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Strength of Materials-I: Mirpur University of Science and Technology (Must), Mirpur, Ajk

The document is a lecture on fundamentals of stress, strain, and axial loadings. It discusses the general 3D state of stress at a point using a cube to represent stress distributions on three mutually perpendicular planes. It defines two-dimensional or plane stress assumptions and shear stress. Shear stress is defined as the force per unit area parallel to the shear cut. Pure shear is described as a state where the only non-zero stresses are the shear stresses, which are equal in magnitude. The document provides examples of shear stress and strain and concludes with practice problems and a worksheet for students.

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ata subhani
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42 views

Strength of Materials-I: Mirpur University of Science and Technology (Must), Mirpur, Ajk

The document is a lecture on fundamentals of stress, strain, and axial loadings. It discusses the general 3D state of stress at a point using a cube to represent stress distributions on three mutually perpendicular planes. It defines two-dimensional or plane stress assumptions and shear stress. Shear stress is defined as the force per unit area parallel to the shear cut. Pure shear is described as a state where the only non-zero stresses are the shear stresses, which are equal in magnitude. The document provides examples of shear stress and strain and concludes with practice problems and a worksheet for students.

Uploaded by

ata subhani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MIRPUR UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY (MUST), MIRPUR , AJK

Strength of Materials-I
CIV-2338

Week 4

Module [03]

Fundamentals of Stress, Strain and Axial loadings (continued)

Dr. Babar Nasim Khan Raja


Department of Civil Engineering
Learning Outcomes

• Define the state of stress for at a point in three


dimensions (3D)
• Define the sign convention for the state of stress at a point
in 3D
• Define Two-Dimensional (2D) or Plane Stress
• Define/Discuss Shear Stress
• Define/Discuss 2D Pure Shear
• Problems Solution

SOM-1 2
General 3D State of Stress at a Point
Arbitrarily Loaded Member

• For more complicated structural members , the


stress distributions may not be uniform on
arbitrary planes
• For an infinitesimally small point, the stress
distribution approaches uniformity
• An infinite number or planes can be passed
through each point.
• But, it can be shown that three mutually
perpendicular planes is sufficient to completely
describe the state of stress at any point for any
orientation. (Hence we will use a cube to
represent the state of stress at a point.)

SOM-1 3
3D State of Stress at a Point

(shown in positive sign convention)


SOM-1 4
3D State of Stress at a Point

• Stress is a tensor
• A tensor represents a physical/geometric
property/quantity by a mathematical
idealization of an array of numbers

SOM-1 5
3D State of Stress at a Point

By equilibrium:

d + ෍ 𝑀𝑍

𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
Z 𝜎𝑌 𝐴
2
− 𝜎𝑌 𝐴
2
− 𝜎𝑥 𝐴
2
+ 𝜎𝑥 𝐴
2
+ 𝜏𝑥𝑦 𝐴 𝑑 − 𝜏𝑦𝑥 𝐴 𝑑= 0
d

d 𝜏𝑥𝑦 = 𝜏𝑦𝑥

SOM-1 6
3D State of Stress at a Point

SOM-1 7
2D State of Stress at a Point

For Two-Dimensional (2D) or Plane


Stress, all out of plane stresses are zero

SOM-1 8
2D State of Stress at a Point

All real world stress situations are


three dimensional, but the plane
stress assumption can simplify the
analysis without significantly
affecting the results. A common
example when plane stress might
be used is the analysis of thin
plates such as the skin panels on
aircraft wings.
SOM-1 9
Shear Stress/ 2D Pure Shear

Stresses

Internal Evaluate
Engineering External
Forces and Structural
Structures Forces
Moments Performance

Strains

SOM-1 10
Shear Stress/ 2D Pure Shear

Bolt failure under single shear

Shear Stress:
Force per unit area parallel to the shear cut

𝑉
𝜏=
𝐴
SOM-1 11
Shear Stress/ 2D Pure Shear

2D Pure Shear

𝜏𝑥𝑦 = 𝜏𝑦𝑥 = 𝜏

SOM-1 12
Shear Strain

Change in the angle between perpendicular


reference axes; Angular Distortion (Shear
Distortion)

Sign conventions:
Positive shear stresses cause positive shear
strain and negative shear stresses cause
negative shear strain

A shear stress acting on a positive face of an element is positive if it


acts in the positive direction of one of the coordinate axes and
negative if it acts in the negative direction of an axis. A shear stress
acting on a negative face of an element is positive if it acts in the
negative direction of an axis and negative if it acts in a positive
direction.
SOM-1 13
Problems Solution

SOM-1 14
Problems Solution

SOM-1 15
Problems Solution

SOM-1 16
Problems Solution

SOM-1 17
Problems Solution

SOM-1 18
Problems Solution

SOM-1 19
Problems Solution

SOM-1 20
Worksheet

SOM-1 21
Worksheet

SOM-1 22
Worksheet

SOM-1 23
Worksheet

SOM-1 24
THANKS

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