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A Note On Generalized Tribonacci Sequence

This document discusses properties of the generalized Tribonacci sequence. It presents a theorem that the limit of the ratio of terms Sn+j and Sn approaches τj as n approaches infinity, where τ is the Tribonacci constant. It proves this theorem and presents a corollary that the limit of the ratio of Sn+1 and Sn is simply τ. In conclusion, the generalized Tribonacci sequence exhibits the same property as the regular Tribonacci sequence in this limit.

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90 views4 pages

A Note On Generalized Tribonacci Sequence

This document discusses properties of the generalized Tribonacci sequence. It presents a theorem that the limit of the ratio of terms Sn+j and Sn approaches τj as n approaches infinity, where τ is the Tribonacci constant. It proves this theorem and presents a corollary that the limit of the ratio of Sn+1 and Sn is simply τ. In conclusion, the generalized Tribonacci sequence exhibits the same property as the regular Tribonacci sequence in this limit.

Uploaded by

PaolaPolicarpio
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A note on generalized Tribonacci sequence

ARTICLE · APRIL 2015

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1 AUTHOR:

Aldous Cesar Bueno


Philippine Science High School-Central Luz…
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Available from: Aldous Cesar Bueno


Retrieved on: 25 September 2015
Notes on Number Theory and Discrete Mathematics
ISSN 1310–5132
Vol. 21, 2015, No. 1, 67–69

A note on generalized Tribonacci sequence


Aldous Cesar F. Bueno
Department of Mathematics and Physics, Central Luzon State University
Science City of Muñoz 3120, Nueva Ecija, Philippines
e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract: In this study, we provide a property of the generalized Tribonacci sequence through
limits.
Keywords: Tribonacci sequence, Generalized Tribonacci sequence, Tribonacci constant.
AMS Classification: 11B39.

1 Introduction
The Tribonacci sequence {Tk }+∞
k=0 satisfy the recurrence relation

Tn = Tn−1 + Tn−2 + Tn−3 ,

having the initial values T0 = 0, T1 = 0 and T2 = 1. Furthermore, its Binet’s formula is given by
τ n+1 σ n+1 ρn+1
Tn = + + ,
(τ − σ)(τ − ρ) (σ − τ )(σ − ρ) (ρ − τ )(ρ − σ)

where τ , σ and ρ are the roots of x3 − x2 − x − 1 = 0. These roots have the following properties:
σn
lim = 0,
n→+∞ τ n

ρn
lim = 0,
n→+∞ τ n

and due to these we have,


Tn+1
lim = τ.
n→+∞ Tn

Actually, the root τ is called the Tribonacci constant and its explicit form is
p
3
√ p
3
√
1 + 19 + 3 33 + 19 − 3 33
τ= .
3
67
On the other hand, the generalized Tribonacci sequence denoted by {Sk }+∞
k=0 satisfy the recur-
rence relation

Sn = Sn−1 + Sn−2 + Sn−3 ,

where the initial values S1 , S2 and S3 are arbitrary but are not simultaneously zero.
Natividad and Policarpio [1] provided a formula for finding its n-th term and it is given by

Sn = Tn−2 S1 + (Tn−2 + Tn−3 )S2 + Tn−1 S3 .

Our goal in this study is to investigate the generalized Tribonacci sequence through limits
specifically, where we will be dealing on the limit given by
Sn+j
lim ,
n→+∞ Sn

where j is a positive integer.

2 Main results
Theorem.
Sn+j
lim = τ j.
n→+∞ Sn

Proof:
Sn+j
lim
n→+∞ Sn
Tn+j−2 S1 + (Tn+j−2 + Tn+j−3 )S2 + Tn+j−1 S3
= lim
n→+∞ Tn−2 S1 + (Tn−2 + Tn−3 )S2 + Tn−1 S3
Tn+j−2 S1 /Tn + (Tn+j−2 + Tn+j−3 )S2 /Tn + Tn+j−1 S3 /Tn
= lim .
n→+∞ Tn−2 S1 /T − n + (Tn−2 + Tn−3 )S2 /Tn + Tn−1 S3 /Tn

Claim:
lim Tn+j /Tn = τ j
n→+∞

lim Tn+j /Tn


n→+∞
τ n+j+1 σ n+j+1 ρn+j+1
(τ −σ)(τ −ρ)
+ (σ−τ )(σ−ρ)
+ (ρ−τ )(ρ−σ)
= lim τ n+1 σ n+1 ρn+1
n→+∞ + +
(τ −σ)(τ −ρ) (σ−τ )(σ−ρ) (ρ−τ )(ρ−σ)
τ n+j+1 /τ n σ n+j+1 /τ n ρn+j+1 /τ n
(τ −σ)(τ −ρ)
+ (σ−τ )(σ−ρ)
+ (ρ−τ )(ρ−σ)
= lim n+1 /τ n σ n+1 /τ n ρn+1 /τ n
n→+∞ τ + +
(τ −σ)(τ −ρ) (σ−τ )(σ−ρ) (ρ−τ )(ρ−σ)
j+1
τ
= ; by the properties of the roots τ, σ, and ρ
τ
j
=τ .

68
Continuing and using our proven claim, we obtain

τ j−2 S1 + (τ j−2 + τ j−3 )S2 + τ j−1 S3


τ −2 S1 + (τ −2 + τ −3 )S2 + τ −1 S3
τ j+1 S1 + (τ j+1 + τ j )S2 + τ j+2 S3
=
τ S1 + (τ + 1)S2 + τ 2 S3
τ j [τ S1 + (τ + 1)S2 + τ 2 S3 ]
=
τ S1 + (τ + 1)S2 + τ 2 S3
= τ j,

as desired. 

Corollary.
Sn+1
lim = τ.
n→+∞ Sn

3 Conclusion
In summary, we have established that like the Tribonacci sequence, the ratio of the two terms
S
Sn+j and Sn of the generalized Tribonacci sequence, given by Sn+j
n
, approaches the value τ j as n
tends to infinity where τ is the Tribonacci constant.

References
[1] Natividad, L. R. & Policarpio, P. B. (2013) A novel formula in solving Tribonacci-like
sequence, General Mathematics Notes, 17(1), 82–87.

[2] Piezas III, T. (2010) A tale of four constants, https://sites.google.com/site/


tpiezas/0012

69

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