The Design and Development of A Dual Fuel Burner
The Design and Development of A Dual Fuel Burner
The Design and Development of A Dual Fuel Burner
ISSN: 2458-9403
Vol. 6 Issue 3, March - 2019
Abstract—This project work is based on a dual domestic appliance operate on the principles of
fuel burner that uses both pulverized coal and Bunsen burner. Researchers like Michelson Mache,
butane gas as sources of fuel. The burner is Smith and Pickhending contributed to a great deal to
unique and certainly of great importance to the the construction and modification of burners after
development of the nation was designed and Guoy in 1879 made his significant improvement on
constructed to use a mixture of pulverized coal the Bunsen experiment (2). In recent times, there have
and gas. The working principle, the operations been significant developments in burner design to
and the heat transfer process of the burner enhance faster and more economical conversion of
system were dealt with in details. The various fuel into heat. Burners are fuel burning devices from
analysis governing the design were made and the which hot flames emit. They are therefore, the core
calculations of the design, such as mass flow component of any combustion process (2). The
rates of the fuels, the burner power, the primary purpose of the burner is to mix and direct the
determination of impeller assembly and the flow of fuel and air, so as to ensure rapid ignition,
stresses induced on the cylinders were made. continuous and complete combustion. In dual fuel
The functionality of the burner was established burner, which uses a mixture of pulverized-coal and
by using Aluminum, Lead and Copper to carry gas, a part (15 to 25 percent) of the air called primary
out the required test. The test carried out with the air is initially mixed with the fuel to obtain rapid
fuel mixture of pulverized coal and gas, using a ignition and to act as a conveyor for the fuel. The
medium size kiln as the furnace chamber, remaining portion or secondary air is introduced
showed that Lead with a temperature of 3270C, through the air register doors. The dual fuel burner is
had a melting time of one (1) second. Aluminum designed to fire coal and can be equipped to fire any
with a temperature of 6600C was eight (8) combination of the three principal fuels, if proper
seconds and copper with a temperature of 10830C precautions are taken to prevent coke formation on
was twelve (12) seconds, indicating that the the coal element, when gas and coal are been
burner is effective in operation using the fuel burnt(3). Nowadays, burners have a very wide range
mixture. It was observed during the course of the of application both in our homes and in the industries.
test, that the melting time is a function of the Based on its wide range of application, it can be used
intensity of the flame, that is the greater the in household appliances for cooking (e.g. as
intensity of the flame, the lower the melting time kerosene stoves, baking oven, gas cooker etc.). And
(i.e.) a reduction in the melting time of the in the industries also, were they are used in furnaces,
material employed. drying ovens (e.g. dryer), ovens, kiln, power plant,
heat treatment processes and welding torch. With the
Keywords—Pulverized Coal, Butane Gas, invention of burners, factors like rate of combustion,
Mass Flow rates, Melting time, Burner Power, rapid and uniform mixture of fuel and air intake, for
Impeller, Kiln the purpose of obtaining immediate combustion and
also high flame temperature are put under control(2).
In order to discourage the importation of burners with
1. INTRODUCTION very huge amount of money, there is a need to
The utilization of heat for domestic and industrial produce them locally, so as to conserve the country
heating purposes, such as cooking, warming and foreign exchange earnings. This local production will
furnace services etc dates back to antiquity, when also help the country to attain a greater height
man learnt how to use solid fuel, such as wood and technologically.
coal to generate heat(1). The invention of burners from
literatures was observed to have started in the year 1.2 TYPES OF BURNERS
1805. This was when the English gas burners Burners can be of various shape and size depending
originally made for laboratory purpose was invented. on their structural characteristics, but as far as their
It was also observed from literatures that, the operation is concerned, they appeared in three
contemporary gas burners, such as the Bunsen forms. (8).
burner (which was made by Robert Wilhelm Burner) 1. Solid -fuel burners
and the gas lighting burner were both made in 2. Liquid-fuel burners
Heidelberg, Germany in 1855. The burners used in 3. Gas burners
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ISSN: 2458-9403
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Since the burner is to be suspended at a minimum An effective electric motor is needed to run this
height 'h'. By implication, the fuel is suspended at impeller effectively. This motor should be able to
that same minimum height 'h' and applying the law of deliver the appropriate power input to the impeller.
conservation of energy, the potential energy P.E. of a
unit fuel will be equal to the kinetic energy of the fuel, 2.3.5 STRESSES INDUCED IN PRESSURE
when it discharges to the nozzle at height (h), thus: VESSELS (CYLINDERS)
Pressure vessels (cylinders) are used to store and
K.E = P.E transport fluid, gases under pressure and can be
MV2/2 = Mgh classified according to their dimension as thick or thin
shell vessels and their end construction as open or
For unit mass, close ends. The deciding factor for the formal
V2/2 =gh classification is the ratio of wall thickness (t) to the
V = √2gh ……………………… (4) diameter (d), if the ratio t/d is less than 1/10 then it's
called a thin shell vessel and if this ratio is greater
than 1/10 it's called a thick shell vessel. When a
This is the velocity at which fuel flow to the nozzle. In cylinder is subjected to a very high internal fluid
the nozzle, the law of conservation of mass requires pressure, the walls of the cylinder must be extremely
that for steady flow, the same mass flow rates exists heavy or thick.
at every section. From lame’s equation,
P (do2 + di2 )
dt (max) = …………………….(8)
Therefore: M = P1A1U = P2A2U2 do2 − di2
Where, P = internal pressure
Substituting equation (4) into equation (3) yields: do = outer diameter
di = internal diameter
dt = tangential stress
M =PfAf √2gh ………………………….. (5)
Similarly, we have radial stress, (dr), given by,
Where, Pf = Density of the fuel dr(max) = - P ……………………………(9)
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ISSN: 2458-9403
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JMESTN42352834 9590
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