UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS

FACULTY OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

TECHNOLOGY

RK 28 BIOPROCESS ENGINEERING
2020/2021

ERT 428 BIOPROCESS PLANT DESIGN 2

INTERIM REPORT 1

PRODUCTION OF ASPARTIC ACID

GROUP 8

CRYSTALLIZER

NAME MATRIC NUMBER

YOGARANI A/P JANTHIRA SEKARAN 171143125

SUPERVISOR: DR. WAN KHAIRUNNISA BINTI WAN RAMLI

DATE OF SUBMISSION: 28th MAY 2021
 12 CRYSTALLIZER (D-100)

12.1 BRIEF DESCRIPTION

Crystallizers are used in industry to achieve liquid-solid separation. They are an

important piece of chemical processing equipment because they are capable of generating
high purity products with a relatively low energy input. In evaporative crystallization, the
solution containing the solvent and the soluble component to be crystallized is heated until
the solvent evaporates. The evaporation of the solvent causes the molecules of the soluble
compound to separate out as crystals due to the higher concentration exceeding the chemical
compound’s solubility

 However, they operate over only a narrow range of conditions, so more process
knowledge is generally required to make sure they produce the required product
specification. In evaporative crystallization, the crystallization is resulting from the
evaporation of the solvent. So, this process creates a vapor and a suspension of crystals in
mother liquor. The heat of evaporation that has been added is in principle captured in the
vapor stream.

In this report, aspartic acid from the precipitation tank; the previous equipment will enter
the crystallizer before the pure aspartic acid crystals are obtained as product. 1.5225 kmol/hr
of aspartic acid will enter crystallizer at 60°C and 2 bars. 0.001675 kmol/hr of water will be
removed and 1.5208 kmol/hr of aspartic acid crystals will be obtained as product. Figure 12.1
shows the industrial precipitation tank.
 Figure 12.1: Industrial Crystallizer

12.2 Material Balance

1.5225 kmol/hr 1.5208 kmol/hr

CRYSTALLIZER Aspartic Acid Crystals
Aspartic Acid
T = 60 °C
P = 2 bar

0.001675 kmol/hr

Water

Input: 1.5225 kmol/hr Aspartic Acid

Output: 1.5208 kmol/hr Aspartic Acid Crystals + 0.001675 kmol/hr Water

 12.3 Design Calculation of Evaporative Crystallizer

Mass Flow Rate:

1.5225 kmol 133.11 kg 202.66 kg

× =
hr kmol hr

Density, ρ 1700 kg/m3

Viscosity, μ 0.0246 kg/ms
Mass Flowrate, ṁ 202.66 kg/hr

Assumptions:

 The crystal size required 90% plus 65T mesh.

 A forced-circulation crystallizer operating at 1 h retention will make this sized
product.
 The heat coefficient = 4088 kJ/m3h°C

Working Volume:

202.66 kg 1 m3
= × × 1hr = 0.1192 m3
hr 1700 kg

Mass of Fluid:

202.66 kg kg
¿ × 1 hr= 202.66
hr s

Specific Volume:

Volume
Specific Volume =
Mass

0.1192 m3 m3
= = 5.8818 × 10-4
202.66 kg kg
Maximum Vapor Velocity (Vmax):

 The max velocity of the vapor leaving a free-liquid surface from which liquid
particles may be entrained by the force balance (in connection with distillation
columns and mesh separators).
Dl−Dg 12
𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝐶𝑣( )
Dg
 The constant, C, depends on loading, pressure and allowable entrainment.
 For the vapor heads, a conservative value of 0.0244 m/s is recommended.
 For the mesh separators, this value may be increased to the range 0.0305 –
0.0610 m/s.
 Since Dg = 1/specific volume and Dg is negligible compared with Dl for the
liquid.
m3
 Specific volume = 18.48
kg
1
m
𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.0244 ( Dl × specific volume) 2
s
m m3 12
s (
= 0.0244 [ ( 1.34 ) ( 1000 ) 18.48
kg )
]

m
= 3.8397
s

Minimum Cross-Sectional Area Required:

kg m3
(202.66 )(18.48 )
hr kg
Arequired =
s m
(3600 )(3.8397 )
h s
= 0.2709 m2

A 0.2709m 2
r=
√ √ π
=
π
= 0.2936 m

Crystallizer Volume:
 Diameter

2 (radius) = 2 (0.2936 m)

= 0.5872 m

Height

4 (Diameter) = 4 ( 0.5872 m)
= 2.3488 m

1
Cone Volume = πr2h
3
1
= π (0.2936 m)2(2.3488 m)
3
= 0.2120 m3

π
Straight side volume = (Diameter)2 (Height)
4
π
= (0.5872 m)2 (2.3488 m)
4
= 0.6361 m3

Total Volume = 0.2120 m3 + 0.6361 m3

= 0.8481 m3

Heat Transfer Area Required:

Heat Required from Steam

kcal kJ
Heatrequired = (31107.31 ) (4.184 )
h h
kJ
= 130152.985
h
Steam Flow

kJ
Latent heat of vaporization of steam at atmospheric pressure = 2257
kg

kJ
130152.985
h
Steam flow =
kJ
(2257 )(0.95)
kg
kg
= 60.7014
h

Heating Surface:

kJ
Assumption: Coefficient = 4088 2
m h°C

kJ
130152.985
h
Heating Surface =
kJ
(4088 2
)(25° C)
m h° C

= 1.2735 m2

Circulation Rate:

kJ
130152.985
h
Circulation rate =
kJ kg
(
( 1.5° C ) 2.59
kg ° C )
(1170 3 )
m
m3
= 28.6337
h

Vapor Pipe and Condenser Design:

Assumption:
 m
 Vapour pipe velocity of 46 at atmospheric pressure
s

kg m3
Arequired =
(198.5893
h )
(18.48 )
kg
s m
(3600 )(46 )
h s
= 0.0222 m2

0.0222( 4)
Diameter =
√ π
= 0.1681 m
kg kJ
Condenser water flow =
( 198.5893 )(2402 )
h kg
kJ
(100)(2.59 ) ( 8° C )
kg ° C

kg m3
= (230.2174 )(0.0010 )
h h

m3
= 0.2302
h

Additional Data

Turbine Diameter and Width:

1
Diameter = (D )
3 t
1
= ( 0.2047 )=0.0682 m
3

Width = 0.25 ( Dt )
= 0.25 (0.2047) = 0.0512 m
 Aspartic Acid Water

2.3488 m

Aspartic Acid
Crystals

0.5872 m
Figure 12.2: Design of Crystallizer

Water

Maleic Acid
 Aspartic Acid

Aspartic Acid
Crystals

Figure 12.3: Flow of Fluid into Evaporative Crystallizer

12.4 Purchased Cost of Crystallizer (D-100)

 Figure 12.4: The Purchased cost of crystallizer

The working capacity of the crystallizer is 202.66 kg/hr which is 0.22339441 ton/hr. So, we
take 1.0 tons/hr; the minimum capacity under the cooling or evaporative crystallizer. Based
on graph Figure 12.4, the estimated purchased cost of precipitation tank is $48000.

Previously estimated Cost: RM 81400

Newly Calculated Cost: RM 198696.00
Thus, the budget of crystallizer needs to be increased by RM 117296.
12.5 Specification sheet for Crystallizer
Project Name: Production of
CRYSTALLIZER Aspartic Acid
Project Number: Sheet 1 of 1

REV DATE BY APVD

Owner’s Name YOGARANI A/P JANTHIRA SEKARAN

Plant Location DOWNSTREAM PROCESS SITE
Description CRYSTALLIZE ASPARTIC ACID
Equipment label D-100
Plant Section DOWNSTREAM PROCESS SITE
Process Service DRY ASPARTIC ACID
Design Code CRYSTALLIZE ASPARTIC ACID
PROCESS CONDITION
Temperature °C 60
Pressure bar 2
Type of Crystallizer Evaporative
ENERGY VALUES
Heat Capacity kJ/kg°C 2.59
Humidity g/kg 0.0034
Overall heat Transfer kJ/s 2.8949
SIZE AND DESIGN
Volume m3 0.8481
Diameter m 0.5872
Length m 2.3488
CONSTRUCTION AND MATERIAL
Material Construct Stainless Steel
COSTING
Precipitation Tank cost RM RM 198696.00

REFERENCES
A Clearer View Of Crystallizers - Chemical Engineering. (n.d.). Retrieved May 28, 2021, from
https://www.chemengonline.com/a-clearer-view-of-crystallizers/?printmode=1

APPENDIX 1 EQUIPMENT COST ESTIMATES. (n.d.).

CRYSTALLIZER DESIGN AND OPERATION 11. (n.d.).

Hallas, N. J. (2008). CRYSTALLIZERS. In A-to-Z Guide to Thermodynamics, Heat and Mass

Transfer, and Fluids Engineering. Begellhouse. https://doi.org/10.1615/atoz.c.crystallizers

Visual Encyclopedia of Chemical Engineering. (n.d.). Retrieved May 28, 2021, from
https://encyclopedia.che.engin.umich.edu/Pages/SeparationsChemical/Crystallizers/Crystallizers
.html