway into the city as
district with several neighborhoods and serves as a gateway into the city as
well. After: Retaining wall & landscaping
Before : Future site of retaining wall &
landscaping
• Implemented:
– Street improvements
Street improvements
– Landscaping
– New crosswalks
– New bus stops
– New bus pull out lanes
– Street furniture
– Updated sidewalks
– Updated bike lanes
– Artistic design
– New signage
– New median Before : 28th Street & Arapahoe Avenue After: New bus stop
– R t i i
Retaining wallll
– Bring in new
businesses
City of Boulder, Colorado
Before: 28th Street north of Colorado Ave. After: 28th Street north of Colorado Ave.
Before: College Underpass After: College Underpass
City of Boulder, Colorado
• Blue – Designated existing bike routes
g g • Blue – Designated existing bike routes
g g
• Red – On street bike lane existing • Red – On street bike lane existing
• Purple – Sidewalk connection existing • Purple – Sidewalk connection existing
• Green – Multi‐use paths to be built
City of Boulder, Colorado
St. Louis, Missouri
St. Louis, Missouri
www.googlemaps.com
Great Street Initiative
Great Street Initiative
• Launched
Launched by the East
by the East‐West
West Gateway Council of
Gateway Council of
Governments in the city of St. Louis, Missouri in
2006.
• Goal:
– To trigger economic and social benefits by centering
communities around interesting, lively, and attractive
streets that serve all modes of transportation.
– To provide a
To provide a “digital
digital guidebook
guidebook” for other communities to
for other communities to
use to create their own Great Street Initiatives.
St. Louis Great Streets
Great Streets Principles
Great Streets Principles
• Great Streets are representative of their places. A Great Street reflects the neighborhood through which it passes and has a
scale and design appropriate to the character of the abutting properties and land uses.
scale and design appropriate to the character of the abutting properties and land uses.
• Great Streets allow people to walk comfortably and safely. The pedestrian environment on, along and near the street is
well‐designed and well‐furnished. The relationship between the street and its adjacent buildings is organic, conducive to
walking, and inviting to people.
• Great Streets contribute to the economic vitality of the city. Great Streets facilitate the interaction of people and the
promotion of commerce They serve as destinations not just transportation channels They are good commercial addresses
promotion of commerce. They serve as destinations, not just transportation channels. They are good commercial addresses
and provide location value to businesses that power the local economy.
• Great Streets are functionally complete. Great Streets support balanced mobility with appropriate provision for safe and
convenient travel by all of the ground transportation modes: transit, walking, bicycling, personal motor vehicles and freight
movement.
• Great Streets provide mobility Great Streets strike an appropriate balance among the three elements of modern mobility:
Great Streets provide mobility. Great Streets strike an appropriate balance among the three elements of modern mobility:
through travel, local circulation and access. The right balance varies with the function of the street and the character of its
neighborhoods and abutting properties.
• Great Streets facilitate place‐making. Great Streets incorporate within them places that are memorable and interesting.
These may include plazas, pocket parks, attractive intersections and corners, or simply wide sidewalks fostering an active
street life.
street life.
• Great Streets are green. Great Streets provide an attractive and refreshing environment by working with natural systems.
They incorporate environmentally sensitive design standards and green development techniques, including generous
provision of street trees and other plantings and application of modern storm water management practices.
East‐West Gateway
Great Street Lessons
Great Street Lessons
• Thinks of the street corridor as a unit – its design includes both the space and the walls.
• Great Streets can be major contributors to the public realm and high quality of life of
neighborhoods and districts
• The “Street Type needs to serve the Development Type”
• Spend your money on the verticals (trees, frontages) first
• The most critical livability measures (“buffering”) happens right at the street/building level
• Cities need to provide leadership on the vision for public realm design –
Citi dt id l d hi th i i f bli l d i i di id l
individual
stakeholders want to know how their efforts fit into an attractive “big picture”
Great Streets for the Region Presentation
Cross Section
Cross Section
Great Streets for the Region Presentation
Digital Guidebook
Digital Guidebook
• The Great Streets Initiative provides a
“di i l id b k” f
“digital guidebook” for communities to
ii
use as a reference or to jump start their
own initiative.
• It contains a number of different design
options for all types of neighborhoods:
– downtown main streets
– mixed‐use districts
– small town downtowns
– residential neighborhood office
employment areas
– commercial service corridors
Great Streets for the Region Presentation
Multi way Boulevard Arterial Design
Multi‐way Boulevard Arterial Design
• The design incorporates a buffer for pedestrians from vehicular activity and slows traffic speed by
parking areas.
ki
Great Streets for the Region Presentation
• Octavia Boulevard in
San Francisco
• Design with a buffer
for pedestrians.
Great Streets for the Region Presentation
Great Streets Initiative Strategies
Great Streets Initiative Strategies
• Ensure great street design is possible. Great street design includes recommendations such as narrower travel lanes (less than 12‐feet wide) and the
use of medians to help reduce travel speeds and improve safety. However, some communities have adopted street standards that make the
implementation of these elements difficult or impossible. At a minimum, street standards need to include the allowance of variances in appropriate
areas, such as great street thoroughfares. Ideally, municipalities should consider overlay districts or the adoption of new street standards that not
only allow but promote street design consistent with great streets.
• Involve all agencies early in the planning process. For every aspect of great street design, there is a department or agency responsible for it.
Therefore, a city hoping to make great streets happen, must include all the relevant stakeholders from the professional community. Environmental
impacts, traffic, architectural review, DOT, FHWA when appropriate, public works, public art, ACCESS MANAGEMENT are just examples of the many
entities that can help plan successfully for great streets.
ii h h l l f ll f
• Prioritize public involvement. Community members are the most meaningful advocates of great streets. When citizens are given the opportunity to
collaborate meaningfully in the development of a great street plan, not only does it build consensus but it results in a plan that meets the needs of
the community‐at‐large.
• Incentivize great streets. Many communities have prioritized desired development patterns by providing incentives. The incentive may target private
d l
development or for umbrella agencies, it may target member jurisdictions. Incentives for the private sector may include expedited review processes,
t f b ll i it t t b j i di ti I ti f th i t t i l d dit d i
tax incentives or complementary public investments. Incentives for jurisdictions may include matching funds or prioritized funding for qualifying
projects.
• Plan and coordinate improvements with neighboring agencies. Thoroughfares that are good candidates for great street improvements may cross
jurisdictions. To avoid piecemeal implementation of great streets, communities should collaborate with neighboring communities and the MPO to
ensure sensible planning design and implementation
ensure sensible planning, design, and implementation.
• Create overlay districts. Overlay districts are special zoning districts that may be applied 'on top' or in addition to existing zoning. Overlay districts
vary in size and may incorporate a thoroughfare, a commercial center or a neighborhood. The point of overlay districts to make possible a special set
of regulations and standards that encourage development whose size, scale, mass, architectural design, among other qualities, respects the existing
or desired character of the district. Overlay zoning districts typically supersede or supplement the regulations of the base zoning districts. Local
governments can create overlay districts with special standards that not only allow, but encourage planning and design consistent with the
recommendations for great streets.
recommendations for great streets.
East‐West Gateway