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AS and A Level Maths Formulae Sheet
Shapes Trigonometry Calculus (Differentiation and Integration) Continued
Area of Triangle ! Sine Rule 1 6 8 (W
x base x height Finding a side: 2345 = 2347 = 2349 Turning/Stationary Points Solve = 0
" (6
Area of Parallelogram base x height Finding an angle:
:;! 5 :;! 7
= 6 =
:;! 9 (Max/Min)
1 8 ! !

Area of Rectangle !"#$%ℎ × ()*%ℎ inding a side: +. = C + < − 2C< cos T

. . Proving whether ! " ! "
If !# > 0 min and !# < 0 max
Cosine Rule ! !

! 6#/8 #"1# Max/Min !"

Or can do sign change test for !# using number line
Area of Trapezoid (sum of parallel sides) x height Finding an angle:T = cos"# 8 .68 9 #
" Points of Inflection solve
( W
=0
Circumference & Area: Circle , = 2/0, 2 = /0 " Area of Triangle 1 (6 #
+CUV0W
Increasing/Decreasing
!"
Cuboid Surface area 32 = 245 + 247 + 257 2 To find where Increasing: solve !# > 0
< #=*
Where 4, 5, 8#* 7 are side lengths Degrees ⟷ radians D to R: × #=* R to D: × (use number line to solve) To find where decreasing: solve !# < 0
!"

<
Cuboid Volume 9 = 457 Length of an arc >
× 2Y5 (degrees) or 5Z (radians) Convex/Concave To find where concave up/convex: solve !# ! > 0
!!"

?@*
where 4, 5, 8#* 7 are side lengths > # . (use number line to solve) To find where concave down/concave: solve !# ! < 0
!!"

Area of a Sector × Y5 . (degrees) or 5 Z (radians)

?@* . Tangents and Normals [ − [$ = ^(_ − _$ )
Cylinder Surface Area 32 = 2/0ℎ + 2/0 " Differentiate to get ^ (tangent means ∥, Normal means ⊥)
Small Angle Approximations sin Z ≈ Z
Note: Curved part: 2/0ℎ Z. Implicit “every time we differentiate a [ we write !# "
!"

Cylinder Volume 9 = /0 " ℎ cos Z ≈ 1 −

2 Area between
#%&
curve & _ c_de: ∫#%' [ h_ curve & [ axis: ∫"%' _ h[
"%&

Cone Surface Area 32 = /0! + /0 " tan Z ≈ Z (take + answer if neg)

Note: Curved part: /0! Pythagorean identity 1 UV0. @ + <NU . @ = 1 #%&
Between 2 curves: ∫#%' (top curve-bottom curve)h_
where ! is slant length Remember to split up if separate areas
Cone Volume 1 Pythagorean identity 2 1 + :+0.@ = U]< .@ Kinematics: - -
9 = /0 " ℎ Distance=∫- # |Ç(:)|É:, Displacement=∫- # Ç(:)É:
3 Pythagorean identity 3 1 + <N: .@ = <NU]< .@ (
- H2
(
Velocity: ∫- # +(:)É: or H-
Sphere Surface Area 32 = 4/0 " Cofunction cos @ = sin(90 − @) (
HR H# 2
Note: Hemisphere= 2/0 " + /0 " = 3/0 " sin @ = cos (90 − @) Acceleration= H-
= H- #
4 Identity of bcd S sin @
Sphere Volume tan @ =
= = /0 # cos @ Differentiation 1st h[ i(_ + ℎ) − i(_)
3 # # # = i ( (_) = lim
" Reciprocal sec @ = AB: C , csc @ = :;! C, cot @ = D$! C Principles h_ )→+ ℎ
Note: Hemisphere= /0 #
# h[ h[ hp
Chain Rule [ = o(p), p = i(_) ⟹ = ×
Prism Volume 9 =Area of cross section x height Double Angle sin 2@ = 2 sin @ cos @ h_ hp h_
Pyramid Volume 1 <NU2@ = <NU .@ − UV0.@ Product Rule h[
[ = pt ⟹=p
ht
+t
hp
9 = × >8?" 80"8 × ℎ = 2 cos. @ − 1 ⟹ cos. @ =
AB: .C/# h_ h_ h_
3 . Quotient rule hp ht
1 − cos 2@ p h[ t h_ − p h_
Indices = 1 − 2 sin. Z ⟹ sin. @ = [= ⟹
t h_
=
t,
Multiplication 4 $ × 4 % = 4 $&% 2 • @ 4 ⟹ 0@ 4"#
. D$! C Derivatives
tan 2@ = #"-14# C 4 4"#
(4 $ )% = 4 $% • ÑD(@)Ö ⇒ 0ÑD(@)Ö D Q (@)
(,4 $ 5 % )( = , ( 4 $( 5 %( Half Angle C #"AB: C C AB: C/# IQ(C)
UV0 . = ±` <NU . = ±` • lnÑD(@)Ö ⇒
Division 4$ . . I(C)
4 $ ÷ 4 % = % = 4 $)% • sin D(@) ⇒ D Q(@) cos D(@)
4 @ 1 − <NU@ 1 − <NU@ UV0 @
:+0 = ±a = = • cos D(@) ⇒ −D Q (@) sin D(@)
Negative Powers 1 2 1 + <NU @ UV0@ 1 + <NU @
4 )* = * • ] I(C) ⇒ D Q (@)] I(C)
4 Compound Angle sin(T ± b) = sin T cos b ± cos T sin b • + I(C) ⇒ D Q(@) + I(C) ln +
Fractions 4 * 4* • tan D(@) ⇒ D Q (@) sec . D(@)
C D = * <NU(T ± b) = <NUT<NUb ∓ UV0TUV0b
5 5 • sec D(@) ⇒ D Q(@) sec D(@) tan D(@)
4 )* 5* D$! 5±D$! 7
:+0(T ± b) = #∓D$! 5 D$! 7 • <NU]< D(@) ⇒ −D Q (@)<NU]< D(@) cot D(@)
C D = * • cot D(@) ⇒ −D Q (@)<U< .D(@)
5 4 Factor Formula: sum to product UV0T + UV0b ≡ 2UV0 8 . 9 <NU 8 . 9
5/7 5"7
I)(C)
Rational Powers ! * Note: For product t to sum re- • sin"# D(@) ⇒
(8+ )* = F √8H T+b T−b
!
* S#"TI(C)U#
8+ =E =&> =)> UV0T − UV0b ≡ 2<NU e f UV0 e f
! arrange and let and 2 2 I) (C)
! " " cos"# D(@) ⇒ −
(8* )+ = √8* equal your given angles and
5/7 5"7
<NUT + <NUb ≡ 2<NU 8 . 9 <NU 8 . 9 •
S#"TI(C)U#
Series solve for A and B simultaneously <NUT − <NUb ≡ −2UV0 8 . 9 UV0 8
5/7 5"7
9 I) (C)
Arithmetic sequence: u! = a + (n − 1)d . • tan"# D(@)) ⇒ #
g #/TI(C)U
IJK term where + =first term, d= common diff g I)(C)
Vectors: 2D vectors 8h9 year 1 and 3D vectors ihk year 2 • sec "# D(@) ⇒
Arithmetic sequence: n 0 j #
I(C)STI(C)U "#
S! = [2a + (n − 1)d] = (+ + 1) +
sum of n terms 2 2 Vector Form I) (C)
where + =first term, d= common diff, +l + Cm + <n ≡ iCk • <NU]< "# D(@) ⇒ −
#
< I(C)STI(C)U "#
1=last term
Properties " ( "±( " -" I)(C)
Geometric sequence: u! = ar !"# • cot "# D(@) ⇒ − #
!# % ± ' ) + = ' # ± ) + - !#% = '-# + #/TI(C)U
IJK term where + =first term, r= common ratio (addition/subtraction, $ * $±* $ -$ Integrals 4 C*+(
$(#"&") $(&""#) multiplication and scalar " ( • ∫ @ É@ = 4/# + <, 0 ≠ −1
Geometric sequence: S! = = r≠1 , # #
#"& &"# product) !# % . ' ) + = "( + #) + $* • ∫ ,C É@ = V ln|@| + <
sum of n terms where + =first term, r= common ratio $ *
#
Geometric sequence: $
S( = #"& , |5| < 1 (last formula not in syllabus but useful to know) • ∫ sin ;@ É@ = − V cos ;@ + <
Sum to infinity Magnitude of a vector + #
where + =first term, r= common ratio • ∫ cos ;@ É@ = V sin ;@ + <
,-
oiCko = √+. + C. + < . #
Compound Interest FV = PV81 + #** ,9
)
< • ∫ ] ,C É@ = , ] ,C + <
1
FV=future value Unit Vector Unit vector of e6f =
1 #
86 9 •
#
∫ +,C É@ = VW! 1 +,C + <
8 G1#/6#/8 # <
PV=present value ? B 1/H 6/0 8/I •
#
∫ sec . ;@ É@ = V tan ;@ + <
:=no. of years Midpoint ef C@D and CC D 8 . , . , . 9
#
5=nominal annual interest rate
A D • ∫ sec ;@ tan ;@ É@ = , sec ;@ + <
Scalar Product " ( " ( #
; =no. of compounding periods per year !# %.' ) +=0!# %0 1' ) +1 $234 • ∫ cosec ;@ cot ;@ É@ = − V cosec ;@ + <
Binomial Theorem: (8 + >)* (not in syllabus but useful to $ * $ * #
• ∫ cosec . ;@ É@ = − , cot ;@ + <
integer powers =8* + F*!H8*)! > + ⋯ + F*,H8*), >, +…+>* know) " ( #
where, Z is the angle between !#% and ' ) + • ∫ U]< ;@ É@ = , ln| sec ;@ + tan ;@| + <
Binomial Theorem: (8 + >)* $ * #
• ∫ <NU]< ;@ É@ = − , ln|<NU]<;@ + cot ;@|+c
Fractional & Negative % *(*)!) % " Angle Between 2 vectors 1 H
= 8* C1 + # M N + M$N + ⋯D J6K.M 0 N # # 6C
powers $ "! This is just a re-arrangement of 8 I
Z = cos"# q 1 H r • ∫ G1# #
É@ = 6 sin"# 8 1 9 + <
"(6C)
Binomial Coefficient 0 0! above. OJ6 KOPM 0 NP # # "# 6C
8 9 = 0<) = 8 I • ∫ É@ = 6 cos 8 1 9 + <
5 (0 − 5)! 5! "G1#"(6C)#
(not in syllabus but useful to # # 6C
Geometry know) • ∫ 1#/(6C)# É@ = 16 tan"# 8 1 9 + <
H hp hp
Straight Line: Equation • Slope intercept form: 5 = Q4 + , Vector Equation of a line 1
5 = e6f + s 8I0 9 Integration by parts up h_ = pt − u t h_
h_ h_
(gradient means slope) • General form: 84 + >5 + * = 0 (not in syllabus but useful to 8
ℎ
Trapezium Rule [? + 2(?#/?./??/?X + ⋯ ) + ?4 ]
Parallel⟹ same slope • Point slope form: 5 − 5! = Q(4 − 4! ) know) %)$ 2 *
Perpendicular⟹ “flip h= #
Probability and Statistics *K+%L, 8F ON,IPO Simply put, . ℎ[1U: ? + 2(>VÉÉ1] ? Q U) + 1+U:?]
fraction and change the sign” Mean ∑6 ∑ F6 I(C )
If no frequency: 4̅ = , If frequency: 4̅ = ∑ Newton Raphson For solving D(@) = 0: @4/# = @4 − IQ(C* )
(slopes multiply to make −1) * F *

Straight Line: Gradient ?." ?# Variance ∑ 6# ∑(6)G)#

Functions
>= If no frequency: h" = − 4̅ " =
@." @# * *
∑ F6 # ∑ F(6)G)# Inverse Replace D(@) with ?, swap @ & ?, solve for ?
Distance between 2 points A(@." @#) + (?." ?# ).
. If frequency: h " = − 4̅ " =
∑F ∑F Composite DO(@) means plug O(@) into D(@)
(S0 , T0 ), (S1 , T1 ) Note: can also use the formula
2&&
@#/@. ?#/?. 4 Odd and Even Functions Even: D(−@) = D(@) Odd: D(−@) = −D(@)
Coordinates of midpoint of 8 , 9
2 2 Standard Deviation h = √=80)8#," Transformations a=vertical stretch sf +, b=horizontal stretch sf 6
#
(S0 , T0 ), (S1 , T1 ) # +D(C@ + <) + É
(@ − +). + (? − C). = 5 .
iHH ∑(4I − 4̅ )" = ∑ 4I" −
(∑ 6' ) c=translation c units x direction, d=translation d
Circles * “anything in a bracket affects
centre (+, C), radius 5 units in y direction
Probability of event A k(2) =
*(=)
=
*K+%L, 8F F$M8K,$%7L 8KN58+LO @ and does the opposite”
D(−@)=reflcn in ? +@VU, − D(@)=reflcn in ? +@VU
Quadratics *(J) *K+%L, 8F P8OOI%7L 8KN58+LO
][/Z
Linear: â = äã + j Rational: â = \[/^ + ë
Quadratic Function: )%±√%#)4$5 Complementary Events P(A’)=1−P(A) i.e. probabilities add to 1
4= ,8 ≠0 Domain: x∈ ℝ H
Solutions to "$ Combined Events (Addition Rule) P(A∪B)=P(A)+P(B)−P(A ∩ B) Range: y∈ ℝ Domain: x∈ ℝ, @ ≠ − 8 (hint:denom≠0)
1
US1 + VS + W = X Mutually Exclusive Events P(A ∩ B) = 0 Quadratic: â = ±g(hã + j)Y+ d Range: y∈ ℝ, ? ≠ 8 + ]
Quadratic Function: C Addition rule becomes: P(A∪B)=P(A)+P(B) Domain: x∈ ℝ H 1
D(@) = @ . + C@ + < ⟹ @ = − Asymptotes: @ = − 8 , ? = 8 + ]
Axis of Symmetry 2+ Independent Events P(A ∩ B) = P(A)P(B) Range: ? ≥ É if min, ? ≤ É if max
Addition rule becomes:P(A∪B)=P(A)+P(B)−P(A)P(B) Note: often + and or ] are zero
Quadratic Function: ∆= C. − 4+< Exponential: â = gëZ[/\ + í
To find whether independent: Find P(A), P(B) and Trigonometry:â = gñlî(hã + j)+d
• > 0 (2 real distinct roots) Domain: x∈ ℝ (Hint: power of exp can
Discriminant P(A ∩ B) and see whether the former 2 multiply to â = gjóñ(hã + j)+d
• = 0 (2real repeated/double roots) be anything, so no restriction)
make the latter or show that P(AIb) = Ä(T) Domain: @ ∈ ℝ
• < 0 (no real roots) Range: ? > É if + > 0, ? < É if + < 0
Range: −+ + É ≤ ? ≤ + + É
Conditional P(AIq) =
Q(R∩T) (Hint: exp can’t be zero)
Completing The Square > " >" “A given B” U(>) Asymptote: ? = É
Note: If asked to find values of a,b,c d
US1 ± VS + W = X 8 C4 ± D +,− If independent: P(AIq) = k(2) + = amplitude=
_$` a"_;! a

28 48 Logarithm: â = gìî(hã + j)+d .
Max/Min Value >" Bayes Theorem
Ä(T|b) =
Ä(b|T)Ä(T) 8
Domain: @ > − 6 (Hint: 10 can’t take
.<
C = b0)3cH or b0)3cH
?@*
,− Ä(b|T)Ä(T) + Ä(b|TQ )Ä(TQ)
48 a neg number so C@ + < > 0) É = principal axis=
_$` a/_;! a
Exponential and Logarithmic 8 = " 6 7*$ ,
6 Binomial Distribution 4~q(#, t) Range: y ∈ ℝ .
Binompd (=) E(X)=Mean= #t, Var(X)= #t(1 − t) 8 < =phase shift (plug in point to find)
Functions ![$$ 8 6 = 4 = 8789$ 4 Asymptote: @ = − 6 Trigonometry:â = gògî(hã + j)+d
where, 8, 4 > 0, 8 ≠ 1 Binomcd (≤) P(u = 4) = F*6Ht 6 (1 − t)6 <
Root: â = g√hã + j + í: Domain: @ ∈ ℝ, @ ≠ . + 0Y
Exponentials & Logarithm • , ![$$ > ⟺ ![$$ >5 Normal Distribution 4~v(w, h " ) 8
Domain: @ ≥ − 6 (Hint: underneath
6)G Range:−∞ ≤ ? ≤ ∞
Rules` • log $ > = , ⟺ 85 = >, 8, >, > 0,8 ≠ 1 Normcd (given x, want prob) Standardised variable 7 = root must be positive so b@ + < ≥0) Inverse trig: â = ñlî"dã
V
• log $ > + log $ , ⟺ log $ >, Invnorm (given prob, want x) Range: ? ≥ É if + > 0 and ? ≤ É if Domain: −1 ≤ @ ≤ 1
% < <
• log $ > − log $ , ⟺ log $ Interquartile Range IQR= x# − x! a<0 Range: − . ≤ @ ≤ .
5
:;<% % Outliers Any values Modulus â = g|hã + j| + í: Inverse trig: â = jóñ"dã
• log $ > ⟺ Domain: @ ∈ ℝ
:;<% $ > UQ + 1.5(IQR) or < LQ − 1.5(IQR) Domain: −1 ≤ @ ≤ 1
• Solving a power of @: log both sides if 2 Range: ? ≥ É : ? ≥ É if + > 0 and ? ≤ Range: 0 ≤ @ ≤ Y
terms or use substitution if 3 terms Mechanics É if + <0 Inverse trig: â = ògî"dã
SUVAT K&M ! @, @ ≥ 0
• Solving an exponential : ln both sides = = Å + 8% ? = M N% ? = Å% + 8% " Note: Definition of |@| = ï Domain: −∞ ≤ @ ≤ ∞
(5 formulae) " " −@, @ < 0
• Solving a logarithm: raise e both sides or ! " " "
<
Range: − . < @ < .
<
? = =% − 8% = = Å + 28? © MyMathsCloud
write as log 0 as procced as usual for 1NO "