AN ISO 9001:2008 & 13485:2003 COMPANY

Mars 40
(High Frequency X-Ray Machine)

INSTALLATION/SERVICE MANUAL

Our EU Authorised Representative: -

MEDICAL SYSTEMS LTD. JMC Medical Sprl,
58, Avenue du Parc de Woluwe
S.C.O. 212-214, SEC. 34-A,
B-1160 Bruxelles,
CHANDIGARH (INDIA)
Belgium
TEL.: +91-172-3012287, 3012285,
Tel: +32.2.672.56.44
FAX: +91-172-2621912
Fax: +32.2.662.29.92
E-mail: [email protected]
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: www.allengers.com

Catalogue No. 23

We Aim For Your Delight

 Table of Contents
1. For Your Safety…………………………………………………. 1
2. About Your Device……………………………………………… 7
3. Product Description:-
a) Block Diagram…………………………………………… 8
b) Sequence of Operation…………………………………… 8
4. Technical Specification…………………………………………. 9

5. Description of Control Panel………………………………….… 10

a) Description of Control Keys…………………………..…. 11
6. Assembly Procedure..…………………………………………… 14
7. Component Layout……………………………………………… 16
8. Cards/Assemblies Details……………………………………….. 21
9. Wiring Diagram……………………………………………..….. 27
10. Brief Description of Operation………………………………… 28
11. Calibration Procedure………………………………………….. 40
a) Calibrating the Equipment……………………………….. 42
12. Trouble Shooting Chart.……………………………………..… 47
Programmable Relay Setting……………………………….. 56
13. Post Installation Instructions…………………………………… 58
14. Dark Room Procedures & X-Ray Film Processing……………. 59
15. Radiation Monitoring & Protection……………………………. 60
16. Preventive Maintenance Procedure……………………………. 61
17. Preventive Maintenance Checkpoints…………………………. 62
18. Part Catalogue…………………………………………………. 65

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This machine is type approved for Mechanical, Electrical & Radiation safety standards by
following regulatory boards:

PRODUCT APPROVALS

Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) – CM/L-

9129174: Approved for meeting Mechanical &
Electrical Safety Standards.

Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB) –

12/1401: Approved for meeting Radiation
Safety Standards.

CE Certified – 09 0439 QS/NB: Approved for

meeting International Safety Standards.

SYSTEM APPROVALS

ISO 9001:2008 & 13485:2003 Approved for

meeting Quality Management System
Requirements

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1. For Your Safety
Read these simple guidelines. Not following them may be dangerous or illegal. Read the
complete User/Installation Manual for further information.

SWITCH ON SAFELY

Switch ON the machine only with dry hands. Please

check the earthing before switching ON the machine.

ATTENTION SYMBOL

Please refer to User/Installation Manual when seen this

symbol on your machine.
USE SENSIBLY

Operate your machine as explained in the

User/Installation Manual .

QUALIFIED SERVICE

Only qualified personnel may Install or Repair this

Equipment.

WATER RESISTANCE

Your device is not Water Resistant. Keep it dry.

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DANGEROUS VOLTAGE

If seen on your equipment don’t touch that part because

some High Voltage or Dangerous Voltage must be there.

INTERFERENCE

Wireless or Mobile Devices may be susceptible to

interference, which could affect performance.

CONNECTING TO OTHER DEVICES

When connecting to any other device, read its

User/Installation Manual for detailed Safety
Instructions. Do not connect incompatible products.

WARNING MESSAGE

Please refer User/Installation Manual when seen this

symbol on your machine.

PROTECTIVE EARTH

This symbol is for protective earth. If seen on your

equipment, it indicates the protective earth terminal.

OFF
Indicate that equipment can be switched OFF when
pressed this switch.

ON

Indicate that equipment can be switched ON when pressed

this switch.

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Attention
Please read this Manual thoroughly. Although Allengers devices comply with the related Safety
Requirements. This manual provides all information necessary for a correct use and the
warnings related to danger associated with X-Rays Generating Units.

Allengers, is not to be held responsible for,

• Use of the equipment different from the intended one as described in this Manual;
• Damages to the unit, to the operator, to the patient, caused either by wrong installation
or maintenance procedures, different from those described in this Manual supplied with
the unit, and by wrong operations;
• Mechanical and/or electrical modifications performed during and after the installation,
different from those described in the Manual.

Allengers Qualified Engineers must only perform any technical intervention. If so

required, only the authorized personnel can remove the covers and has access to the
internal circuitry of the equipment.

Warnings:
• This device has not been designed to be used in environments where vapours, anesthetic
mixes flammable with air, or oxygen and nitrous oxide can be detected.
• Before cleaning the device, please disconnect it from the AC Mains supply.
• Wherever necessary, use the suitable accessories, such as the Leaded Aprons, Lead
Goggles, and Thyroid Guards to protect the Patient, User & Support Staff of OT from
radiation exposure.
• While performing the radiography, no one, apart from the Operator and the Patient, must
remain in the room.
• Though this unit has been designed with a quite acceptable protection level from
electromagnetic interference, it is advisable to install it at a certain distance from
electrical energy transformation rooms, from static continuity units, from portable
receiving-transmitting units and for Cellular use. Cellular Telephones are only admitted
at a distance of more than 1.5m from any component of the device. Other medical
instruments and devices that must be used in the same installation area of the unit must
comply with the Electromagnetic Compatibility rules in force. Non-complying
instruments, of which the poor immunity from electromagnetic fields is well known,
must be installed at least 3 m away from the equipment and supplied by a different
electrical line.
• The equipment must be OFF while using devices such as electrical scalpels or similar
instruments. The equipment automatically performs some self-test functions and
therefore is able to detect some anomalous conditions. However, whenever there are
doubts on the performance of the equipment (e.g. images too clear, too dark or with
artifacts), the activity must be suspended and an Allengers Qualified and Authorized
Engineer must be contacted.

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 • During the use of the equipment, the operator must comply with the local work Safety
Regulation, in particular with the ones referring to the use of X-Ray Equipments.
• Avoid to use the CFL Lamps in O.T. as some of the CFL Lamps generate UV
Spectrum (>700 mm) which some times hamper the performance of electronic circuits.

Environmental risks and displacement

The equipment contains in some of its parts, materials that at the end of the unit’s life, must be
recycled at an approved location. Particularly the device contains the following materials and/or
components:

• Central Unit and Control Console: Iron, Copper, Aluminum, Non-biodegradable

Plastic Material, Glass-Resin for Printed Circuit Boards (PCB).

• Tube Head Assembly: Tube Head Assembly of this X-Ray Equipment contains High
Voltage Tank, X-Ray Tube and Oil filled alongside, Printed Circuit Board (PCB) and
Lead used for controlling Stray Radiations.

Allengers is not responsible for the disposal of the equipment performed by the user and
for the costs related to this intervention.

It is assumed by the manufacturer and distributors of this equipment that all persons responsible
for the operation of this equipment are aware of danger and excessive exposure to X-Radiation
and this equipment is sold with the understanding that Allengers Medical Systems Limited,
their agents and representatives have no responsibility for injury or damage which may
result from exposure to X-Radiations.

Recommendations to reduce Radiation Exposure

The main objective of radiation protection procedures in an X-Ray Diagnostic Installation is to
limit the Radiation Exposure arising from the use of the Diagnostic Equipment as low as
possible so that the radiation doses received by the radiological personnel and general public
never exceeds the maximum permissible dose limits recommended by ICRP (International
Commission on Radiation Protection).

a) The radiation exposure to the patient should be the minimum exposure required to
produce images of good diagnostic quality. Use radiation with care, caution and at a rate
which is ALARA - ‘As Low As Reasonably Achievable’

b) The speed of the film, or screen and film combinations should be of fastest speed
consistent with the diagnostic objective of the radiographic examination.

c) When a patient or film must be provided with auxiliary support during radiation
exposure:

(i) Mechanical holding devices shall be used when the technique permits.

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 (ii) Individuals may be permitted to hold the patient when absolutely necessary
and no individual shall be used routinely for this purpose to the exclusion of
others who might share the task.

(iii) If a human holder is required, the holder shall be positioned such that no part
of body shall be struck by primary X-Ray beam unless protected by at least
0.5 mm lead equivalent and shall be protected from direct scatter radiation by
protective lead apron of not less then 0.25 mm lead equivalent.

d) Gonadal shielding of not less then 0.25 mm lead equivalent shall be used for patients
who have not passed their reproductive age during radiographic procedures in which
gonads are under primary beam, except, in cases where shielding would interfere with
diagnostic procedures.

e) Doors of the Room/OT where X-ray equipment is installed should be closed before
making exposures.

f) The X-ray beam should not be directed towards doors or windows of the room, or
towards control panel or darkroom walls unless no other geometry is possible.

g) Obey radiation protection rules pertaining to time, distance and shielding.

h) Prefer low exposure settings to high.

i) Use Collimator to set minimal useful field size; keep Image Intensifier in close
proximity to the patient.

THE EQUIPMENT MUST BE USED WITH GENUINE ALLENGERS

ACCESSORIES

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First Aid In Case of Electrical Shock

1. Switch OFF the Power Supply: If this is not possible, protect yourself
with dry insulating material and pull the victim clear off the conductor.
Do not touch the victim with your bare hands until he/she is clear off
the conductor.

2. Place the victim in supine position.

3. Keep the air passage clear by turning the head to one side, opening the
patient’s mouth and cleaning it of water, saline, mucus or blood, a lot of
which might have accumulated in the back of the throat.

4. If the jaw is rigid, try to force the mouth open by pressure on the gum
behind the last molar tooth of the lower jaw. When the upper air
passage is cleared, tilt the head backward and force the jaw forward
from the angles of the jaw in front of the ears. This would prevent
mechanical obstructions to the upper air passages.

5. Hold the chin up and forward with one hand and pinch the nostril of the
victim with other.

6. Take a very deep breath and apply your mouth to that of victim and
blow into his mouth until the chest of the victim moves up indicating
filling of the lungs (Never allow the chin to sag).

7. When the chest has moved up, withdraw your mouth and allow the
chest to sink back.

Have someone else sent for a Doctor.

Keep patient warm and loosen his/her clothing.

Do not give liquids until the patient is conscious.

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2. About Your Device

Mars 40 is an X-Ray Machine with high frequency generator and have features for operator's
ease like APR.

The Radiography Parameters defined in this machine are based on Human Anatomy. This is
reason why this machine is known as APR (Anatomical Programmed Radiography Machine).

There are different keys to define the Body Part to be exposed and depending on the defined
Part by operator, machine it-self set the parameters depending on the built of patient and Screen
Speed combination available for Exposure.

Operator can choose manual mode and can select their own parameters fro exposures.

A Variety of tube stands & tables can be chosen depending upon the customer’s requirements.
This machine is best suited for Chest, Extremities, Skulls, Abdomen & Pelvic for all routine &
special Radiographic & Fluoroscopy examines.

Machine is supplied with different combinations and tables depending on the type of operation
needed.

Whole of the equipment offers innumerable benefits like compact size, consistent output and
negligible dose rate.

Mars 40 with Ceiling Free Stand and Floatex Table makes and ideal combination for all
possible radiographic applications offering ease of patient positioning specially in Trauma
cases.

Mars 40 with Floor to Ceiling Stand & Allpose is used for Special Investigation purposes e.g.
HSG, Barium Investigation etc.

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 3. Product Description

a) Block Diagram:

3 PHASE
440 V AC
INPUT
OPERATOR CONSOLE

CONTROL UNIT

HIGH VOLTAGE
X-MER

X-RAY TUBE

COLLIMATOR

X-RAY

GRID

IMAGE RECEPTOR

b) Sequence of Operation: -
Press ON Switch to Wait till battery signal
440 V AC >> Switch ON MCB >> >>
energize equipment on panel show FULL
<<

Adjust patient position

and collimator.
<<

Press ready and exposure Set parameters as per

You will get a X-RAY << switch << requirement.

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4. Technical Specifications:
PARAMETERS SPECIFICATIONS
KV - 40 to 125 KV in steps of 1 KV
mAs - Variable mAs from 1 to 200 mAs (500mA max.)
X-Ray Generator - High Frequency 40 KHz., 40 KW X-Ray Generator
X-Ray Tube - Dual Focus, Rotating Anode Tube, of focal spot 1.0 mm2
(Small) & 2.0 mm2 (Large)
- Collimator with Auto Shut OFF
Control - Digital Display of kV/mAs
- X-Ray Tube Head Temperature Sensor for Thermal Cut-OFF
- Indicators of Ready & X-Ray ON,
- Machine ON/OFF Switch, X-Ray Exposure Switch, kV
Increase/Decrease switch & mAs Increase/Decrease Switch
- Bucky ON/OFF
- Self Diagnostic on Panel
- APR Mode
- Keys for selecting Area
- Keys for selecting View
- Keys for selecting Patient size
- Patient Selection Switch
Additional Features - Hand Switch with retractable cord for initiation of exposure
Power Supply - 440V(AC-Supply) 50/60 Hz, ± 10%
Environmental & Storage
Operating Conditions Temperature 0 to 40o C
Humidity Maximum 90% at 30o C
Operating Conditions:
Temperature 10 to 40o C
Humidity Up to 75%

Fuse Details:

FUSE NO. FUNCTION RATING

F1 Phase-1 63 amp
F2 Phase-2 63 amp
F3 Phase-2 63 amp
F4 Bucky 04 amp
F5 LBD 04 amp
F6 Rotor 08 amp

MCB: 63 Amp (For Over Current Protection)

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5. Description of Control
2 5 11

10
3

1 9

4 8

7
c

12 (APR
Keys)

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a) Description of Control Functions:

1. MACHINE ON SWITCH

This switch is used to turn ON the machine.

2. MACHINE OFF SWITCH

This switch is used to turn OFF the machine. Indicator along this switch glows
when power is available to the machine but machine is in OFF condition.

3. FAULT INDICATORS

Indicator glows to indicate the Phase Failure. When this Indicator is

glowing then either of phases is not available to the machine or Voltage
Level is not in range of 180V – 250V (Phase to Neutral).
Indicator glows to indicate High Voltage Fault. When this Indicator is
glowing, either there is problem in Inverter or H.V. tank.
Indicator glows to indicate the Filament Fault. This fault is due to some
fault in Filament Section.
Indicator glows to indicate Thermal Fault. This fault is due to
overheating of Tube. When this fault occurs then waits for some time to
ensure cooling of the Tube.

4. CAPACITOR CHARGING INDICATION

When we switch ON the machine Low Capacitor Indicator will glow about
approx. 50 sec. When this indicator is glowing the machine does not exposes.
When full indicator glows then machine is ready for exposure.

5. LARGE/SMALL FILAMENT MODE SELECTION SWITCH

Used to select either Large or Small Filament of the Tube.

6. KV INCREASE & DECREASE SWITCH

This switch is used to Increase and Decrease the KV. KV can be increased or
decrease from 40 to 125 KV in steps of 1 KV each and the display of KV is shown
on the display above these switches.

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 7. mAs INCREASE & DECREASE SWITCH

This switch is used to Increase and Decrease the mAs. mAs can be Increased or
Decrease from 1 to 200 mAs. The display of mAs is shown on the display above
these switches.

8. BUCKY SWITCH

This switch is used to energize the Bucky. When no Indicator is glowing then none
of the Bucky is selected. When we press it one time then H Indicator glows and
Horizontal Bucky is selected. If we again press the switch then V Indicator starts
glowing and Vertical Bucky is selected

9. READY SWITCH WITH INDICATOR

This switch is used to Boost the Filament. When this switch is pressed, Indicator
above this switch glows.

10. EXPOSURE SWITCH WITH INDICATOR

This switch is used to make an Exposure. For exposure, first press the Ready
Switch and then Exposure Switch. Exposure Indicator above this switch glows to
indicate that exposure takes place.

11. AEC Mode (Optional)

In AEC Mode user can select the KV according the patient size and also select the
chambers as per area of exposure. The machine will automatically select the dose
rate to be given to patient.
12. APR KEYS:-

a) APR Key

When we switch ON the machine then by default machine is in the APR Mode, and the
corresponding indicator will glow. By pressing this switch the machine will come out of
APR Mode and vice versa.

b) Patient Selection Switch

These switches are used to select the body size of the patient.
When XL switch is pressed then the factors selected is for extra large patient and
similarly for L, M, S, XS and baby the factors selected are for LARGE, MEDIUM,
SMALL, EXTRA SMALL and BABY.

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 c) Film Density Selection Switch

These switches are used to Increase or Decrease the mAs as per density of film used by
the Operator.

d) Body Part Selection Switches

These switches are used to select the Area and the View in which X-Ray is to be taken.

This Switch is used to define the Area to be Exposed. By pressing these two switches
the operator can select the area for exposure and the corresponding LED for selected area will
glow on the panel e.g. if the operator scroll down by pressing down key to Chest then
corresponding LED will glow on the Panel.

By pressing the V1, V2, V3 & V4 key one can select the view for the X-Ray e.g. if operator
wants to take PA view for the chest then he/she has to press key and if he/she
wants to take LAT view then he/she has to press similarly if one has to take the
SUPINE AP or SUPINE LAT, he/she has to press V3 & V4.
Similar procedure will follow for the rest of selection.
Exposure

13. HAND SWITCH Ready

This is used to press Ready switch and Exposure switch using retractable type cord.

LBD ON/OFF SWITCH (ON LBD)

This is Push to ON type switch. When it is pressed bulb gets ON and remains ON for 1 minute.
After 1 minute bulb gets OFF automatically.

AUDIBLE ALARM

Beep tone is heard during the emission of X-Rays.

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 6. Assembly Procedure
1. Plan the location of various parts of machine i.e. Control, Table, Tube Stand etc. in an
X-Ray room.
2. A proper Earth connection must be available & all parts of X-Ray machine must be
earthed.
3. Take measurements for lengths of different types of wires required as per their size.
4. Fix thimbles on different wires required for inter-connection of different parts as per
Inter connection details. Ensure that thimbles on all wires are not loose.
5. Connect Main Supply Lead in Main Switch (3 Phase supply - Phase1, Phase2, Phase3,
Neutral & Ground).
6. Connect H.V. Cables from H.T. Tank to Tube Head as follows:

+VE -VE

H.V. CABLE H.V. CABLE

4 Pin male 6 Pin male Connector

Connector (FC Magnet Supply)

+ve of H.V. Tank to +ve of Tube Head

-ve of H.V. Tank to –ve of Tube Head
7. Connect Rotor connections from control as follows (Recommended for Toshiba Tube
Only):
Tube
TS3-1 to 5 on Tube Head Connections

TS3-2 to 3 on Tube Head

TS3-3 to 2 on Tube Head

Control Side:- Connect LBD supply (24V AC) wires to TS3-8 & TS3-9.
Tube Head Side Connections:- Connect 4 Pin Connector in Electromagnet Panel &
Connect 5 Pin Connector of Electromagnet Panel to In LBD. Connect 6 Pin connector
of Stand Supply in Electromagnet Panel.

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 8. Pedestal Connections:
• Connect FRC cables to Motherboard Card J1 & JP3 after giving 4 turns through
Ferrite Core as shown at Page No.18.
• Connect Hand Switch connections at JP6-1 (Ready) JP6-2 (X-Ray) & JP6-8
(Common) connector in Mother Board Card.
• Connect Buzzer Connections (3-pin Connector) at JP7-1 (Positive) & JP7-2
(Negative) in Motherboard Card.
9. Connect Table Supply Connections in Control at terminal strip TS3-6 (Magnet Supply-
230V AC), TS3-11 (Common-0V AC) & TS3-10 (Horizontal Bucky Supply-230V AC).
10. Connect Vertical Bucky Stand Supply Connections in Control at terminal strip TS3-6
(Magnet Supply-230V AC), TS3-11 (Common-0V AC) & TS3-12 (Vertical Bucky
Supply-230V AC, If Applicable).

PRECAUTION TO BE TAKEN WHILE ASSEMBLING H.V. CABLES AND H.V.

TANK

’ The Entire surface of the Bushing & Receptacle should be thoroughly cleaned
for any dirt or dust.
’ Jelly should be applied on the High Voltage Bushings of the HV Cables so as not
to leave any air between receptacles & bushings. (It is strictly advices that
apply the jelly, which is supplied with the tube. Other jelly should not be
used).
’ The Earth wire on the HV Transformer should be properly tightened.
’ All connections on the H.T. Tank & Tube Head should be firmly tightened.
’ All connections on the H.T. Tank & Tube Head should be firmly tightened.

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7. Component Layout:
Left side View:
SMPS Rotor Plate
High Voltage Tank

Inverter Section
Fuses (F4 & F5)

MCB (3 Pole, 63 Amps) Pulse 19 Card

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Back View:

High Voltage Tank

PH1, PH2 & PH3
Delay

63 A Fuse for
Contactor

ON/OFF
Contactor

Filter Main Input

Connection

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 Front View:

FRC Cable of Motherboard Card to

be routed through Ferrite Core
26 Pin
Connect Flat
Cables & 3 Pin
connector
coming from 20 Pin
Pedestal

Motherboard Card
Hand Switch
connections

Buzzer
Connection

+5 V DC Supply Card
Filament (mA)
Stab Card

Insert the cables

coming from Pedestal

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 Right Side View:

DC Terminal Strip (TS2)

Power Supply Card

+ 12 V SMPS
Filament Card
Filament Card
Filter for

MAIN X-MER
LBD X-MER

0-12 X-MER AC Terminal Strip (TS1) 3 Phase Filter

Warning Light Supply

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 Top View:

Factory Setting
don’t Operate
Pulse 21 Card
TS3 (Rotor, Table &
VBS Connections)

SMPS +24V

Rotor Capacitor
SMPS +15V
Time Delay Card
for Rotor

Rotor Plate
RTS

RE3-RE5 Card

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8. Cards/Assemblies Details
SR. NAME OF LOCATION IN QUANTITY
NO. CARD/ASSEMBLY WIRING
DIAGRAM
1 Initial Time Delay Card C6 01
2 Power Supply Card C2 01
3 Filament Card B4 01
4 Pulse-19 Card B2-3 01
5 Motherboard Card C-D4 01
6 Filament Stab Card C5 01
7 Rotor Card Assembly B5 01
8 Filter Card B4 01
9 Display Card -- 01
10 Pulse-20 A3 (IN INVERTER) 01
11 Pulse-21 A4 01
12 Pulse-18 A3 (IN INVERTER) 01
13 + 5 V DC Power Supply Card C3 01

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 ROTOR ASSEMBLY
CURRENT TRANSFORMERS
ROT5 ROT3

ROT1

FUSE
(8A)
ROT6
ROT2

ROT4
RTS

TIME DELAY CARD RE3-RE5 CARD

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 0V (R) FROM TS2-9
+12V (R) FROM TS2-8
RE2-A

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Brief description of Operation Rotor Assembly
Drawing No. E-486, R4

Note:

1. The letters written in curly brackets {} denotes the location of part/ Component/
contact terminal in wiring diagram.

2. Abbreviation

• NO stands for Normally Open Contact of Relay / Contactor.

• NC Stands for Normally Close Contact of Relay / Contactor.
• ROT-Relay of Rotor Plate
• TS stand for Terminal Strip
• TR stands for Transformer
• Ckt. Stands for Circuit
• J stands for Connector Number of Cards
• RTS stands for Rotor Terminal Strip
• C stands for Common Terminal of Rotor
• S stands for Shift Terminal of Rotor
• P stands for Principle Terminal of Rotor

1. 0VAC from Machine is fed at ROT1-A NO {D2} Contact through RTS4.

2. 230VAC from machine is fed to ROT1-B NO {A2} Contact through RTS5
3. 65VAC from Machine to given to RE3-RE5 Card {B2} connector J3-2 through RTS6
{A2}. From RE3-RE5 Card connector J3-3 fed to ROT6-A NO Contact {B3}.
4. Capacitor of 25μFD is connected at RTS-7 & RTS-8 {C3} for Phase shift.
5. 0VDC is directly fed to ROT1 Coil {A4}, ROT5 & ROT6 {B2} Relays from RTS-9
{B4}.
6. 12VDC is given at RTS-10 {B3} through Ready Relay of Machine. When Ready Relay
gives 12VDC, ROT1 {A4} & Through ROT3-A NC Contact & Z1 (Zener Diode 5.6V
1W) ROT5 Relay {B4} gets energized.

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 7. Now 0VAC from ROT1-A {D2} is fed to Current Transformers (TR-1 & TR-2) through
8A glass fuse. Current Transformer-1 {C2, D2} gives the 0V at Output Terminal RTS-3
{C2} (Principle Point of Rotor Winding). Current Transformer-2 {C3, D3) gives output
at Output Terminal RTS-2 {C3} (Shift Point of Rotor Winding) through Phase Shift
Capacitor.
8. From ROT1-B NO Contact {A2} 230VAC supply given to ROT5-A NO Contact {A3}
and then 230V is fed to Output Terminal at RTS-1 {C3} (Common Point of Rotor
Winding). ROT1-C NC Contact {C1} (10& 11 of Time Delay Card) gets open & Cap.
470μFD {C2} inside the Time Delay Card is now can be charged.
9. Now 0V & 230V voltage reaches to the Rotor Winding Terminals {C3} & then current
will starts flowing through Current Transformers & both the Transformer gives voltage
output according to current flow level.
10. Current Transformer-2 {C3, D3} output is given at RE3-RE5 Card at J4-2, 3 directly &
at J4-1 {D3, D4} through ROT3-C NC Contact {D3} for voltage drop. This voltage is
converted into the DC through diodes and fed to ROT2 Relay {D4} from J5-1 (+VE) &
J5-2 (-VE) of RE3 & RE5 Card which energize the Relay.
11. FLR Interlock IN Signal now available from ROT2-C Common Contact to ROT2-C NO
Contact {E4} (FLR Interlock Signal without Time Delay).
12. Current Transformer-1 {C2, D2} gives output to Time Delay Card at Terminal 5 & 6
which further converted into DC inside the Card through Bridge Rectifier Diodes. -VE
voltage is directly given to ROT3 Relay {D3} from 2No. Terminal of Time Delay Card.
+VE voltage is given to the Capacitor 470μFD & Transistor {C1} CK100 emitter
terminal. Now Capacitor 470μFD starts charging through 10K variable resistance, when
the level of Voltage reaches above 5.6V Zener Diode conducts & gives the voltage to
Transistor. CK100 Transistor get biased & gives the +VE output at Terminal No.-8 &
further to ROT3 Relay. So there is a delay in the output voltage which is produced by
the charging time of Capacitor. This delay is used for attain the full speed of Rotor.
13. Now ROT3 Relay gets ON & OFF the Relay ROT5 {B4} through ROT3-A NC Contact
& ON the Relay ROT6 through ROT3-A NO Contact & Zener Diode (Z2, 5.6V / 1W).
ROT3-C NC Contact {B3} bypass the Resistance mounted inside the RE3-RE5 Card for
ROT2 Relay coil voltage drop. ROT3-B Contact is not used.

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 14. As ROT5 Relay is gets OFF then 230VAC is blocked & 65VAC given at output
terminal RTS-1 (Principle Point of Rotor Winding) through ROT6 NO Contact {B3}
from RE3-RE5 Card (J3-3). Now Rotor works on 65VAC supply.
15. The voltage Drop across the 6.2Ω / 10W Resistance {B2} is converted into the DC in
RE3-RE5 Card. & given to ROT4 Coil {B1}. Positive Voltage through 3.3Ω Variable
Resistance {B2} (For Voltage Level Adjustment) & ROT2-B NO Contact {B2} (Which
is already closed). Negative Voltage directly given to ROT4 Coil.
16. When ROT4 Relay gets ON then IN voltage for Interlock will be available at RTS-12
from RTS-11 through ROT4-A NO & ROT2-A NO Contacts {E4}.Which completes the
Rotor Interlock & which further fed to controlling ckt. of Machine.

Relay sequence:- ROT1 – R OT5 – ROT2 – ROT3- ROT5 OFF, ROT6 ON- ROT

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9. Wiring Diagram

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10. Brief Description of Operation: -

DRG. NO.-397, R11, Number of Sheet-6

Note:

1. The letters written in curly brackets {} denotes the location of part/ Component/
contact terminal in wiring diagram.

2. Abbreviation

• NO stands for Normally Open Contact of Relay / Contactor.

• NC Stands for Normally Close Contact of Relay/Contactor
• CON stands for Contactor
• F stands for Fuse
• TS stand for Terminal Strip
• RE stands for Relay
• SMPS stands for Switching Mode Power Supply
• TR stands for Transformer
• Ckt. Stands for Circuit
• CP, JP, CN, J stands for Connector number of Cards
• RTS stands for Rotor Terminal strip

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Step 1: - Switching on Main MCB.
When we Switch ON the MCB (3 Pole 63Amp) {A1}, 3-Phase supply is fed from Terminal
block {A1} to HRC Fuses (F1, F2 & F3) and from Fuses to Filter and from Filter to Contactor
terminals as below:

Phase 1 is given to the CON.1-A {A2} & Programmable Relay Terminal-R {B1}
Phase 2 is given to CON.1-B {A2} & Programmable Relay Terminal-Y {B1}
Phase 3 is given on Terminal Strip TS1-1 and then CON.1-C {A2} &
Programmable Relay Terminal-B {B1}
• Neutral is directly given to Filter from Terminal Block and from Filter to TS1-2,
Programmable Relay Terminal-N {B1} and Contactor Terminal CON.1-D {B2}

• Ground of the Machine should be properly earthed such that voltage between GND and
Neutral must be minimum as possible (Maximum allowable voltage is 3 volts).

• Phase-1 is directly given to ON/OFF Contactor CON.1 Coil {B1} and Phase-2 is given
to it through the NO Contact of RE1A-C {B1}.

• 3 Metal Oxide Variastor (MOV) are used to protect circuit against excessive transient
voltages at TS1-1 (Line) & TS1-2 (Neutral), TS1-1 & TS1-3 (Ground) and TS1-2 &
TS1-3.

• Now 230V from TS1-1 and 0VAC from TS1-2 is fed to 15W Bulb mounted near
Filament Card {B1}, SMPS-1 (12V/1A) {C2-B2}, Cooling Fan Supply {B1} and 0-12V
Transformer (TR-1) {C1-C2}. Now Before ON (0-12V DC) Relay Supply is generated
by SMPS-1 given at TS2-8 (12V DC) & TS2-9 (0V DC). Output of 0-12V Transformer
(TR-1) {C1:C2} is given to Power Supply Card at J1-10 & 11 and Output of Power
Supply Card from J2-10 (+12V DC) and J2-11 (0VDC) is given at TS2-1 & 2
respectively.

• Before ON Relay Supply +12V DC from TS2-8 is fed to RE1, RE1A & RE6 Coils, and
Motherboard Card at JP9-1, JP2-4 and at JP1-1, 2 & 4 & to NO Contact of RE1A-A.
Relay Supply 0V DC from TS2-9 is fed to Motherboard Card {C4} at JP9-3, JP2-7 &
JP1-7, 9 & 12, to the Initial Time Delay Card {C6} at J2-2 & Programmable Relay
Terminal C {B1}

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 • Before ON Supply +12VDC from TS2-1 is fed to Motherboard Card at JP2-5 (+12V
DC), NC Contact of RE6-B & 0V DC from TS2-2 on JP2-6 of Motherboard Card.

• OFF Indicator on Panel glows before Switching on Machine.

NOTE:
Relays Contacts used for only DC supply is mentioned as DC Relay and
Contacts used for AC supply is mentioned as AC Relay

RE1, RE2, RE3, RE5 & RE6 DC Relays

RE1A, RE2A, RE4, RE4A & RE5A AC Relays

Step 2: - Switch ON the Machine from Panel by pressing ON Switch.

• OFF Indicator on Panel gets OFF when ON Switch is pressed.

• As the ON Switch from the Panel is pressed, Transistor Q20 on the Motherboard Card
gets biased and pulls down the Relay Coil RE1 from JP9-2 making it to energize through
NO Contact of RE6-A and then from NO Contact of RE1-C {C4}, 0V Relay Supply is
given to RE1A Coil from JP9-3. Hence RE1A operates which further gives + 12V Relay
Supply to all Relays through NO Contact of RE1A-A {D5}. ON/OFF Contactor of
CON.1 gets Phase-2 from NO Contact of RE1A-C {B1} and gets ON.

• CON.1 Contactor’s Contacts give the 3-Phase supply to Delay Contactor CON.2
Terminals CON.2-A {A2}, CON.2-B {A2} and CON.2-C {A2}. Initially 2-Phase
Supply is fed to Inverter via two Wire Wound Resistances (50Ω, 50W) to limit the
charging current of capacitors inside the Inverter until CON.1 (Delay Contactor)
operates.

• After ON supply now comes at TS1-4 & 5 from Contactor Terminal CON.1-C {A2} and
CON.1-D {B2}. From TS1-4 & 5 Supply is fed to SMPS-3 (24V/2A) {A2}, to Filter
Card {B4}, to Rotor Plate {B5} at RTS-5 & 4 respectively, SMPS-2 (15V/3.4A) {B2},
to Cooling Fan, to LBD Transformer (TR-3) {C1}, to Main Transformer (TR-2) {C2}.
TS1-4 is then fed to NO Contact of RE5A-A {B2} (Time Delay Contactor Supply) to
the NO Contact of RE2A-A {D1} (For Bucky Supply).

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 • 230VAC supply from TS1-4 is given at TS3-6, and 0VAC from TS1-5 is given at TS3-
11 through Fuse F4 (4Amps) for Table & VBS Magnet Supply,

• From TS1-4 230VAC Supply given at TS1-10 & from TS1-5 0VAC given to TS1-11 for
Machine ON Indicator Supply.

• Then SMPS-2 (15V/3.4A) generates 15V DC Supply at TS2-3 through NO Contact of

RE1-B {B3} and 0V DC at TS2-4, which is given to all the Cards described as follows:

+5VDC Power Supply Card {C2} - CN1-2 (+15VDC)

CN1-1 (0V DC),

Motherboard Card {C4} - JP2-2 (+15VDC)

JP2-6 (0VDC)

Pulse-19 Card {B2} - CP1-1 (+15VDC)

CP1-2 (0VDC)

Filament Card {B4} - J7-1 (+15VDC)

J7-2 (0VDC)

Pulse-21 Card {A4} - CP-2-1 (+15VDC) FOR Thermal interlock

mA Stab Card {C5} - J6-2 (+15VDC)

J6-5 (0VDC)

Initial Time Delay Card {C6} - J1-1 (+15VDC)

J1-2 (0VDC)

o 15V DC supply is given at the Connector JP5-2 of Motherboard Card for Low
Indication at Panel through NC Contact of RE5-A {C4}.

o To NO Contact of RE3-A {B4} for Small Filament Selection Signal to Filament

Card at J7-7.

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 o +5V Power Supply Card from CN2-1 gives +5V DC supply to Motherboard
Card at JP2-1 & to Filament (mA) Stab Card at J6-1.

• SMPS-3 (24V/2A) {A2} gives 24V DC supply to Pulse 18 COM Card at CP1-1 mounted
in Inverter through NO Contact of RE1-A {A3}.

• Main Transformer (TR2) {C2-B2} gives 15V-0-15V, 0-24V, 0-24V output which are
further given to Power Supply Card {C2-B2}. 15-0-15 to J1-3, 4 & 5 and 24-0V at J1-6
& 7 & J1-8 & 9. Power Supply Card converts these AC supplies to DC supplies.

o -15VDC output of Power Supply Card from J2-5 is given at TS2-5.

TS2-5 {C2} is further Connected to: Motherboard Card: JP2-3

Pulse-19 Card: CP1-3

Filament Card: J7-3

mA Stab Card: J6-3

o 12VDC (Relay) output from TS2-8 is given for Rotor Relay Supply at RTS-10
through NO Contact of RE2-A {B5}.

• LBD Transformer (TR3) {C1} gives 24V AC Supply to LBD & Magnets through Fuse
F5 at TS3-8 & 9.

• After 30-40s, 0V (Relay) supply comes from Connector J2-3 of Initial Time Delay Card
and Relays RE5 & RE5A gets energized which further gives 230V AC Supply to Delay
Contactor CON.2 Coil and then CON.2 operates through NO Contact of RE5A-A {B2}.
As CON.2 Contactor operates, it starts giving 3-Phase Supply to Inverter directly and by
pass the Wire Wound Resistances. NO Contact of RE5-A {C4} gives 15V DC to
Motherboard Card for Full indication at Panel to Motherboard Card at JP5-1 and Initial
Time Delay OK Signal at JP8-5 of Motherboard Card to close the safety Interlock
Signal.

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Step 3:- Selection of Small Filament (By default Machine is Switched on
In Large Filament).

• When L/S Switch is pressed, Relay K2 operates mounted on the Motherboard Card,
which changes Set Filament Voltage for Actual mA & gives 0V (Relay) Supply at JP1-
10 of Motherboard Card to energize the RE3 (Large/Small Relay) & following functions
are performed:

a. It sends 15V DC Signal through NO Contact of RE3-A {B4} to Filament Card at

J7-7 for Small Selection & Yellow Led Glows on the Filament Card, which
indicates Small Filament is selected.

b. A 0V Body GND Signal is sent through NO Contact of RE3-B {B5} to Filament

(mA) Stab Card at J6-4, which operates Relay K3 mounted on this Card. This
Relay selects the mA Stab Signal for Small Filament.

Step 4:- Selection of Bucky {No Bucky is selected when Machine is

Switched ON}

1. When Horizontal Bucky is selected by pressing H-Bucky Switch, LED along with this
Switch glows on the Panel & 0V Signal comes from JP1-3 of Motherboard Card, which
energizes the RE4 (Horizontal Bucky Relay) and 230V AC Supply, is routed through
NO Contact of RE4-A {D1} at TS3-10 for Horizontal Bucky.

2. When Vertical Bucky is selected by pressing V-Bucky Switch, LED along with this
Switch glows on the Panel & 0V Signal comes from Motherboard Card at JP1-5 that
energizes the RE4A Relay & 230V AC Supply is routed through NO Contact of RE4A-
A {D1} at TS3-12 for Vertical Bucky.

3. 0V (Common) is directly given at TS3-11 through Fuse F4 (4Amps).

NOTE: -230V AC Supply is routed through NO Contact of RE2A-A to RE4 and RE4A
Relays so Supply will be available at the time of Ready.

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Step 5: - Stand By mode. (Machine Ready for Exposure)

Machine comes in stand by mode (Ready) by pressing Ready Switch

from Panel or by pressing Ready from Hand Switch & Ready Indicator
along with Switch on Panel glows.

1. When Ready Switch is pressed Following Functions works:

a. K1 Relay operates on Motherboard Card, which gives 0V (Relay) supply from

JP1-7 to JP1-8, which further pulls down the RE2, RE2A Relays Coils and
makes them to energize.

b. Pre-Rx Signal is generated from Motherboard Card at JP6-3 & goes to Pulse 19
Card at CP1-5 through NO Contact of RE2-B {C4}.

c. Tube Filament Boost during Ready for Exposure. Filament is boosted through set
Filament Signal. Pre-Heat Voltage comes from JP6-6 of Motherboard Card at J7-
6 of Filament Card until Ready Switch is pressed but when Ready is pressed Pre
Heat Voltage converts to Set Filament at Filament Card J7-6 (Set Filament
Voltage for actual mA) which is more than Pre-Heat Voltage.

2. NO Contact of RE2-A {B5} sends 12V DC supply to Rotor Plate (RTS-10), which
energizes the ROT1 Relay. Now Tube Rotor works on 230V AC supply. After 0.8
Second Delay ROT3 Relay energizes & then Rotor starts working on 65V AC through
ROT6. If Rotor Circuit is working OK, a Rotor OK Signal of 15V DC goes from RTS-
12 to Motherboard Card at JP8-4 as a Feedback Signal and completes the Rotor
Interlock Signal.

3. 230V AC supply goes to NO Contact of RE4-A {D1} & RE4A-A {D1} for Bucky
Supply. (RE4 for Horizontal Bucky & RE4A Vertical Bucky Relay) through NO
Contact of RE2A-A {D1}.

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Step 6: - Exposure
1. When Exposure Switch from Panel (while keeping Ready Switch already pressed) or
from Hand Switch is pressed Exposure Indicator on Panel glows & Com-Rx Signal is
generated from Motherboard Card at JP6-4 and goes to Pulse-19 Card at CP1-9 through
NO Contact of RE2-C {C4} (Already energized when Ready is pressed).

2. Com-Rx Signal then generates COM1 & COM2 Signals in Pulse-19 Card, which are
further given to Pulse 18 COM Card for IGBT firing through FRC Cable (CF1). The
output of Inverter goes to Pulse-21 Card on HT Tank.

3. HV Tank Step Up this Voltage, and converts into DC according to the KV Selection.
Output of HV Tank is given to Tube through HV Cables. Then calibrated current flows
in Tube, the current flows & KV Feedback is given to Pulse 19 Card at CP2 by HV Tank
through CP1 of Pulse 21 Card for correction of current & KV.

4. A Buzzer {C4} beeps during Exposure. (Buzzer Supply comes from JP7-1 and JP7-2 of
Motherboard Card).

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Relay Sequence:-

RE6 – Phase Failure Relay

RE1 & RE1A – ON/OFF Relay

CON.1 – ON/OFF Contactor

RE5 & RE5A – Initial Time Delay Relay

CON.2 – Delay Contactor

RE3 – Large/Small Relay (Optional)

RE4/RE4A – Horizontal/Vertical
Bucky Supply Relays (Optional)

RE2 & RE2A – Ready Relay

Exposure

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INTERLOCK SIGNALS: -
• INVERTER FAULT: -This Signal is used to indicate the proper working of Inverter
and HT Tank. If there is any problem in Inverter or HT Tank then this Signal becomes
High (+15VDC) RED LED in Pulse 19 Card glows. Signal is generated from Pulse 19
Card (CP1-6) and given to Motherboard Card at JP8-2. This Signal is normally 0V DC.

• THERMAL FAULT: - This Signal is used for protection of HT Tank from Over
Heating. This Signal is normally 15V DC generated from HT Tank at CP2-2 and given
to Motherboard Card at JP8-6. If This Signal becomes 0V DC then TH-Fault Indicator
on Panel glows.

• FILAMENT FAULT: - This Signal indicates the Filament glow status of Tube, if there
is any problem in Filament Card Ckt / Tank / Tube. Then this Signal becomes 0V DC
and FIL-Fault glows at Panel. This Signal is normally 10-13V DC generated in Filament
Card at J7-9 and given to Motherboard Card at JP8-3.

• ROTOR OK: - This Signal is generated from Rotor Plate to indicate the proper working
of Rotor Ckt. This Signal is normally 0V DC and during Ready 15V DC if Rotor Ckt. is
working OK. This Signal is fed from RTS-12 to Motherboard Card at JP8-4.

• INITIAL TIME DELAY OK: -This Signal is used to indicate the Full Charging of
Capacitors inside the Inverter. Normally this Signal is 0V DC and when Time Delay
Relay gets ON (RE5 & RE5A) this Signal becomes 15V DC. This Signal fed from RE5-
A to Motherboard Card at JP8-5.

• EARTH FAULT:- This Signal is used to indicate the following parameters:

Voltage Level of All Phases to Neutral)

Frequency of Supply

Presence of Supply in All Phases

This signal is normally or and when RE6 do not get ON due to Programmable Relay
Trip. +12V Signal comes at JP6-7 of Motherboard Card. In case of Earth Fault occur
Machine will not get ON.

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IMPORTANT SIGNALS: -

• SET KV SIGNAL: - This Signal decides the generation of KVP. This Signal varies
according to display KVP with a relation of 1V=20KVP. If 40 kVp is selected then
Signal Voltage will be 2.0V DC. This Signal is generated in Motherboard Card by ICU7
-LF412 & can be checked at Set KV Test Point or at JP6-5 in Motherboard Card. This
Signal can be adjusted from POT R10 & R15 on the Motherboard Card.

• PRE -HEAT SIGNAL: -This Signal is used for Filament glow of Tube to warm up the
Tube Filament before Exposure. This Signal controls the Filament Glow & can be
checked in Motherboard Card at Pre-Heat Test Point & adjustments can be done from
R39 Pot of Motherboard Card. This Signal is normally 2.0V DC and fed to Filament
Card at J7-6.

• SET. FILAMENT SIGNAL: - This Signal is used to achieve actual mA. The level of
voltage depends upon the machine rating, KV station, & according to tube. Max.
Voltage can be set is 5.0V DC for Large Filament & 3.5VDC for Small Filament.
Overall Pot is R86 & Individual Pot for Large Filament is VR1 to VR11 & for Small
Filament VR17 to VR26 at Motherboard Card.

• mA STAB. SIGNAL: - This Signal is used to stabilize the mA output according to the
Selected KV station. mA Stab Signal is generated in Filament (mA) Stabilization Card
and can be checked at J6-7 at Filament (mA) Stab Card or at J7-4 of Filament Card. The
level of voltage depends upon the KV station & mA equation of Pulse 19 Card. If mA
are 250 & mA equation is 1V=50mA then Stab. Voltage will be 5.0V DC.

• ANODIC mA:-This Signal is generated in Pulse 19 Card during Exposure and Test
Points are TP6 & TP11 or can be checked at CP1-12. It is a reference voltage, which
indicates the Actual mA, flows through Tube. This Signal is given to Filament Card (J7-
5) for comparison of Stab Signal & Actual mA.

mA Equation:-
1V=50mA

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 • KV OK: - This Signal is used for activating mA stabilization function. This signal is
generated during Exposure from Pulse 19 Card at CP1-4 and given to Filament Card at
J7-8. This Signal is 10V on load. This Signal indicates the kV Generation in from HT
Tank is OK.

• PRE-RX: - This Signal is used to complete an Interlock in Pulse 19 Card for Exposure.
This Signal is generated in Motherboard Card at JP6-3. Pre-Rx Signal is normally 15V
DC & on load 11VDC. This Signal is given to Pulse 19 Card at CP1-5.

• COM-RX: -This Signal is used for generating COM1 & COM2 Signal in Pulse 19 Card
which is used for firing of Inverter’s IGBT. This Signal is generated in Motherboard
Card at JP6-4. Com-Rx Signal is normally 15V DC & on load 10V DC. This Signal is
given to Pulse 19 Card at CP1-9.

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11. Calibration Procedure

Do the following steps:-

STEP-1:- Applicable in case of Motherboard Card is changed.

STEP-2:- Applicable in case of Filament Card is changed.
STEP-3:- Applicable in case of HT tank is changed.
STEP-4:- Applicable in case of Inverter is changed.

• Step 1:- Remove JP6 connector & connect all other connectors of Motherboard Card
and Ensure all connectors should be tight. Calibrate the Following signals:-

1. Set KV:-Check Set KV between JP6-5 & GND or at Set KV test point of
Motherboard Card. Voltage should be 2.0 V DC at 40 KVP & 6.0 V DC at 120
KVP. If required, adjustment can be done from the Pot R-10 or R-15 at
Motherboard Card.

2. Check Pre-Heat voltage between JP6-6 Motherboard Card & Main GND or at Pre-
Heat Test Point, voltage at this point is 2.0 V DC (approx). If required, adjustment
can be done from the R39 in Motherboard Card.

3. Check Set Filament between main GND and SET FIL Test Point, voltage at this
point is 2.5V DC (Approx.) at starting calibration stage (Can be increased to achieve
mA). If required, adjustment can be done from the R86 (Overall POT) or Individual
pot (For 40KVP 10mAS VR1-Individual POT) at Motherboard Card.

4. Connect JP6 connector in Motherboard Card.

5. Check SET FIL. Signal at J7-6 during ready should be same as set on Motherboard
Card SET Filament Test Point.

• Step 2:- Tight All the connectors of Filament Card after Ensuring All supplies:

1. J4-2 & J4-4, Voltage should be 230 V AC

2. J7-1, +15 V DC
3. J7-2, GND
4. J7-3, -15 V DC
5. J7-6, Set Filament should be same as set in JP6-6 Motherboard Card (After Pressing
Ready), normally Pre-Heat Voltage.

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 • Step 3:- check tightening of Connecters, P1A, P2B, GND wires connections & fixing of
HV Cables.

1. Check Filament glow- Large Filament should glow during Large selection on Panel
& Small Filament should glow during Small Filament selection.

• Step 4:- Tight the mounting screws of Inverter check proper fixing of P1A and P1B
wires, 3-phase supply connections. Connect all connectors properly of Pulse 19 Card
after checking supply at CP1 Connector.

1. CP1 Connector Detail:

Pin 1 & GND: +15V DC
Pin 2 & GND: 0V DC
Pin 3 & GND: -15V DC
Pin 4 & GND: Stab. Relay coil voltage O/P to Filament Card during exposure
Pin 5 & GND: 0V (Pre-Rx)
Pin 6 & GND: 0V (Inverter Fault)
Pin 7 & GND: +15V DC
Pin 8 & GND: 0V
Pin 9 & GND: 0V (Com-Rx)
Pin 10 & GND: Set KV
Pin 11 & GND: Not Used
Pin 12 & GND: Anodic mA O/P to Filament Card during exposure

NOTE: Com-Rx & Pre-Rx will be high during exposure.

2. Ensure proper fixing of CP1 connector of Pulse 18 COM Card.

3. Ensure LD1 should glow after Removing CF1 FRC Cable from Pulse-19 Card.

4. Connect CF1 FRC Cable in Pulse 19 Card ensure FRC Cable should be locked in
Male FRC connector of Pulse 18 COM and Pulse-19 Card properly.

5. Press APR Key on Panel to activate the NON-APR (Manual) Mode. All the
Calibration is to be done in NON-APR (Manual) Mode.

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a) Calibrating the Equipment
1. Calibrate the Filament (mA) Stab Card by adjusting the Stab. Signal with the
Pots mentioned according to the KV mA Chart. Check the Stab. Signal at J6-7
with respect to body GND or Test Point on R35 in Filament (mA) Stab. Card or
at J7-4 at Filament Card.

FILAMENT STAB CARD

R-17 R-1

R-37 (OVERALL)

For Large filament:-

KVP REQUIRED DC mAs ADJUSTMENT OF

VOLTAGE (in POT.
Volts)
40-42 5.0 1-200 R1
43-53 10.0 1-25 R2
54-64 5.0 1-25 R3
65-74 5.0 1-25 R4
75-85 4.0 1-25 R5
86-96 4.0 1-200 R6
97-106 4.0 1-200 R7
107-125 3.5 1-200 R8
43-85 3.5 32-200 R8 (MULTI STATION)
40-125 3.5 1-200 R8 (APR MODE)

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 2. Select the Small filament from Panel & adjust the small station pots in Stab Card.

KVP REQUIRED DC mAs ADJUSTMENT OF

VOLTAGE (in Volts) POT.
40-42 3.2 1-200 R17
43-53 2.6 1-25 R18
54-64 2.2 1-25 R19
65-74 2.0 1-25 R20
75-85 2.0 1-25 R21
86-96 2.0 1-200 R22
97-106 2.0 1-200 R23
107-125 2.0 1-200 R24
43-85 2.0 32-200 R24 (MULTI STATION)
40-125 2.0 1-200 R24 (APR MODE)

If required adjustment can be done from overall POT R-37 on all stations.

◦ Ensure these voltages once again

3. First cover the Tube Head with Lead Apron.

4. Connect the CRO probe at TP6-(Actual mA) & TP11 (GND).

5. Make CRO adjustments for measuring voltage according to KV mA Chart.

6. Make an exposure at 40KVP 4mAS and hold the Image, check the voltage in
CRO.

The mA equation:- 1V=50mA.

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 Increase the set Fil. Voltage from Motherboard Card (Pot No. & mA are mentioned
in KV mA chart) till mA are not achieved according to chart. See the images

8.0V
9.0V 8.0V
7.0V

mA Wave shape Without mA Stab. Function

High Set Fil. mA Wave shape With mA Stab. Function
Time taken for
Stab Activation 2-6 MS

8.0V 8.0V 8.0V

7.0V

Low Set Fil. mA Wave shape With mA Stab. Function Proper mA Wave shape With mA Stab. Function

mA wave shape in
CRO

Limit of Set Fil.:- For large filament 5.0VDC & For Small Filament 3.7VDC

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MOTHERBOARD CARD
VR-17 (SMALL) VR-1 (LARGE)

R-10 & 15 Set kV

R-39 (PRE HEAT)

R-86 (mA OUT)

mA Calibration on Large Filament

KVP mA mAs ADJUSTMENT OF POT.

40-42 250 1-200 VR 1
43-53 500 1-25 VR 2
54-64 250 1-25 VR 3
65-74 250 1-25 VR 4
75-85 200 1-25 VR 5
86-96 200 1-200 VR 6
97-106 200 1-200 VR 7
107-125 175 1-200 VR 8
43-85 175 32-200 VR8 (MULTI STATION)
40-125 175 1-200 VR8 (APR MODE)

• Select the Small Filament from Control Panel. Check the actual glowing of Small
Filament. If it is OK then calibrate the mA as per following chart at different KVP
stations by adjusting SET Filament Signal in motherboard card with the pots mentioned
in KV mA chart.

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mA Calibration on Small Filament:

KVP mA mAs ADJUSTMENT OF POT.

40-42 160 1-200 VR17
43-53 130 1-25 VR18
54-64 110 1-25 VR19
65-74 100 1-25 VR20
75-85 100 1-25 VR21
86-96 100 1-200 VR22
97-106 100 1-200 VR23
107-125 100 1-200 VR24
43-85 100 32-200 VR24 (MULTI STATION)
40-125 100 1-200 VR24 (APR MODE)

If required adjustment can be done from overall POT VR-86 on all stations

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 12. Trouble Shooting
SR. FAULT CHECK POINTS SOLUTION
NO SYMPOTOMS
1. 1. Machine is not Check connections of FRC Should not be loose
getting ON. OFF cables
Indicator not Check Supply At TS2-1 & 2, Should be 12V DC, If available
glowing & JP2-5 & 6 of Motherboard replace 4093 (U-19), Transistor Q19,
Machine is not Card, SMPS-4 output BC 547.
getting ON. If Supply is not available If not available, check for any fuse
check Input supply of SMPS- F1, F2 is blown or any loose
4. should be 230VAC connection.
2. OFF Indicator Check Supply At TS2-8 & 9 If supplies are available then check
glows but And JP2-4 & 7, JP9-1 & 3 of supply at JP9-1 & 2 of Motherboard
becomes OFF Motherboard Card. Should be Card should be 12VDC
when ON Switch 12VDC.
is pressed & If available then check the Coil should not be open; contact
Machine is not functioning of RE6 Relay should not be miss function.
getting ON. (Phase Failure Relay), RE1
(ON/OFF Relay) & CON.1
(ON/OFF Contactor)
If 12VDC is not available on Replace 4093 (U-19), IC MCT2E (U-
JP9-1 & 2 20), Transistor Q20 CL 100 or
Transistor Q19 BC547. If still
problem exist replace Motherboard
Card.
If 12V DC is not available at Check Input of SMPS-1 230V AC, in
TS2-8 & 9 then check available replace SMPS. If not
functioning of SMPS-1 available check for any fuses F1, F2,
(12V/1A). F3 is blown or any loose connections.
If still Machine is not getting ON Switch at Pin 19 & 21
ON, Check continuity of 26 OFF Switch at Pin 20-22
Pin FRC cables from should not be open also continuity
Motherboard Card to Panel will be available when ON / OFF
Switch is pressed
3. Earth Fault & Check 3 Phase Supply. All Phases should be available. And
OFF Indicator in range of 360-440VAC.
glowing but Check Indication on If GREEN indicator is glowing check
Machine is not Programmable Relay, in case loose connection at Programmable
getting ON. of RED indication check Relay. Check continuity of
display in Programmable Programmable Relay Terminal NO &
Relay and correct the Input C. If not available replace
Supply as per Table. Programmable Relay.
If Programmable Relay is Coil open, loose connections or any
working ok then check wire open
functioning of RE6 (Phase
Failure) Relay
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 If RE6 Relay is working ok Coil open, loose connections or any
then check functioning of wire open
RE1 Relay
If RE1 & RE6 both are Check the Coil Voltage, If not
working ok then check the available then check the Input supply
functioning of CON1 of machine.
contactor If voltage is ok then check contactor
coil resistance. After removing the
coil supply wires. Or check the
contact functioning.
2. Display not coming at Check fixing of Connectors Should not be loose
Panel & machine is gets JP2 of Motherboard Card,
ON CN1 & CN2 of Power Supply
Card & FRC Cables.
Check 5V supply at If not available check input of +5V
Motherboard Card JP1 with Power Supply Card. {CN1-1 0VDC
respect to Body Ground & CN1-2 +15VDC}
If Input Supply is available Replace Regulator 7805 or 5V
Supply Card.
If +5VDC is available at Check frequency of crystal at IC U1-
Motherboard Card 18 w.r.t Body Ground If not available
replace crystal 12Mhz
If frequency is available then If still display is not coming then
replace the controller (U1- replace the Motherboard Card.
89V51)
3. Initial Battery signal on Check loose connection on Should not be loose.
Panel remains Low (not Motherboard Card JP5, Initial
shifts to Full) Time Delay Card J1 & J2
connectors.
Check RE5 & RE5A is If getting ON check working of RE5-
getting on? A Relay Contact / replace the Relay.
If RE5 & RE5A not getting Check input supply of Card-
on check the functioning of J1-1 (+15VDC) J1-2 (0VDC) If not
Initial Time Delay Card. available then check the working of
15V SMPS.
If Input supply of Initial Time K1 is not getting ON-Replace the IC
Delay Card is OK then check U1 (LM555) or TRS. Q1 (CK100)
the functioning of K1 Relay
(inside the Card)
If K1 Relay is getting on Then check the working of Relay
(K1) contacts or replace Card
4. Thermal fault is glowing Check connectors of Should not be loose
at panel Motherboard Card JP8, Pulse-
21 Card CP2, FRC Cable on
Panel & Motherboard Card.

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 Remove the connector from If not available then replace the HV
Pulse-21 Card & check the Tank
continuity between terminal
CP2-1&2
If Continuity is available then If not available then trace the wire &
check voltage at CP2-1 should check for any loose connection or
be +15VDC w.r.t Body GND. wire open
If Voltage is available then If not available then repeat the check
check the Voltage at CP2-2 point step 2.
Pulse-21 Card w.r.t to Body
GND.
If available then check the If not available then trace the wire &
voltage at JP8-6 w.r.t. Body check for any loose connection or
GND. Should be +15VDC wire open
If Voltage is available then Replace the Transistor Q21 (BC547)
Replace the IC4082 (back voltage
from IC to Transistor Base)
5. Ready is not working Check loose connection on Should not be loose.
(from Panel & Hand Motherboard Card JP6 & JP1,
Switch) & CP1 of Pulse-19 Card, FRC
Cables
1. Pre-Rx is not coming Check Pre-Rx at CP1-5 of If available at JP6-3 Motherboard
Pulse-19 Card & JP6-3 should Card & not on CP1-5 of Pulse-19
be >11VDC w.r.t to Body Card then check the functioning of
Ground. Ready Relay (RE2) of Machine.
If not available at Should be 0VDC w.r.t to Body
Motherboard Card JP6-3 then Ground during Ready. If not then
check the Ready Key Signal check the 26 Pin FRC Cable Pin 23
at JP6-1 w.r.t to Body may be open or Hand Switch is not
Ground. working
If 0VDC is available during Replace the transistor CL100 (Q11)
ready then. or check the connector (JP6) for any
loose contact
Ready relays are not Check Relay K1 is not getting If Getting ON then remove the JP1
working of machine on inside the Motherboard Connector from Card & check
Card. continuity on JP1-7 & 8 in the
Card—If continuity is not available
then replace the Relay.
If continuity is available then +12V (R) is feed directly to the
connect the JP1 connector & Relays & 0V (R) from JP1-8. So
Check the Functioning of check the voltage at Coil, Coil may
Ready Relay (RE2 & RE2A) be open or contacts not working or
replace the Relay

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 If K1 Relay of Motherboard If not available then check the 26 Pin
Card is not getting ON then FRC Cable Pin 23 may be open or
check the 0VDC during Hand Switch is not working
Ready JP6-1 w.r.t. Body
Ground.
If 0VDC is available then Should be 1.0VDC during Ready-If
check the voltage at IC U13-1
not available then replace the
w.r.t to Body Ground. Transistor Q7 (BC547)
If available then check Should be 0.7VDC (w.r.t. Relay
voltage at U13-4 w.r.t Relay
Ground.) during Ready if not
Ground. available then replace the U13
(MCT2E)
If 0.7VDC is available then If Not available then replace the Q10
check the voltage across D6 (CL100). & If available then check
should be 12VDC the Relay K1—Coil may be open or
contact not working
6. Filament Fault is Check connectors of Should not be loose
glowing at Panel Motherboard Card JP8, Pulse-
21 Card CP2, Filament Card
J1, J4, J7, Filter Card
connectors & HV Cables
Filament Fault while Check Pre-Heat voltage at J7- Should be less 2.0VDC If not then
Switching ON Machine 6 of Filament Card w.r.t. to adjust from Motherboard Card Pre-
Red LED glowing Body Ground. Heat Pot.
If 2.0VDC is available then J7-1 +15VDC, J7-2 0VDC, J7-3 -
check the supplies at J7 15VDC
connector w.r.t. Body If not available then check the Power
Ground. Supply Card & SMPS.
If available then Replace the
Filament Card
Filament Fault while Check Pre-Heat Voltage at J7- Should not be less 2.0VDC If not
Switching ON Machine 6 of Filament Card w.r.t. to then adjust from Motherboard Card
Green LED not glowing Body Ground. Pre-Heat Pot.
Check Supplies at J7 & J4 J7-1 +15VDC, J7-2 0VDC, J7-3 -
connector 15VDC w.r.t. Body Ground. (If not
available then check the SMPS &
Power Supply Card)
J4-2 & 4=230VAC (If Not available
then check the Filter Card or loose
connections.
If supplies & Pre-Heat If Bulb is not glowing then Replace
Voltage is OK then Remove the Filament Card.
the J1 connector from Card &
connect the 100W bulb on J1-
3 & 2 (large) Filament Card
or at J1-1 & 2 (Small)

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 If bulb is glowing then check If continuity is not available then
the continuity at CP2-3 & 5 replace the HV Tank
and CP3 & 4 of Pulse-21 Card
If continuity is available then If Bulb is not glowing then replace
Remove the HV Cable –VE the HV Tank
from X-Ray Tube & Connect
the 24V Bulb (LBD rating
Bulb) at C & L Terminal of
HV Cable.
If Bulb is glowing then check If Continuity is not available then
the continuity of C & L and replace the X-Ray Tube
C & S Filament Terminals of
X-Ray Tube
If continuity is available then Check continuity of Terminal of HV
check the HV Cable Cables from HT Tank to X-Ray
Tube. If continuity is OK then check
the loose connection mounting in
receptacles of HV Tank & X-Ray
Tube
Filament is glowing but Remove the JP8 connector If not available then replace the
green LED is not from Motherboard Card & Filament Card.
glowing & Filament Check voltage at J7-9 in If available then replace the IC4082
Fault at Panel Filament Card connector or Transistor Q18 (BC547) of
w.r.t. Body Ground. Should Motherboard Card
be 11-13VDC
Filament Fault during Check Set Filament Voltage Adjust the Set Filament from
Ready & Red Led glows at J7-6 during Ready w.r.t. Motherboard Card from adjusting
Body Ground. Should not be POT (According to Calibration
more then 5.0VDC Procedure)
Filament Fault during Check Set Filament Voltage Adjust the Set Filament from
Ready & Green Led gets at J7-6 during Ready w.r.t. Motherboard Card from adjusting Pot
OFF Body Ground. Should not be (According to Calibration procedure)
less then 1.6 DC.
7. Rotor is not working Check AC Input supply at Should be available If not then check
RTS-4 & 5 & 4 & 6 Should supplies of Machine.
be 230VAC & 65VAC
respectively.
If voltage is available then If not available then check the
check the DC voltage at RTS- functioning of Ready Relay (RE2) of
9 & 10 should be 12VDC Machine
during Ready.
If voltage is available then Coil may be open or supplies wires
check the functioning of are not properly connected (Dry
ROT1 & ROT5 Relay. solder/ wire open)

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 If ROT1 & ROT5 are getting If voltage is not available then check
ON then check the voltage at the glass Fuse (8A) & functioning of
RTS-1 & 3 or at Tube ROT1 & ROT5 Relays contacts.
Terminal-1 & 2 should be
230VAC before Time Delay.
If voltage is available then If resistance is not available then
remove the wires from Tube check the Thermal Switch
Terminals & check the (Continuity between Terminal 5&6)
resistance at Tube Terminal 1 If resistance is not available then
& 2 and 1 & 3 should be replace the Tube Head
approx. 30Ω & 60Ω.
Time delay not working Check connections at Tube Should be properly connected. &
Terminals 5, 2. & 3. Also tightened.
check jumper between
Terminal 1 & 6
Check interconnections of X-Should be
Ray Tube & Control Control side Tube Side
TS3-1 5
TS3-2 3
TS3-3 2
Check voltage at RTS-1 & 3 If not available then check according
should be 230VAC. to step 4.
If voltage is available then If not available then replace the
check the voltage at Time Current Transformer-1
Delay Card connector Pin 5 &
6 should be 30-40VAC
If available then check the If not available then replace the
output voltage at Pin 2 & 8 Transistor CK100 or Time Delay
should be 30-40VDC Card.
If output is available then For Coil open & contact miss
check the functioning of functioning
ROT3 Relay.
Rotor Interlock not Check Rotor Interlock at If available then check the loose
coming RTS-12 should be +15VDC connections at JP8 Motherboard
w.r.t. Body Ground. Card.
If not available then Check If not available then check the Time
the ROT4 Relay Coil voltage Delay function & Wire Wound
at RE3-RE5 Card connector Resistance of RE3-RE5 Card.
J2-1&2. Should be 6-8VDC.
If voltage is available then Contact miss functioning or Coil may
check the functioning of be open & Coil voltage (8.0VDC
ROT2 Relay after Time Delay) from RE3-RE5
Card J5-1 & 2.

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 If Coil voltage is not available If not available then replace the
then check the input of RE3- Current Transformer-2
RE5 Card at J4-2&3 should If available then replace the RE3-
be 6-8VAC after Time Delay RE5 Card.
If Coil voltage of ROT2 & Coil open or contact functioning
ROT4 Relays available then
check the functioning of
ROT4 Relay.
8. KV Fault is Glowing at Check Set KV Signal at CP1- If not then set the voltage with
Panel 10 of Pulse-19 Card w.r.t. to R10/R15 Pot in Motherboard Card.
Check which Fault LED Body Ground. Should be
glows at Pulse-19 Card 2.0VDC at 40KVP
In case of LD2 / LD3 If Set KV is OK then remove If not available then adjust the
the connector at Pulse-21 Resistance with CP1-1&2
Card & check the Feedback (Adjustment Pot P2)
Resistance at CP1-1&2 CP1-2&3 (Adjustment Pot P4)
should be 19.5-20.5K Ω and
at CP1-2 &3 should be 19.5-
20.5K Ω.
If Resistance is OK then There should be no fault during
check the Pulse-19 Card with exposure. If fault is coming then
testing JIG replace the Pulse-19 Card
If Pulse-19 Card is OK then Replace
the HV Tank.
In case of LD5 glows Check the mA & Stab. Adjust the Pots according to KV mA
Calibration Chart in Calibration Procedure of
Motherboard Card & Filament (mA)
Stab. Card.
Check the X-Ray Tube Rotor should rotates & tube surface
should not be golden
If X-Ray tube & calibration is Increase the resistance at IC U16-
ok then adjust the LD5 1&6 with POT-R120 in Pulse-19
calibration from Pulse-19 Card.
Card.
In case of LD4 glows Check Set KV Signal at CP1- If not then set the voltage with
10 of Pulse-19 Card w.r.t to R10/R15 Pot in Motherboard Card.
Body Ground. Should be
2.0VDC at 40KVP.
Check the Pulse-19 Card with If fault observed during exposure
testing JIG. then replace the Pulse-19 Card.
If Pulse-19 Card is OK then If not available then adjust the
check the Feedback resistance with CP1-1&2
Resistance at CP1-1&2 (Adjustment Pot P2)
should be 19.5-20.5K Ω and CP1-2&3 (Adjustment Pot P4)
at CP1-2 &3 should be 19.5-
20.5K Ω
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 If feedback resistance is OK Should be 24VDC (CP1-1 +24VDC,
then check the supply of CP1-2 0VDC)
Pulse-18 Com Card supply. If not available then check
functioning of RE1 relay & SMPS
24V 2A.
If supply is available then If glowing then remove the shield
check D10 LED in Pulse-18 wires of P1 P2 Cable (Connected at
Com Card is glowing during Output) or replace the Cable.
fault
If LD10 is not glowing then Should be 230VAC. If not available
check Input supply of then check the functioning of Delay
Inverter. contactor (CON.2).
If voltage available then Should be 280-320VDC. If not
check voltage at Capacitor available then check the HRC Fuses
Terminal of Inverter. of Inverter.
If Voltage is available on Bulb should glow during Exposure. If
Capacitor’s Terminals & not glowing then check the IGBT or
HRC Fuses are OK then replace the Inverter
remove the P1, P2 Cable from
HV Tank side & IC4049 U13 If Bulb is glowing during Exposure
from Pulse-19 Card & then replace the HV Tank.
connect the 100W 2 nos Bulb
in series at P1 P2 cable. And
check the glow during
Exposure
9. Exposure not working Check connectors of Should be tight
(Com-Rx not generated) Motherboard Card, FRC
Cables
Check fault display at Panel For FIL / TH / EF / KV Fault check
according to above trouble shooting
Or check the Interlocks at JP8
Motherboard Card.
If Fault LED are not glowing JP8-2 - Inverter Fault (Normally
then check the interlocks at 0VDC)
JP8 of Motherboard Card. JP8-3 - FIL Fault (Normally 10-
13VDC)
JP8-4 - Rotor Interlock (during
Ready 15VDC)
JP8-5 - (Full) Initial Time Delay OK
JP8-6 - Thermal Fault (Normally
15VDC)
If any voltage is not available then
check follow the trouble shooting
according to Signal

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 If all Interlocks are available If not available then replace the
then check the voltage at IC IC555. If still not available then
U18 (555) Pin 3 during replace the Transistor Q15 & Q13
Exposure w.r.t. to Body
Ground. Should be +13 -
+15V DC
If voltage is available then Pin-2, 3, 4 & 5 if available then check
check voltage at IC (U15- voltage at Pin 1 if not available then
4082) w.r.t to Body Ground replace the IC4082 (U15).
during Exposure.
If voltage is available at PIN1 If not available then check voltage at
(U15-4082) then check at Pin JP8 w.r.t. to Body Ground of
NO.10, 11 should be high Motherboard Card.
during Exposure w.r.t. Body
Ground.
If available then check at Pin If not available then check at JP8-2
12 (U15-4082) w.r.t to Body should be 0V. If 0V available then
Ground should be high replace the Transistor Q17 (BC547)
without Exposure.
If Pin No. 10, 11 & 12 of If not available then replace the U15-
U15-4082 are high then check 4082
the output at Pin No. 13
should be High (+15VDC)
during Exposure.
If Voltage is available then Should be 0V during Exposure. If not
check the voltage at U1-25 available then replace the Transistor
(89V51) w.r.t. to Body Q22 BC 547.
Ground during Exposure.
If 0VDC available then check If not available then replace the IC
the Output of IC U1-10 89V51.
during Exposure w.r.t. Body
Ground. Should be 0VDC
during Exposure (Normally
0.7V DC)
If available check Com-Rx If not available then replace the
Signal at JP6-4 of Transistor Q23 (BC547)
Motherboard Card during If available then check Com-Rx at
Exposure. CP1-9 of Pulse-19 Card.
If not available then check the For contact functioning or Coil open.
functioning of Ready Relay
(RE2)

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 Programmable Relay Setting
Sr. no:- Parameters Setting Mode Display Parameter
Limit display
1 Under Voltage Min. 360VAC

2 Over Voltage Max. 440VAC

3 Delay time for Trip for 1Sec

Voltage
4 Phase voltage 30VAC
difference limit
5 Phase difference 1Sec.
voltage trip time delay
[
6 Phase sequence Normally mode
Function off

7 Over Frequency limit 53Hz

8 Under Frequency limit 47Hz

9 Delay time for Trip for 1 Sec.

Frequency

Alpha-Numeric
Display

Green indicator
(In case of Voltage OK)
Press UP/ DN buttons for setting the
limit of parameters

Press once for changing parameters

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 SEQUENCE OF LED’S AT PULSE-19 CARD OF INVERTER.

LED NO. SIGNIFICANCES

LD1 COM-RX
LD2 KV>110%
LD3 ∆KV MAX. (FEED BACK FAULT)
LD4 MINIMUM KV FAULT
LD5 I>MAX.
LD6 COM1
LD7 COM2
LD8 PRE-RX
LD9 + 15V
LD10 - 15V

1. DURING MACHINE ON LD9 (+15V) AND LD10 (-15V) WILL GLOW INDICATES
THAT SUPPLY TO CARD IS O.K.

2. DURING EXPOSURE. THE SEQUENCE IS

LD8 LD1 LD6 LD7
WHEN EXPOSURE IS RELEASED, THEN THE OFF SEQUENCE IS
LD7 AND LD6 LD1 LD8

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13. Post Installation Instructions
1. The Party Code stickers and our Contact Numbers should be pasted on the
equipment as per the place specified.

2. Technic chart should be fixed near the machine and operator/customer should be
explained the Technic chart.

3. The Service Engineer should demonstrate the equipment to the operator. The
operator should be given training on essential Do’s and Don’ts like ---

a. Use as much of Shielding material as possible, use lead screens, lead aprons, lead
goggles and shields etc.

b. Radiation Dose should be as low as reasonably achievable.

c. Use collimators/cones and collimate radiation field to the smallest possible area.

d. Before giving an exposure for the first time in the day, try to warm up the
equipment for 10-15 minutes. For this purpose simply switch ON the machine
and leave it as it is.
4. The Equipment should be handed over to the customer. The Installation Report
should be properly filled along with the Warranty Card and required Serial Nos.

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14. Dark Room Procedures & X-Ray Film Processing
Dark Room Procedure:
To obtain the best results from the X-Ray Machine, following procedure should be observed
in Dark Room: -

2. A qualified and trained Radiographer should only be allowed to operate the

X-Ray Equipment.
3. Dark Room should be totally dark and no light should enter in the room.
4. Loading and unloading of films in the cassette should be done only in Dark Room under
standard safe light.
5. Films should be stored in Dry and Dark place.
6. The Intensifying screens should be handled with care and wet finger marks of any
chemicals should not touch the screens.
7. The Developer and the Fixer solutions should always be covered and preferably new
solutions to be prepared after every 2 Months or after 250 films.
8. The Temperature of Developer and Fixer to be maintained between 25 to 30 Degrees.
9. Solutions should be stirred with wooden stick each time films are dipped. Separate
wooden sticks, each for developer and fixer should be used.

X-Ray Film Processing:

1. Open the exposed cassette in the Dark Room.
2. Take out the exposed film and fix it in the hanger of suitable size.
3. Dip the film in the Developer. After about 15 seconds take out the film from the
Developer to visually observe the Developing status. Dip it again and take out to
monitor the development as frequently as possible.
4. Take out the film from the Developer tank after it is fully developed.
5. Dip the film in water to rinse all traces of developer on the film.
6. After proper rinsing, dip the film in the fixer. Let it be dipped in fixer for 5 Minutes.
7. Dip the film in running water to rinse and remove all the fixer from the film.
8. Dry the film either in open place or in film drier.

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15. Radiation Monitoring & Protection

15.1 Personnel Monitoring

Personnel monitoring is the evaluation of radiation doses received by the personnel working
with radiation.
The most commonly used personnel monitoring device is the film badge which consists of a
personnel monitoring film (PM Film) kept in cassette containing a set of filters. With film
badge, a wide range of doses from 10 mRem to 1000 Rem of different types of radiation can be
evaluated. The film serves as a permanent record and if worn on chest, gives the most
representative value of whole body dose under normal working conditions.
The radiation dose received by radiation worker can also be determined by the use of
Thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) badge. This consists of three CaSO4:Dy TLD discs
embedded in a metallic frame work and enclosed in a multi filter cassette. The TLD badge can
be used to monitor Beta, Gamma and X-Ray radiations. The TLD badge can cover a wide range
of doses from 10 mRem to 1000 Rem.
In addition to PM Film & TLD Badge, radiation dose to personnel can also be assessed by
pocket dosimeters. Pocket dosimeters are very useful in certain operations, where the radiation
levels vary considerable and may be quite hazardous. They give on the spot check of radiation
doses.
It is always advisable that personnel handling the X-Ray machine should use TLD badges, PM
Films or other devices like Pocket Dosimeters to monitor the absorbed dose within the safe
limits.

15.2 Radiation Protection Accessories

It is advisable to all personnel handling X-Ray machines to use following radiation protection
accessories:

Lead Goggles
Protective Barrier
Lead Apron
Lead Gloves
Thyroid Shield
Gonad Shield

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16. Preventive Maintenance Procedure
Preventive Maintenance of any equipment is very important to keep it in proper working
condition through out its life span. Timely and proper Preventive Maintenance not only
increases the life of the equipment, but it reduces the down time, hence savings on otherwise
expensive repairs. We must therefore try to be disciplined as far as the time schedule and the
procedure for carrying out the P.M. is concerned. The details given below would give guidelines
of P.M. procedure. P.M on all the equipments must be performed every 4 months i.e.: thrice a
year.

For optimum output of the equipment we should start writing the voltage drop during exposure
at Average working KVP Time and mA settings. This record at the time of installation itself can
be mentioned on the Machine History Card. The date and month of Installation would help us
actually know the extent of voltage drop as our experience suggests that during the summer
season; the voltage drop is on the higher side. During P.M the Voltage drop can be checked with
the reference value and is noted. Any increase in Voltage Drop would thus be noticed and line
checked for any loose connections etc. in the mains switch/pole etc.

Inform customer in advance about your visit preferably through a letter/ telephone and agree for
a convenient time and date.

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17. Preventive Maintenance Checkpoints
The following preventive maintenance procedure may be adopted for carrying out all P.M. on
the X-Ray Equipments.

A). GENERAL:
Whenever visiting for any Preventive Maintenance, please ensure to carry all the Tools, Meters,
Grease, Lubricants, Machine History Card and consumables like the dusters, polish etc. Please
make sure that your Multimeter is calibrated with a Standard Meter lying in your Branch Office.

1. On reaching the Customer’s site enquire from Operator/Doctor for any specific
problems they are facing with the equipment.

2. Rectify first the problems as indicated by the customer and then proceed as under for
carrying out the Preventive Maintenance

B). PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE PROCEDURE (ELECTRICAL)

1. Before attempting to carry out the P.M. switch ON the equipment and check the working
of the Machine electrically and mechanically. Observe for any flaws, which should be
rectified during the course of P.M.

2. Observe all the Electrical/Mechanical/Radiation precautions while performing the P.M.

3. Switch OFF the Main Switch, open the cover and tighten any loose contacts/screws.
Also check the fuse wire Rating and it must comply with the Rating of the equipment in
operation.

4. Open the control panel cover. Keeping the Machine in “OFF” condition tighten all the
screws on the Terminal Blocks/Resistance Taps etc.

5. Check the rating of all the Glass Fuses and replace if necessary.

6. Open cover of ON/OFF & Delay Contactors and check that contacts are not worn out or
burnt & should be clean. Check the operation of the X-Ray contactor. It should not be
sticky.
7. Check Calibration as per calibration procedure.

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C) MECHANICAL

1. Check all the movements of Tube Head, Tube Stand and Tables. Check for functioning
of all locks and ensure that all movements are smooth and noiseless. Specially check for
Vertical Carriage Up/Down Movement. Rectify wherever required. Remove old grease
with cloth and apply fresh grease on all movement areas (wherever applicable).

2. Open the Table Top and brush out all the dust settled on the Grid and on the Bucky
Motor Area. Clean, apply lubricant and check the Bucky play, it’s lock and tighten all
nuts/bolts/screws in the Table.

3. You must ensure that the alignment of the Center Ray of Light Beam diaphragm
matches with the Table center and Bucky center (Adjust if required).

4. In case of the Motorized Table check the working of following:

a. SFD Movements
b. Table Movements
c. Functioning of the limit switches at the Horizontal and the Vertical positions
d. Check the functioning of the Safety micro switches
e. Check the functioning of the Electromagnetic Locks, prep switch, Hand Switch
and the change over switch.
f. The movement of the Table
g. Functioning of the Motorized collimator shutters from SFD. Adjust if required.
5. Now check for Air Bubbles in Tube Head and ensure that all wires/cables on Tube Head
are tight. Check for bellow condition and any oil leakage. Ensure that the gap between
mA & G Plate is maintained at 2mm.

D) X-RAY / LIGHT BEAM/ ALIGNMENT

1. Check and perform X-Ray/ Light Beam Alignment.
2. Check the LBD Bulb’s mounting and orientation. Incase LBD Bulb’s are fusing quite
often check the voltage if the voltage supply is on the higher side, reduce input voltage
to LBD Bulb.
3. Check the smooth movement of the LBD Shutters.

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E) CLEANING POUSHING
1. Clean the machine with dry cloth and for the stubborn stains, use cleaning agent and
polish. Do not allow any liquids to step in the control and other Electrical Areas.

F) DARK ROOM
Check the Dark Room and its accessories for the following:
1. No light leakage in the Dark Room.
2. Safe light is of proper intensity.
3. Films used should not be beyond the expired dates.
4. Cassette locks are not loose.
5. Screen Quality should be OK and no staining of the screens.
6. Developer and the fixer are fresh and their temperature is maintained properly.
7. Wooden sticks are available for stirring of the Developer and fixer.
8. Radiographer/Operator is trained to handle Dark Room Accessories.

G) GENERAL

1. Enquire if radiographer/Operator needs any training for use of equipment & impart if
necessary.
2. Handover Equipment to customer.
3. Explain/show equipment to customer, apprise him of jobs undertaken.
4. Fill Machine History Cards and get the card/report signed from customer.
5. Inform tentative date of next Preventive Maintenance.

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