Dr. B. R.

AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY-SRIKAKULAM
B.Com. (COMPUTER APPLICATIONS) SYLLABUS
STRUCTURE UNDER CHOICE BASED CREDITS SYSTEM
REVIEWED SYLLUBUS w.e.f. 2016-17

Structure of Syllabus

Semester –I
Mid. Sem.
Sl. Total Teaching
Course Name of the subject Sem. End Credits
No. Marks Hours**
Exam* Exam
1. First Language English 100 25 75 4 3
2. Second Language (Telugu/Hindi/Urdu/Sanskrit) 100 25 75 4 3
3. Foundation Course Human Values & 50 --- 50 2 2
-1 Professional Ethics (HVPE)
4. Foundation Environmental Studies 50 --- 50 2 2
Course- 2
5. DSC 1 A Accounting-I 100 25 75 5 4
6. DSC 2 A Business Organization & 100 25 75 5 4
Management.
7. DSC 3 A Computer Fundamentals & 100 25 75 5 4
Photoshop

Total 600 125 475 27 22

* At the college (The marks split between formal test and co-curricular activities may be decided by the
University concerned)
** Syllabus size shall be in accordance with the No. of teaching hours.

Semester – II

Mid. Sem.
Sl. Total Teaching
Course Name of the subject Sem. End Credits
No. Marks Hours**
Exam* Exam
1. First English 4 3
100 25 75
Language
2. Second (Tel/Hindi/Urdu/Sans) 4 3
100 25 75
Language
3. Foundation Information & Communication
50 --- 50 2 2
Course -3A Technology-1
4. Foundation Communication & Soft Skills-1
50 --- 50 2 2
Course- 4 A
5. DSC 1 B Accounting-II 100 25 75 5 4
6. DSC 2 B Business Economics 100 25 75 5 4
7. DSC 3 B Enterprise Resource Planning 100 25 75 5 4
Total 600 125 475 27 22
 SEMESTER - I
DSC 1A - Accounting-I

Unit-I – Introduction to Accounting

Need for Accounting – Definition – Objectives, Advantages – Book keeping and Accounting–
Accounting concepts and conventions - Accounting Cycle - Classification of Accounts and its
rules - Double Entry Book-keeping - Journalization - Posting to Ledgers, Balancing of ledger
Accounts (problems).

Unit –II: Subsidiary Books:

Types of Subsidiary Books - Cash Book, Three-column Cash Book- Petty cash Book (Problems).

Unit-III: Trail Balance and Rectification of Errors:

Preparation of Trail balance - Errors – Meaning – Types of Errors – Rectification of Errors

(Problems)

Unit-IV- Bank Reconciliation Statement:

Need for bank reconciliation - Reasons for difference between Cash Book and Pass Book
Balances- Preparation of Bank Reconciliation Statement- Problems on both favorable and
unfavorable balances.

Unit -V: Final Accounts:

Preparation of Final Accounts: Trading account – Profit and Loss account – Balance Sheet – Final
Accounts with adjustments (Problems).

References:

1. T.S.Reddy & A. Murthy, Financial Accounting , Margham Publications

2. R L Gupta & V. K Gupta, Principles and Practice of Accounting, Sultan Chand & Sons
3. S.P. Jain & K.L Narang, Accountancy-I, Kalyani Publishers
4. Tulasian, Accountancy -I, Tata McGraw Hill Co.
5. V.K.Goyal, Financial Accounting, Excel Books
6. K. Arunjyothi, Fundamentals of Accounting; Maruthi Publications
 DSC 2 A - Business Organization and Management

Unit-I: Introduction:

Concepts of Business, Trade , Industry and Commerce – Features of Business -Trade

Classification - Aids to Trade – Industry – Classification – Relationship among Trade,
Industry and Commerce.

Unit-II: Forms of Business Organizations:

Forms of Business Organization: Sole Proprietorship, Joint Hindu Family Firm, Partnership firm,
Joint Stock Company, Cooperative Society; Choice of Form of Organization. Government -
Business Interface; Public Sector Enterprises (PSEs) - Multinational Corporations (MNCs).

Unit-III: Joint Stock Company:

Company Incorporation: Preparation of important Documents for incorporation of Company –

Memorandum of Association – Articles of Association – Differences between Memorandum of
Association and Articles of Association - Prospectus and its contents - Companies Act, 2013.

Unit-IV: Management and Organization:

Process of Management: Planning; Decision-making; Organizing: Line and Staff - Staffing -

Directing and Controlling; Delegation and Decentralization of Authority.

Unit-V: Functional Areas of Management:

Production - Manufacturing - Make in India - Marketing Management: Marketing Concept;

Marketing Mix; Product Life Cycle; Pricing Policies and Practices. Financial Management:
Objectives; Sources and Forms of Funds – Human Resource Management: Functions.

Suggested Readings:

1. Kaul, V.K., Business Organization and Management, Pearson Education, New Delhi.
2. Chhabra, T.N., Business Organization and Management, Sun India Publications, New Delhi.
3. Koontz and Weihrich, Essentials of Management, McGraw Hill Education.
4. Basu, C. R., Business Organization and Management, McGraw Hill Education.
5. Jim, Barry, John Chandler, Heather Clark; Organization and Management, Cengage Learning.
6. Allen, L.A., Management and Organization; McGraw Hill, New York.
7. R.K.Sharma and Shashi K Gupta, Business Organization - Kalyani Publications.
8. C.B.Guptha, Industrial Organization and Management, Sultan Chand.
9. Y.K.Bushan, Business organization and Management, Sultan Chand.
10. Sherlekar, Business Organization and Management, Himalaya Publications.
 DSC 3 A- Computer Fundamentals & Photoshop

Unit-I: Introduction to Computers:

Characteristics and limitations of Computer, Block diagram of computer, types of computers,

uses of computers, computer generations. Number systems: binary, hexa and octal numbering
system- Windows basics: desktop, start menu, icons – Recent Developments – Cloud Server.

Unit-II: Input and Output Devices:

Keyboard and mouse, inputting data in other ways, Types of Software: system software,
Application software, commercial, open source, domain and free ware software, Memories:
primary, secondary and cache memory.

Unit –III: Introduction to Adobe Photoshop:

Getting started with Photoshop, creating and saving a document in Photoshop, page layout and
back ground, Photoshop program window-title bar, menu bar, option bar, image window, image
title bar, status bar, ruler, pallets, tool box, screen modes, saving files, reverting files, closing
files.

Unit –IV: Images:

Working with images, image size and resolution, image editing, color modes and adjustments,
Zooming & Panning an Image, Rulers, Guides & Grids- Working with Tool box: Practice
Sessions.

Unit-V: Layers:

Working with layers- layer styles- opacity-adjustment layers. Filters: The filter menu, Working
with filters- Editing your photo shoot, presentation –how to create ads, artistic filter, blur filter,
brush store filter, distort filters, noice filters, pixelate filters, light effects, difference clouds,
sharpen filters, printing.

Reference Books:

1. Reema Thareja, Fundamentals of Computers, Oxford University Press

2. Adobe Creative Team, Adobe Photoshop Class Room in a Book.
3. David Maxwell, Photoshop: Beginner's Guide for Photoshop - Digital Photography, Photo
Editing, Color Grading & Graphic...19 February 2016.
 SEMESTER - II
DSC 1B – Accounting-II

Unit-I: Depreciation

Meaning of Depreciation - Methods of Depreciation: Straight line – Written down Value – Sum
of the Years' Digits - Annuity and Depletion (Problems).

Unit-II: Provisions and Reserves

Meaning – Provision vs. Reserve – Preparation of Bad debts Account – Provision for Bad and
doubtful debts – Provision for Discount on Debtors – Provision for discount on creditors -
Repairs and Renewals Reserve A/c (Problems).

Unit-III: Bills of Exchange

Meaning of Bill –Features of bill – Parties in the Bill – Discounting of Bill – Renewal of Bill –
Entries in the books of Drawer and Drawee (Problems).

Unit-IV: Consignment Accounts

Consignment - Features - Proforma invoice - Account sales – Del-credre Commission -

Accounting treatment in the books of consigner and consignee - Valuation of closing stock -
Normal and Abnormal losses (Problems).

Unit-V: Joint Venture Accounts

Joint venture - Features - Differences between Joint-venture and consignment – Accounting

procedure - Methods of keeping records (Problems).

Reference Books:
1. R.L. Gupta & V.K. Gupta, Principles and Practice of Accounting, S.Chand & Co.
2. T. S. Reddy and A. Murthy, Financial Accounting, Margham Publications.

3. S.P. Jain & K.L Narang, Accountancy-I, Kalyani Publishers.

4. Tulsan, Accountancy-I, Tata McGraw Hill Co.
5. V.K. Goyal, Financial Accounting, Excel Books
6. T.S. Grewal, Introduction to Accountancy, Sultan Chand & Co.
7. Haneef and Mukherjee, Accountancy-I, Tata McGraw Hill
8. Arulanandam, Advanced Accountancy, Himalaya Publishers
9. S.N.Maheshwari & V.L.Maheswari, Advanced Accountancy-I, Vikas Publishers.
 DSC 2 B - Business Economics
Unit-I- Introduction:

Meaning and Definitions of Business Economics - Nature and scope of Business Economics-
Micro and Macro Economics and their Interface.

Unit-II- Demand Analysis:

Definition - Determinants of Demand -- Demand function – Law of demand- Demand Curve -

Exceptions to Law of Demand - Elasticity of Demand – Types of Elasticity of Demand –
Measurements of Price elasticity of Demand – Total outlay Method – Point Method – Arc
Method.

Unit – III: Cost and Revenue Analysis

Classification of Costs – Total - Average – Marginal; Cost function – Long-run – Short-run –

Total Revenue - Average revenue – Marginal Revenue - Production and Costs: Techniques of
Maximization of output, Minimization of costs and Maximization of profit - Scale of production
- Economies and Dis-economies of Scale - Cobb-Douglas Production Function.

Unit-IV: Market Structure:

Concept of Market - Market structure - Perfect competition -characteristics - equilibrium price -

Monopoly- characteristics - Defects of Monopoly – Distinction between Perfect competition and
Monopoly - Monopolistic Competition - Characteristics - Product differentiation - Oligopoly -
characteristics - Price rigidity - Kinked Demand Curve.

Unit-V: National Income and Economic Systems:

National Income - Measurement - GDP - Growth Rates - Problems in Assessment - Economic

Systems - Socialism - Mixed Economic System - Free Market Economy - Economic
liberalization, Privatization, Globalization - Free Trade - Agreements - Trade cycles - Phases -
International Trade - Balance of payments.

References:

1. S.Sankaran, Business Economics, Margham Publications, Chennai.

2. Business Economics - Kalyani Publications.
3. Business Economics – Himalaya Publishing House.
4. Aryasri and Murthy Business Economics , Tata McGraw Hill.
5. Aryasri and Murthy, Business Economics, Tata McGraw Hill
6. H.L Ahuja, Business Economics, Sultan Chand & Sons
7. Mankiw, Principles of Economics, Cengage Publications
8. Mithani, Fundamentals of Business Economics, Himalaya Publishing House
9. A.V. R. Chary, Business Economics, Kalyani Publishers, Hyderabad.
 DSC 3B: Enterprise Resource Planning

Unit-I: Introduction:

Overview of enterprise systems – Evolution - Risks and benefits - Fundamental technology -

Issues to be consider in planning design and implementation of cross functional integrated ERP
systems.

Unit- II: ERP Solutions and Functional Modules:

Overview of ERP software solutions- Small, medium and large enterprise vendor solutions,
BPR and best business practices - Business process Management, Functional modules.

Unit-III: ERP Implementation:

Planning Evaluation and selection of ERP systems - Implementation life cycle - ERP
implementation, Methodology and Frame work- Training – Data Migration - People
Organization in implementation-Consultants, Vendors and Employees.

Unit-IV: Post Implementation:

Maintenance of ERP- Organizational and Industrial impact; Success and Failure factors of ERP
Implementation.

Unit-V: Emerging Trends on ERP:

Extended ERP systems and ERP add-ons -CRM, SCM, Business analytics - Future trends in
ERP systems-web enabled, Wireless technologies, cloud computing.

References:

1. Alexis Leon, ERP demystified, second Edition Tata McGraw-Hill, 2008.

2. Sinha P. Magal and Jeffery Word, Essentials of Business Process and Information System,
Wiley India, 2012

3. Jagan Nathan Vaman, ERP in Practice, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2008

4. Alexis Leon, Enterprise Resource Planning, second edition, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2008.

5. Mahadeo Jaiswal and Ganesh Vanapalli, ERP Macmillan India, 2009

6. Vinod Kumar Grag and N.K. Venkitakrishnan, ERP- Concepts and Practice, PHI, 2006.

7. Summer, ERP, Pearson Education, 2008

 Dr. B. R. AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY-SRIKAKULAM
II B.Com. (COMPUTER SCIENCE) SYLLABUS
STRUCTURE UNDER CHOICE BASED CREDITS SYSTEM
REVIEWED SYLLUBUS w.e.f. 2016-17

Semester - III

First Language – English-III

(Common for all UG Programs)
Unit – I: Prose
1. M.K. Gandhi: Shyness My Shield (from The Story of My Experiments with Truth)
2. Alexis C. Madrigal: Why People Really Love Technology: An Interview with Genevieve
Bell

Unit – II: Poetry

1. Gabriel Okara: Once upon a Time
2. Seamus Heaney: Digging

Unit – III: Short Story

1. Jhumpa Lahiri: The Interpreter of Maladies
2. Shashi Deshpande: The Beloved Charioteer

Unit – IV: One Act Play

GurajadaAppa Rao: Kanyasulkam, Translated by C. Vijayasree & T. VijayaKumar (Acts
I & II)

Unit – V: Language Activity

1. Classroom and Laboratory Activities
i. JAM Sessions
ii. Note Taking
iii. Reporting for the Media
iv. Expansion of an idea

2. Classroom Activity
i. Transformation of sentences ( Simple-Complex-Compound Sentences)
ii. Note Making
iii. Report Writing
iv. Writing for the Media

Note: In classroom instruction it may be ensured that the theoretical and practical components
of CSS-II complement the language activity in this semester.
 Second Language - Telugu/ Hindi/Urdu/Sanskrit
(Common for all UG Programs)
             – III
               
I.      -           
               –        
       (582-621)
“               ”      
“             ’     
II.             -                  
                         
         
“              ....”      
“                 ”      (6
      24     )
III.               
(అ)               -            (1 – 20)
‘          ’       ‘
            ’     
(ఆ)       ,        -                  
           
‘            .....’      
‘           ’     
(ఇ)                           - ‘           ’
‘         ’   
           ,                
‘                      ’
               
‘                ’      
               
IV.      
  .                      - ‘     ’ –       
     
V.         
(అ)         -         ,        ,
        ,
        ,      ,        ,
       
(ఆ)           - ఉపమ,     ,         ,
           ,           ,
               ,          .

                   :
1.              ,       ,           ,          
                  .
2.                         ఏ       
                                    .
3.                       ఒక             
      .
 Hindi-III

Prose-Gadya Sandesh - V.L. Narasimha Sinha

Unit-I:                  –      -                    

(Ancient and Modern Poetry) –         -             -         

Unit-II:                 -                -     -

                                  -     
)History of Hindi Literature)

Unit-III:                    -                  –

               -                     -
)General Essays)                

Unit-IV:                                )Four or Five

)Translation) lines)

Unit-V:                           

      
(Functional Hindi)
 Urdu-III
Poetry
Prescribed book: MUNTAKHAB ADAB - II

Unit – I: Masnavi – Ibne Nishati – Phoolbun – Aaghaze Dastan – 21 Sher

Unit – II: Qaseeda – Sauda – Dar na’ato manqhabate Haz. Ali (Tashbeeb) – Zaqmi mein tera aur
gulistan hai barabar

Unit – III: Marsiya – Meer Anees – Jab Qata ki masafate shab aaftab ne
(Ibtidayi 6 band musaddas ke)

Unit – IV: Shehar Aashoob – Nazeer Akbaabadi – Hai ab to kuch sukhan ka mere ikhtiyar band

Unit – V: Rubaiyaat
1. Amjad Hyderabadi – ‘Har cheez ka khona bhi
2. Saghar Yajjedi – ‘Tareef ki meezaan pe tul jate hain
 Sanskrit-III

Drama, Upanishad, Alankaras, Participles & Sabdas

Unit-I: Old Drama -            )Doota Vakyam One Act Play by Bhasa)

Unit-II: Modern Drama             )Asani Niraasam by Kavisamrat Viswantha

Satyanarayana, Published in 1954)

Unit-III: Upanishad -                -             )Sishyaanusaasanam-

Siksha Valli of Taittireeya Panishat)

Unit-IV: Alankaras - 1.      )Upama) 2.        (Ananvaya) 3.            

(Utpreksha) 4.        (Deepakam) 5.                   (Aprastut Prasamsa)
6.           (Drushtanta)

Unit-V: Participles - Krutpratyayas               1.       (Ktvaa) 2.

      (Lyap) 3.        (Tumum) 4.      (Tavya)
Sabdas -1. Halanta (      (
1)      (Vach) 2)       (Marut) 3)       (Bhagavat) 4)       (Rajan)
5)         (Vidwas) 6)      (Manas)
2. Sarvanama (       (
1)        (Asmad) 2)         (Yushmad)
 Foundation Course -3 B
Information & Communication Technology–2
(Internet Fundamentals and Web Tools) (30 hrs. of Teaching Learning including
Lab)
(Common for All UG Programs)

Unit-I: Fundamentals of Internet : Networking Concepts, Data Communication – Types of

Networking, Internet and its Services, Internet Addressing – Internet Applications – Computer
Viruses and its types – Browser –Types of Browsers.

Unit-II: Internet Applications: Using Internet Explorer, Standard Internet Explorer Buttons,
Entering a Web Site Address, Searching the Internet – Introduction to Social Networking:
Twitter, Tumblr, Linkedin, Facebook, Flickr, Skype, Yelp, Vimeo, Yahoo!, Google+, Youtube,
WhatsApp, etc.

Unit-III: E-Mail :Definition of E-mail - Advantages and Disadvantages – User IDs, Passwords,
Email Addresses, Domain Names, Mailers, Message Components, Message Composition, Mail
Management, Email Inner Workings.

Unit IV: WWW- Web Applications, Web Terminologies, Web Browsers, URL – Components of
URL, Searching WWW – Search Engines and Examples.

Unit-V: Basic HTML: Basic HTML – Web Terminology – Structure of a HTML Document –
HTML, Head and Body tags – Semantic and Syntactic Tags – HR, Heading, Font, Image and
Anchor Tags –Different types of Lists using tags – Table Tags, Image formats – Creation of
simple HTML Documents.

References:

1. Raymond Green Law and Ellen Hepp, Fundamentals of the Internet and the World Wide Web, TMH
Publishers.
 Foundation Course - 4B
Communication and Soft Skills-2 (Course Content (30 hours))
(Common for All UG Programs)

CSS-2 aims at improving the speaking skills of the learner. For many learners of English, the
sound-spelling relationship of the language appears anarchic. Another problem many Indian
learners face is English word accent. Unit I and Unit II help learners overcome these problems to
a great extent. The remaining units are on the two productive skills, speaking and writing. The
techniques of day-to-day conversations and the important characteristics of interviews and GDs
presented in this course strengthen the learner's speaking skills. The last unit presents various
aspects of presentation in writing.

Unit I: Pronunciation-1
The Sounds of English

Unit II: Pronunciation–2

1. Word Accent
2. Intonation

Unit III: Speaking Skills-1

1. Conversation Skills
2. Interview Skills
3. Presentation Skills
4. Public Speaking

Unit IV: Speaking Skills-2

1. Role Play
2. Debate
3. Group Discussion

Unit V: Writing Skills

1. Spelling
2. Punctuation
3. Information Transfer
o Tables
o Bar Diagrams
o Line Graphs
o Pie Diagrams
o Flow Charts
o Tree Diagrams
o Pictures
 DSC 1 C - Corporate Accounting

Unit-I :
Accounting for Share Capital - Issue, forfeiture and reissue of forfeited shares- concept &
process of book building - Issue of rights and bonus shares - Buyback of shares (preparation of
Journal and Ledger).

Unit-II:
Issue and Redemption of Debentures - Employee Stock Options – Accounting Treatment for
Convertible and Non-Convertible debentures (preparation of Journal and Ledger).

Unit –III:
Valuation of Goodwill and Shares: Need and methods - Normal Profit Method, Super
Profits Method – Capitalization Method - Valuation of shares - Need for Valuation - Methods of
Valuation - Net assets method, Yield basis method, Fair value method (including problems).

UNIT – IV:
Company Final Accounts: Preparation of Final Accounts – Adjustments relating to
preparation of final accounts – Profit and loss account and balance sheet – Preparation of final
accounts using computers (including problems).

Unit –V
Provisions of the Companies Act, 2013 relating to issues of shares and debentures - Book
Building- Preparation of Balance Sheet and Profit and Loss Account – Schedule-III.

Reference Books:
1. Corporate Accounting – Haneef & Mukherji,
2. Corporate Accounting – RL Gupta & Radha swami
3. Corporate Accounting – P.C. Tulsian
4. Advanced Accountancy: Jain and Narang
5. Advanced Accountancy: R.L. Gupta and M.Radhaswamy, S Chand.
6. Advanced Accountancy : Chakraborthy
7. Modern Accounting: A. Mukherjee, M. Hanife Volume-II McGraw Hill
8. Accounting standards and Corporate Accounting Practices: T.P. Ghosh Taxman
9. Corporate Accounting: S.N. Maheswari, S.R. Maheswari, Vikas Publishing House.
10. Advanced Accountancy: Arutanandam, Raman, Himalaya Publishing House.
11. Advanced Accounts: M.C. Shukla, T.S. Grewal, S.C. Gupta, S. Chand & Company Ltd.,
12. Management Accounting: Shashi K. Gupta, R.K. Sharma, Kalyani Publishers.
 DSC 2C - Business Statistics

Unit 1: Introduction to Statistics:

Definition, importance and limitations of statistics - Collection of data - Schedule and
questionnaire – Frequency distribution – Tabulation -Diagrammatic and graphic presentation of
data using Computers (Excel).

Unit 2: Measures of Central Tendency:

Characteristics of measures of Central Tendency-Types of Averages – Arithmetic Mean,
Geometric Mean, Harmonic Mean, Median, Mode, Deciles, Percentiles, Properties of averages
and their applications.

Unit 3: Measures of dispersion and Skewness:

Properties of dispersion-Range-Quartile Deviation –Mean Deviation-Standard Deviation-
Coefficient of Variation-Skewness definition-Karl Pearson’s and Bowley’s Measures of
skewness-Normal Distribution.

Unit 4: Measures of Relation:

Meaning and use of correlation – Types of correlation-Karlpearson’s correlation coefficient –
Spearman’s Rank correlation-probable error-Calculation of Correlation by Using Computers -
Regression analysis comparison between correlation and Regression – Regression Equations-
Interpretation of Regression Co-efficient.

Unit 5: Analysis of Time Series & Index Numbers:

Components of Time series- Measurement of trend and Seasonal Variations – Index Numbers-
Methods of Construction of Index Numbers – Price Index Numbers – Quantity Index Numbers –
Tests of Adequacy of Index Numbers – Cost of Index Numbers-Limitations of Index Numbers –
Use of Computer Software.

References:
1. Business Statistics Reddy, C.R, Deep Publications.
2. Statistics-Problems and Solutions Kapoor V.K.
3. Fundamentals of Statistics Elhance.D.N
4. Statistical Methods Gupta S.P
5. Statistics Gupta B.N.
6. Fundamentals of Statistics Gupta S.C
7. Statistics-Theory, Methods and Applications Sancheti,D.C. &Kapoor V.K
8. Business Statistics J.K.Sharma
9. Business Statistics Bharat Jhunjhunwala
10. Business Statistics R.S.Bharadwaj
 DSC 3C: Office Automation Tools

Unit-I: MS-Excel: features of Ms-Excel, Parts of MS-Excel window, entering and editing data in
worksheet, number formatting in excel, different cell references, how to enter and edit formula in
excel, auto fill and custom fill, printing options.

Unit-II: Formatting options: Different formatting options, change row height, formulae and
functions, Functions: Meaning and advantages of functions, different types of functions available
in Excel.

Unit-III: Charts: Different types of charts, Parts of chart, chart creation using wizard, chart
operations, data maps, graphs, data sorting, filtering. Excel sub totals, scenarios, what-if analysis
Macro: Meaning and advantages of Macros, creation, editing and deletion of macros - Creating a
macro, how to run, how to delete a macro.

Unit-IV: MS Access: Creating a Simple Database and Tables: Features of Ms-Access, Creating
a Database, Parts of Access. Tables: table creation using design view, table wizard, data sheet
view, import table, link table. Forms: The Form Wizard, design view, columnar, tabular, data
sheet, chart wizard.

Unit- V: Finding, Sorting and Displaying Data: Queries and Dynasts, Creating and using select
queries, Returning to the Query Design, Multi-level sorts, Finding incomplete matches, showing
All records after a Query, saving queries - Crosstab Queries. Printing Reports: Form and
Database Printing. Relational Databases: Flat Versus Relational, Types of Relationships,
Viewing Relationships, Defining and Redefining Relationships, Creating and Deleting
Relationships.

Reference Books:

1.Ron Mansfield, Working in Microsoft Office, Tata McGraw Hill(2008)

2.Ed Bott, Woody Leonhard, Using Microsoft Office 2007, Pearson Education(2007)
3. Sanjay Saxsena, Microsoft Office, 4.Microsoft Office, BPB Publications
 Semester - IV
Foundation Course -4C
Communication and Soft Skills-3 (Course Content (30 hours))
(Common for All UG Programs)

A current axiom is that hard skills will get a person an interview, but soft skills will get that person
the job. Unit I of the course is on soft skills, which are absolutely necessary in the global job
market. Writing is considered the most difficult of all the skills. Units II to V help the learner
improve their writing skills, especially academic/formal writing.

Unit I: Soft Skills

1. Positive Attitude
2. Body Language
3. SWOT/SWOC Analysis
4. Emotional Intelligence
5. Netiquette

Unit II: Paragraph Writing

1. Paragraph Structure
2. Development of Ideas

Unit III: Paraphrasing and Summarizing

1. Elements of Effective Paraphrasing
2. Techniques for Paraphrasing
3. What Makes a Good Summary?
4. Stages of Summarizing
Unit IV: Letter Writing
1. Letter Writing (Formal and Informal)
2. E-correspondence
Unit V:
1. Resume and CV
2. Cover Letter
 Foundation Course - 5
Analytical Skills
(Common for All UG Programs) (Total 30 Hrs)

Unit-I : Data Analysis: The data given in a Table, Graph, Bar Diagram, Pie Chart, Venn
diagram or a passage is to be analyzed and the questions pertaining to the data are to be
answered.
Unit-II: Sequence and Series: Analogies of numbers and alphabets completion of blank spaces
following the pattern in A:b::C: d relationship odd thing out; Missing number in a sequence or a
series.
Unit-III: Arithmetic ability: Algebraic operations BODMAS, Fractions, Divisibility rules,
LCM & GCD (HCF). Date, Time and Arrangement Problems: Calendar Problems, Clock
Problems, Blood Relationship.
Unit-IV: Quantitative aptitude: Averages, Ration and proportion, Problems on ages, Time-
distance – speed.
Unit-V: Business computations: Percentages, Profit &loss, Partnership, simple compound
interest.

References:
1. R S Agrawal, Quantitative Aptitude for Competitive Examination, S.Chand publications.
2. R V Praveen, Quantitative Aptitude and Reasoning, PHI publishers.
3. Pratogitaprakasan, Kic X, Quantitative Aptitude: Numerical Ability (Fully Solved) Objective
Questions, Kiran Prakasan publishers
4. Abhijit Guha, Quantitative Aptitude for Competitive Examination, TMG Hill publications.
5. Old question Paper of the Exams conducted by (Wipro, TCS, Infosys, etc.) at their recruitment
process, source-Internet.

Note: The teachers/students are expected to teach /learn the contents by not converting them to
the problems of algebra at the maximum possible extent, but to use analytical thinking to solve
the exercises related to those topics. This is the main aim of the course.
 Foundation Course-6
Entrepreneurship Education
(Common for All UG Programs) (Total 30 Hrs)

Unit-I: Entrepreneurship: Entrepreneur characteristics – Classification of Entrepreneurships –

Incorporation of Business – Forms of Business organizations –Role of Entrepreneurship in
economic development –Start-ups.

Unit-II: Idea Generation and Opportunity Assessment: Ideas in Entrepreneurships – Sources

of New Ideas – Techniques for generating ideas – Opportunity Recognition – Steps in tapping
opportunities.

Unit-III: Project Formulation and Appraisal : Preparation of Project Report –Content;

Guidelines for Report preparation – Project Appraisal techniques –economic – Steps Analysis;
Financial Analysis; Market Analysis; Technical Feasibility.

Unit-iv: Institutions Supporting Small Business Enterprises: Central level Institutions:

NABARD; SIDBI, NIC, KVIC; SIDIO; NSIC Ltd; etc. – state level Institutions –DICs- SFC-
SSIDC- Other financial assistance.

Unit-V: Government Policy and Taxation Benefits: Government Policy for SSIs- tax Incentives
and Concessions –Non-tax Concessions –Rehabilitation and Investment Allowances.

References:

1. Arya Kumar, Entrepreneurship, Pearson, Delhi, 2012.

2. Poornima M.CH., Entrepreneurship Development–Small Business Enterprises, Pearson, 2009
3. Michael H. Morris, et. al., Entrepreneurship and Innovation, Cengage Learning, New Delhi,
2011
4. KanishkaBedi, Management and Entrepreneurship, Oxford University Press, Delhi, 2009
5. Anil Kumar, S., et.al., Entrepreneurship Development, New Age Publishers, New Delhi, 2011
6. Khanka, SS, Entrepreneurship Development, S. Chand, New Delhi.
7. Peter F. Drucker, Innovation and Entrepreneurship.
8. A.Sahay, M. S. Chikara, New Vistas of Entrepreneurship: Challenges and Opportunities.
 Foundation Course-7
Leadership Education
(Common for All UG Programs) (Total 30 Hrs)

1. Organisation – Management – Leadership –Meaning and Significance – Different theories

– Trait Theory, Blake & Mountan Theory – Other functions of Management.

2. Behavioral Concepts – Individual Behaviour – Perception – Learning – Attitude Formation

and Change – Motivation – Theories of Motivation – Personality Development.

3. Interpersonal Behaviour – Communication – Leadership – Influencing Relations –

Transactional Analysis.

4. Group Dynamics – Roles – Morale – Conflict – Groups – Inter-Group Behaviour – Inter-

Group Collaboration and Conflict Management.

5. Team Building and Management – Developing team resources – Designing team –

Participation and Repercussion – Team building activities.

References:
1. Fred Luthans, “Organizational Behaviour”, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co., New Delhi.
2. Robins, Stephen P, “Organizational Behaviour”, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.
3. Koontz and O “Donnell”, Essentials of Management, TMH Publishing Co., New Delhi.
4. Keith Davis, “Human Behaviour at Work”, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co., New Delhi.
5. Aswathappa,”Orgnizational Behaviour”, Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai
6. Stoner Freeman, “Management”, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.
 DSC 1D - Banking Theory & Practice

Unit-I: Introduction
Meaning & Definition of Bank – Functions of Commercial Banks – Kinds of Banks -
Central Banking Vs. Commercial Banking.

Unit-II: Banking Systems

Unit Banking , Branch Banking, Investment Banking- Innovations in banking – E banking
- Online and Offshore Banking , Internet Banking - Anywhere Banking - ATMs - RTGS.

Unit-III: Banking Development

Indigenous Banking - Cooperative Banks, Regional Rural banks, SIDBI, NABARD -
EXIM Bank.

Unit-IV: Banker and Customer

Meaning and Definition of Banker and customer – Types of Customers - General
Relationship and Special Relationship between Banker and Customer - KYC Norms.

Unit-V: Collecting Banker and Paying Banker

Concepts - Duties & Responsibilities of Collecting Banker – Holder for Value – Holder in
Due Course – Statutory Protection to Collecting Banker - Responsibilities of Paying
Banker - Payment Gateways.

Books for Reference

1. Banking Theory: Law & Practice : K P M Sundram and V L Varsheney
2. Banking Theory, Law and Practice : B. Santhanam; Margam Publications
3. Banking and Financial Systems : Aryasri
4. Introduction to Banking : Vijaya Raghavan
5. Indian Financial System : M.Y.Khan
6. Indian Financial System : Murthy & Venugopal
 DSC 2D - Business Laws

Unit-I: Contract:
Meaning and Definition of Contract-Essential elements of valid Contract -Valid, Void and
Voidable Contracts - Indian Contract Act, 1872.

Unit-II: Offer and Acceptance:

Definition of Valid Offer, Acceptance and Consideration -Essential elements of a Valid
Offer, Acceptance and Consideration.

Unit-III: Capacity of the Parties and Contingent Contract:

Rules regarding to Minors contracts - Rules relating to contingent contracts - Different
modes of discharge of contracts-Rules relating to remedies to breach of contract.

Unit-IV: Sale of Goods Act 1930:

Contract of sale – Sale and agreement to sell – Implied conditions and warranties –
Rights of unpaid vendor.

Unit-V: Cyber Law and Contract Procedures - Digital Signature - Safety Mechanisms.

References:

1. J. Jayasankar, Business Laws, Margham Publication. Chennai -17

2. Kapoor ND, Mercentile Law , Sultan Chand
3. Balachandram V, Business law Tata
4. Tulsian , Business Law Tata
5. Pillai Bhagavathi, Business Law , S.Chand.
6. Business Laws, Maruthi Publishers
 DSC 3D Business Analytics

Unit-I: Introduction - Business Analytics Life Cycle - Business Analytics Process - Data concepts
- Data exploration & visualization - Business Analytics as Solution for Business Challenges -

Unit-II: Automated Data Analysis: Tabulation and Cross Tabulation of Data: Univariate,
Bivariate and Multivariate Data Analysis – ANOVA.

Unit-III: Hypothesis Testing: Type 1 & 2 errors - T-test, ANOVA, Chi-Square and correlation -
Linear Regression Analysis - Logistic Regression - Cluster Analysis - Market Basket Analysis.

Unit-IV: Business Data Management: Master Data Management: Data Warehousing and kinds
of Architecture – Data Extraction – Transformation and Up-loading of Data – Data Mining – Meta
Data – Data Marts – Creating Data Marts – Data Integration – OLTP and OLAP.

Unit-V: SPSS Packages – Applications and Case Studies.

Suggested Books:

1. Gupta S.P. “Statistical Methods”, Sultan Chand, New Delhi, 2010.

2. K.V. Rao, “Research Methodology in Commerce and Management”, Sterling Publishers,
New Delhi, 2012.
3. T.S. Wilkinson & P.L. Bhandarkar, “Methodology and Techniques of Social Research”,
2010.
4. Richard A.Johnson & Dean W.Wichern, “Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis”,
Prentice Hall International Inc., 2007.
5. R.N Prasad and Seema Acharya, “Fundaments of Business Analytics”, Wiley India
Publication.
6. Pang-Ning Tan, Michael Steinbach & Vipin Kumar, “Introduction to Data Mining”,
Pearson, 2009.
7. Alex Berson, Stephen Smith & Kurt Thearling, “Building Data Mining Application for
CRM”, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 2000.
 SBC E 5.1 A - Business Leadership

Unit-I: Introductory: Leadership - Traits, Skills and Styles- Leadership Development -

Qualities of a Good Leader.

Unit-II: Decision-Making and Leadership: Leadership for Sustainability - Power,

Influence, Impact - Leadership Practices - Organizations and Groups: Organizational Culture
and Leadership - Leadership in Business Organizations

Unit-III: Special Topics: Profiles of a few Inspirational Leaders in Business – Jemshedji

Tata - Aditya Birla - Swaraj Paul - L N Mittal - N R Narayana Murthy - Azim Premji, etc.

References:

1. Northouse, Peter G., Leadership: Theory and Practice, Sage Publications.

2. Daloz Parks, S., Leadership can be taught: A Bold Approach for a Complex World,
Boston: Harvard Business School Press.

3. Drucker Foundation (Ed.), Leading Beyond the Walls, San Francisco: Jossey Bass.

4. Al Gini and Ronald M. Green, Virtues of Outstanding Leaders: Leadership and Character,
John Wiley & Sons Inc.

5. S Balasubramanian, The Art of Business Leadership – Indian Experiences, Sage

Publications.
 SBC E 5.1 B Office Management

Unit-I: Office and Functions: Features of Modern Office - Layout Planning - Interior, Security
of the Office, Knowledge of Stationery Items and Maintenance - Office Manager - Duties and
Responsibilities - Scientific Office Management - Work Simplification.

Unit-II: Office Systems: Office procedures - Guides and Common charts of Office work
simplification - Planning for improving office procedures - Forms Design, Design of Forms -
Reproduction of Forms - Office Reproduction Services.

Unit-III: Records Storage and Retrieval: Nature of Files and Records - Storage - Purposes of
Records Storage and Control - Filing systems, equipment and supplies - Records retention – ICT
applications in Office Management.

References:

1. James, A.F. Stoner et. al: Management, Englewood Cliffs, N.J Prentice Hall
2. Mahajan, J.P.: Fundamentals of Office Management, Ane Books Pvt. Ltd.
3. Bhatia, R.C. Principles of Office Management, Lotus Press, New Delhi.
4. Terry, George R: Office Management and Control, R.D. Irwin.
5. Duggal, B: Office Management and Commercial Correspondence, Kitab Mahal.
 SBC E 5.1C Personal Finance

Unit-1: Investment: Assessment of Income - Objectives of Investment – Factors affecting

selection of investment – Time value of money – Future value of investment and annuity – Present
value of cash flows and outflows.

Unit-II: Investment Alternatives: Real Estate, Gold, Shares, Bonds, Govt. Securities, Insurance
Policies, Mutual Funds, Post Office Saving Schemes, Public Provident Fund, etc.

Unit-III: Security Valuation: Concepts of Return and Risk – Systematic and Nonsystematic risk
- Risk-return tradeoff - Equity valuation - Bond Valuation: Bond return and valuation.

References:

1.Punithavathy Pandian, Security Analysis & Portfolio Management, Vikas Publishers, New
Delhi.
2. Yassaswy, Personal and Tax Planning, Vision Books, New Delhi.
3. A.N. Shanbag, In the Wonderland of Investment, Popular Prakashan, Bombay.
4. V.N.S.Raman, Investment Principles and Techniques, Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi.
5. Ankit Gala & Khushboo Gala, Investment Planning, Buzzing Stock Publishing.
 SBS E 5.1 D Project Management

Unit-I: Basics of Project Management: Project Identification, Project Initiation - Project Life
Cycle - Project Planning, Resource Allocation, Scheduling, Project Cost Estimate and Budgets -
CPM - PERT.

Unit-II: Project Performance Measurement and Evaluation: Performance Measurement,

Productivity, Performance Evaluation, Challenges of Performance Measurement and Evaluation.

Unit-III: Project Execution, Control and Close-out: Project Execution, Project Control,
Purpose of Execution and Control - Project Close-out, Project Termination, Project Follow-up.

References:
1. Horald Kerzner, Project Management: A Systemic Approach to Planning, Scheduling and
Controlling, CBS Publishers.

2. S. Choudhury, Project Scheduling and Monitoring in Practice, South Asian Publishers Pvt.
Ltd.
3. P. K. Joy, Total Project Management: The Indian Context, Macmillan India Ltd.
4.John M Nicholas, Project Management for Business and Technology: Principles and Practice,
Prentice Hall of India.

5.N. J. Smith (Ed), Project Management, Blackwell Publishing.

6. Jack R Meredith and Samuel J Mantel, Project Management: A Managerial Approach, John
Wiley.
 DSC - 1E 5.2 Cost Accounting

Unit-I:Introduction: Distinguish between Financial Accounting, Cost Accounting and

management accounting - Cost Concepts and Classification – Cost Centre and Cost Unit –
Preparation of Cost Sheet.

Unit-II: Elements of Cost: Materials: Material control – Selective control, ABC technique –
Methods of pricing issues – FIFO, LIFO, Weighted average, Base stock methods, choice of method
(including problems).

Unit-III: Labour and Overheads: Labour: Control of labor costs – time keeping and time
booking – Idle time –Methods of remuneration – labour incentives schemes - Overheads:
Allocation and apportionment of overheads – Machine hour rate.

Unit-IV: Methods of Costing: Job costing – Process costing - treatment of normal and abnormal
process losses – preparation of process cost accounts – treatment of waste and scrap, joint products
and by products (including problems).

Unit -V: Costing Techniques: Marginal Costing – Standard costing – Variance Analysis
(including problems).

References:

1. S.P. Jain and K.L. Narang – Advanced Cost Accounting, Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana.
2. M.N. Aurora – A test book of Cost Accounting, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.
3. S.P. Iyengar – Cost Accounting, Sultan Chand & Sons.
4. Nigam & Sharma – Cost Accounting Principles and Applications, S.Chand & Sons.
5. S.N .Maheswari – Principles of Management Accounting.
6. I.M .Pandey – Management Accounting, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.
7. Sharma & Shashi Gupta – Management Accounting, Kalyani Publishers. Ludhiana.
 DSC 2E 5.3 Taxation

Unit-I: Introduction: Objectives - Principles of Taxation - Brief History - Basic Concepts; Capital
and Revenue; Basis of Charge - Exempted Incomes - Residential Status – Incidence of Taxation.

Unit-II: Direct and Indirect Taxes – Service Tax – VAT – Central Sales Tax – Latest
Developments.

Unit-III: Computation of income under different heads: Income from Salary; Income from
House Property; Income from Business/Profession, Charges Deemed Profits to Tax; Deductions
u/s 80C to 80U - Income from Capital Gains; Income from Other Sources (simples problems).

Unit-IV: Taxation System in India: Objectives; Tax Holiday; Modes of Tax Recovery (Section
190 and 202); Payments and Refunds; Filing of Returns.

Unit-V: Tax Planning: Tax Avoidance and Tax Evasion; Penalties and Prosecutions; Income Tax
Authorities.

References:

1. Vinod K. Singhania Direct Taxes - Law and Practice, Taxman Publication.

2. B.B. Lal: Direct Taxes, Konark Publisher (P) Ltd.
3. Bhagwati Prasad: Direct Taxes – Law and Practice, Wishwa Prakashan.
4. Dr. Mehrotra and Goyal: Direct Taxes – Law and Practice, Sahitya Bhavan Publication.
 DSC 3E 5.4 Commercial Geography

Unit –I: The Earth: Internal structure of the Earth – Latitude – Longitude – Realms of the
Earth – Evolution of the Earth – Environmental pollution - Global Warming - Measures to be
taken to protect the Earth.
Unit -II: India – Agriculture: Land Use - Soils - Major crops – Food and Non-food Crops –
Importance of Agriculture – Problems in Agriculture – Agriculture Development.
Unit -III: India – Forestry: Forests – Status of Forests in Andhra Pradesh – Forest
(Conservation) Act, 1980 – Compensatory Afforestation Fund (CAF) Bill, 2015 - Forest Rights
Act, 2006 and its Relevance – Need for protection of Forestry.
Unit -IV: India – Minerals and Mining: Minerals – Renewable and non-Renewable – Use of
Minerals – Mines – Coal, Barites, etc. – Singareni Coal mines and Mangampeta Barites -
District-wise Profile.
Unit-V: India – Water Resources – Rivers: Water resources - Rationality and equitable use of
water – Protection measures - Rivers - Perennial and peninsular Rivers - Interlinking of Rivers -
Experience of India and Andhra Pradesh.

References:

1. Shabiar Ahmad; Quazi ,Natural Resource Consumption and Environment Management,

APH Publishing Corporation.

2. Tarachand, Economic and Commercial Geography of India, Vikas Publishing House.

3. Dr. S. Sankaran, Commercial Geography, Margam Publications, Chennai.
4. C. B. Memoria, Commercial Geography, Lal Agarwal & Co.
5. C. B. Memoria, Economic and Commercial Geography, Lal Agarwal & Co.

6. Vinod N. Patel, Commercial Geography, Oxford Book Company

 DSC 1F 5.5 - Programming IN C

Unit- I: Introduction to Algorithms and Programming Languages: Algorithm – Key features

of Algorithms – Some more Algorithms – Flow Charts. Introduction to C: Structure of C
Program – Writing the first C Program – File used in C Program – Compiling and Executing C
Programs – Using Comments – Keywords – Identifiers – Basic Data Types in C – Variables –
Constants – I/O Statements in C- Operators in C- Programming Examples – Type Conversion
and Type Casting

Unit-II: Decision Control and Looping Statements: Introduction to Decision Control

Statements – Conditional Branching Statements – Iterative Statements – Nested Loops – Break
and Continue Statement – Go to Statement

Unit- III: Functions: Introduction – using functions – Function declaration/ prototype –

Function definition – function call – return statement – Passing parameters – Scope of variables
– Storage Classes – Recursive function

Unit- IV: Arrays: Introduction – Declaration of Arrays – Accessing elements of the Array –
Storing Values in Array – Calculating the length of the Array – Operations on Array – one
dimensional array for inter-function communication – Two dimensional Arrays –Operations on
Two Dimensional Arrays, Strings: Introduction String and Character functions

Unit-V: Pointers: Understanding Computer Memory – Introduction to Pointers – declaring

Pointer Variables – - Passing Arguments to Functions using Pointer – Pointer and Arrays –
Passing Array to Function. Structure, Union, and Enumerated Data Types: Introduction –
Nested Structures – Arrays of Structures – Structures and Functions - Unions – Enumerated Data
Types.

Reference Books:

1. Reema Thareja, Introduction to C programming, Oxford University Press.

2. E Balagurusamy, Computing Fundamentals & C Programming – Tata McGraw-Hill, 2008.
3. Ashok N Kamthane, Programming with ANSI and Turbo C, Pearson Publisher, 2002.
4. Henry Mulish & Hubert L.Coo Reema Thareja: The Spirit of C: An Introduction to Modern
Programming, Jaico Publishing House,1996.
 DSC 2F 5.6 - Database Management System

Unit-I: Overview of Database Management System: Introduction, Data and Information,

Database, Database Management System, Objectives of DBMS, Evolution of Database
Management Systems, Classification of Database Management System.

Unit-II: File-Based System, Drawbacks of File-Based System , DBMS Approach,

Advantages of DBMS, Data Models , Components of Database System, Database
Architecture, DBMS Vendors and their Products.

Unit-III: Entity–Relationship Model: Introduction, The Building Blocks of an Entity–

Relationship, Classification of Entity Sets , Attribute Classification, Relationship Degree,
Relationship Classification, Generalization and Specialization, aggregation and composition,
CODD’S Rules, Relational Data Model , Concept of ,Relational Integrity.

Unit-IV: Structured Query Language: Introduction, History of SQL Standard, Commands in

SQL, Data types in SQL, Data Definition Language (DDL), Selection Operation Projection
Operation, Aggregate Functions, Data Manipulation Language, Table Modification, Table
Truncation, Imposition of Constraints, Set Operations.

Unit -V: PL/SQL: Introduction, Structure of PL/SQL, PL/SQL Language Elements ,Data
Types, Control Structure,, Steps to Create a PL/SQL Program, Iterative Control ,Cursors , Steps
to Create a Cursor , Procedure, Function ,Packages ,Exceptions Handling, Database Triggers,
Types of Triggers.

Reference Books:

1. Paneerselvam: Database Management Systems, PHI.

3. David Kruglinski, Osborne, Data Management System McGraw Hill Publication.
4. Shgirley Neal and Kenneth LC Trunik Database Management Systems in Business – PHI.
5. Godeon C. EVEREST, Database Management – McGraw Hill Book Company.
6. MARTIN, Database Management – Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.
7. Bipin C. Desai, “An Introduction to Database Systems”, Galgotia Publications.
8. Korth, Database Management systems.
9. Navathe, Database Management systems.
10. S. Sumathi, S. Esakkirajan, Fundamentals of Relational Database Management Systems
 DSC 3F 5.7 - Web Technology

Unit-I: Introduction: HTML, XML, and WWW, Topologies, Bus, Star, Ring, Hybrid, Tree,
Lan,Wan,Man. HTML: Basic HTML, Document body, Text, Hyper links, Adding more
formatting, Lists, Tables using colors and images. More HTML: Multimedia objects, Frames,
Forms towards interactive, HTML document heading.

Unit-II: Cascading Style Sheets: Introduction, using Styles, simple examples, your own styles,
properties and values in styles, style sheet, formatting blocks of information, layers.

Unit-III: Introduction to JavaScript: What is DHTML, JavaScript, basics, variables, string

manipulations, mathematical functions, statements, operators, arrays, functions.

Unit-IV: Objects in JavaScript: Data and objects in JavaScript, regular expressions, exception
handling, built-in objects, events.

Unit-V: DHTML with JavaScript: Data validation, opening a new window, messages and
confirmations, the status bar, different frames, rollover buttons, moving images, multiple pages in
single download, text only menu system.

References:

1. Uttam Kumar Roy, Web Technologies, Oxford University Press.

2. Black Book HTML 5.0
3. Complete reference HTML 5.0
4. Web Technology, PHI Publications.
 Dr. B. R. AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY-SRIKAKULAM
III B.Com. (COMPUTER SCIENCE) SYLLABUS
STRUCTURE UNDER CHOICE BASED CREDITS SYSTEM
REVIEWED SYLLUBUS w.e.f. 2016-17

Semester – V

Mid. Sem.
Sl. Total Teaching
Course Name of the subject Sem. End Credits
No. Marks Hours**
Exam* Exam
1. Skill Based University’s Choice:
Course SBC 5.1A. Business Leadership 50 --- 50 2 2
E
2. DSC 1 E 5.2 Cost Accounting 100 25 75 5 4
3. DSC 2 E 5.3 Taxation 100 25 75 5 4
4. DSC 3 E 5.4 Commercial Geography 100 25 75 5 4
5. Elective-
DSC 5.5 Programming in C
100 25 75 5 4
1F/Inter-
disp.
6. Elective-
DSC 2F 5.6 Data Base Management System 100 25 75 5 4
/Inter-disp.
7. Elective-
DSC 5.7 Web Technology
3F/Inter- 100 25 75 5 4
disp.

Total 650 125 525 27 27

 SEMESTER V
SBC E 5.1 A - Business Leadership

Unit-I: Introductory: Leadership - Traits, Skills and Styles- Leadership

Development - Qualities of a Good Leader.

Unit-II: Decision-Making and Leadership : Leadership for Sustainability - Power,

Influence, Impact - Leadership Practices - Organizations and Groups:
Organizational Culture and Leadership - Leadership in Business Organizations

Unit-III: Special Topics: Profiles of a few Inspirational Leaders in Business – Jemshedji

Tata - Aditya Birla - Swaraj Paul - L N Mittal - N R Narayana Murthy - Azim Premji, etc.

References:

1. Northouse, Peter G., Leadership: Theory and Practice, Sage Publications.

2. Daloz Parks, S., Leadership can be taught: A Bold Approach for a

Complex World, Boston: Harvard Business School Press.

3. Drucker Foundation (Ed.), Leading Beyond the Walls, San Francisco: Jossey Bass.

4. Al Gini and Ronald M. Green, Virtues of Outstanding Leaders: Leadership and

Character, John Wiley & Sons Inc.

5. S Balasubramanian, The Art of Business Leadership – Indian

Experiences, Sage Publications.
 DSC - 1E 5.2 Cost Accounting

Unit-I:Introduction: Distinguish between Financial Accounting, Cost

Accounting and management accounting - Cost Concepts and Classification –
Cost Centre and Cost Unit – Preparation of Cost Sheet.

Unit-II: Elements of Cost: Materials: Material control – Selective control, ABC

technique – Methods of pricing issues – FIFO, LIFO, Weighted average, Base
stock methods, choice of method (including problems).

Unit-III: Labour and Overheads: Labour: Control of labor costs – time keeping and time
booking – Idle time –Methods of remuneration – labour incentives schemes -
Overheads: Allocation and apportionment of overheads – Machine hour rate.

Unit-IV: Methods of Costing: Job costing – Process costing - treatment of normal and
abnormal process losses – preparation of process cost accounts – treatment of waste
and scrap, joint products and by products (including problems).

Unit -V: Costing Techniques: Marginal Costing – Standard costing –

Variance Analysis (including problems).

References:

1. S.P. Jain and K.L. Narang – Advanced Cost Accounting, Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana.

2. M.N. Aurora – A test book of Cost Accounting, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.
3. S.P. Iyengar – Cost Accounting, Sultan Chand & Sons.
4. Nigam & Sharma – Cost Accounting Principles and Applications, S.Chand & Sons.
5. S.N .Maheswari – Principles of Management Accounting.
6. I.M .Pandey – Management Accounting, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.
7. Sharma & Shashi Gupta – Management Accounting, Kalyani Publishers. Ludhiana.
 DSC 2E 5.3 Taxation

Unit-I: Introduction: Objectives - Principles of Taxation - Brief History - Basic

Concepts; Capital and Revenue; Basis of Charge - Exempted Incomes -
Residential Status – Incidence of Taxation.

Unit-II: Direct and Indirect Taxes – Service Tax – VAT – Central Sales Tax –
Latest Developments.

Unit-III: Computation of income under different heads: Income from Salary; Income from House

Property; Income from Business/Profession, Charges Deemed Profits to Tax; Deductions u/s

80C to 80U - Income from Capital Gains; Income from Other Sources (simples problems).

Unit-IV: Taxation System in India: Objectives; Tax Holiday; Modes of Tax

Recovery (Section 190 and 202); Payments and Refunds; Filing of Returns.

Unit-V: Tax Planning: Tax Avoidance and Tax Evasion; Penalties and
Prosecutions; Income Tax Authorities.

References:

1. Vinod K. Singhania Direct Taxes - Law and Practice, Taxman Publication.

2. B.B. Lal: Direct Taxes, Konark Publisher (P) Ltd.
3. Bhagwati Prasad: Direct Taxes – Law and Practice, Wishwa Prakashan.
4. Dr. Mehrotra and Goyal: Direct Taxes – Law and Practice, Sahitya Bhavan Publication.
 DSC 3E 5.4 Commercial Geography

Unit –I: The Earth: Internal structure of the Earth – Latitude – Longitude –
Realms of the Earth – Evolution of the Earth – Environmental pollution -
Global Warming - Measures to be taken to protect the Earth.
Unit -II: India – Agriculture: Land Use - Soils - Major crops – Food and Non-food Crops –
Importance of Agriculture – Problems in Agriculture – Agriculture Development.

Unit -III: India – Forestry: Forests – Status of Forests in Andhra Pradesh – Forest
(Conservation) Act, 1980 – Compensatory Afforestation Fund (CAF) Bill, 2015 - Forest
Rights Act, 2006 and its Relevance – Need for protection of Forestry.

Unit -IV: India – Minerals and Mining: Minerals – Renewable and non
Renewable – Use of Minerals – Mines – Coal, Barites, etc. – Singareni Coal
mines and Mangampeta Barites - District-wise Profile.
Unit-V: India – Water Resources – Rivers: Water resources - Rationality and
equitable use of water – Protection measures - Rivers - Perennial and peninsular
Rivers - Interlinking of Rivers - Experience of India and Andhra Pradesh.

References:

1. Shabiar Ahmad; Quazi ,Natural Resource Consumption and

Environment Management, APH Publishing Corporation.

2. Tarachand, Economic and Commercial Geography of India, Vikas Publishing House.

3. Dr. S. Sankaran, Commercial Geography, Margam Publications, Chennai.

4. C. B. Memoria, Commercial Geography, Lal Agarwal & Co.
5. C. B. Memoria, Economic and Commercial Geography, Lal Agarwal & Co.

6. Vinod N. Patel, Commercial Geography, Oxford Book Company

 DSC 1F 5.5 - Programming IN C

Unit- I: Introduction to Algorithms and Programming Languages: Algorithm – Key

features of Algorithms – Some more Algorithms – Flow Charts. Introduction to C:
Structure of C Program – Writing the first C Program – File used in C Program –
Compiling and Executing C Programs – Using Comments – Keywords – Identifiers –
Basic Data Types in C – Variables – Constants – I/O Statements in C- Operators in C-
Programming Examples – Type Conversion and Type Casting

Unit-II: Decision Control and Looping Statements: Introduction to Decision Control

Statements – Conditional Branching Statements – Iterative Statements – Nested
Loops – Break and Continue Statement – Go to Statement

Unit- III: Functions: Introduction – using functions – Function declaration/ prototype – Function
definition – function call – return statement – Passing parameters – Scope of variables
– Storage Classes – Recursive function

Unit- IV: Arrays: Introduction – Declaration of Arrays – Accessing elements of the Array –
Storing Values in Array – Calculating the length of the Array – Operations on Array – one
dimensional array for inter-function communication – Two dimensional Arrays –Operations on
Two Dimensional Arrays, Strings: Introduction String and Character functions

Unit-V: Pointers: Understanding Computer Memory – Introduction to Pointers –

declaring Pointer Variables – - Passing Arguments to Functions using Pointer –
Pointer and Arrays – Passing Array to Function. Structure, Union, and Enumerated
Data Types: Introduction – Nested Structures – Arrays of Structures – Structures
and Functions - Unions – Enumerated Data Types.

Reference Books:

1. Reema Thareja, Introduction to C programming, Oxford University Press.

2. E Balagurusamy, Computing Fundamentals & C Programming – Tata McGraw-Hill, 2008.

3. Ashok N Kamthane, Programming with ANSI and Turbo C, Pearson Publisher, 2002.

4. Henry Mulish & Hubert L.Coo Reema Thareja: The Spirit of C: An

Introduction to Modern Programming, Jaico Publishing House,1996.
 DSC 2F 5.6 - Database Management System

Unit-I: Overview of Database Management System: Introduction, Data and Information,

Database, Database Management System, Objectives of DBMS, Evolution of Database
Management Systems, Classification of Database Management System.

Unit-II: File-Based System, Drawbacks of File-Based System , DBMS Approach,

Advantages of DBMS, Data Models , Components of Database System,
Database Architecture, DBMS Vendors and their Products.

Unit-III: Entity–Relationship Model: Introduction, The Building Blocks of an Entity–

Relationship, Classification of Entity Sets , Attribute Classification, Relationship
Degree, Relationship Classification, Generalization and Specialization, aggregation and
composition, CODD’S Rules, Relational Data Model , Concept of ,Relational Integrity.

Unit-IV: Structured Query Language: Introduction, History of SQL Standard,

Commands in SQL, Data types in SQL, Data Definition Language (DDL), Selection
Operation Projection Operation, Aggregate Functions, Data Manipulation Language,
Table Modification, Table Truncation, Imposition of Constraints, Set Operations.

Unit -V: PL/SQL: Introduction, Structure of PL/SQL, PL/SQL Language Elements

,Data Types, Control Structure,, Steps to Create a PL/SQL Program, Iterative
Control ,Cursors , Steps to Create a Cursor , Procedure, Function ,Packages
,Exceptions Handling, Database Triggers, Types of Triggers.

Reference Books:

1. Paneerselvam: Database Management Systems, PHI.

3. David Kruglinski, Osborne, Data Management System McGraw Hill Publication.
4. Shgirley Neal and Kenneth LC Trunik Database Management Systems in Business – PHI.
5. Godeon C. EVEREST, Database Management – McGraw Hill Book Company.
6. MARTIN, Database Management – Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.
7. Bipin C. Desai, “An Introduction to Database Systems”, Galgotia Publications.
8. Korth, Database Management systems.
9. Navathe, Database Management systems.
10. S. Sumathi, S. Esakkirajan, Fundamentals of Relational Database Management Systems
 DSC 3F 5.7 - Web Technology

Unit-I: Introduction: HTML, XML, and WWW, Topologies, Bus, Star, Ring, Hybrid,
Tree, Lan,Wan,Man. HTML: Basic HTML, Document body, Text, Hyper links, Adding
more formatting, Lists, Tables using colors and images. More HTML: Multimedia
objects, Frames, Forms towards interactive, HTML document heading.

Unit-II: Cascading Style Sheets: Introduction, using Styles, simple examples, your own styles,
properties and values in styles, style sheet, formatting blocks of information, layers.

Unit-III: Introduction to JavaScript: What is DHTML, JavaScript, basics, variables, string

manipulations, mathematical functions, statements, operators, arrays, functions.

Unit-IV: Objects in JavaScript: Data and objects in JavaScript, regular

expressions, exception handling, built-in objects, events.

Unit-V: DHTML with JavaScript: Data validation, opening a new window,

messages and confirmations, the status bar, different frames, rollover buttons,
moving images, multiple pages in single download, text only menu system.

References:

1. Uttam Kumar Roy, Web Technologies, Oxford University Press.

2. Black Book HTML 5.0
3. Complete reference HTML 5.0
4. Web Technology, PHI Publications.
 Dr. B. R. AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY-SRIKAKULAM
III B.Com. (Computer Applications) SYLLABUS
STRUCTURE UNDER CHOICE BASED CREDITS SYSTEM
REVIEWED SYLLUBUS w.e.f. 2016-17

Semester – VI

Mid. Sem.
Sl. Total Teaching
Course Name of the subject Sem. End Credits
No. Marks Hours**
Exam Exam
1. Skill Based University’s Choice:
Course SBC 6.1 Event Management 50 --- 50 2 2
G
2. DSC 1 G 6.2 Marketing 100 25 75 5 4
3. DSC 2 G 6.3 Auditing 100 25 75 5 4
4. DSC 3 G 6.4 Management Accounting 100 25 75 5 4
5. Elective- 6.5 Tally
DSC 1 100 25 75 5 4
H/Inter-
disp./Gen.
Elec.
6. Elective-
DSC 6.6 e-Commerce
100 25 75 5 4
2H/Inter-
disp./Gen.
Elec.
7. Elective-
DSC
3H/Inter- 6.7 PHP and My SQL
100 - 100 - 5
disp./Gen.
Elec.

Total 650 125 525 27 27

 SBS G 6.1C Event Management

Unit-I: Event Concept: Corporate Events and Customer’s needs - Types of Events - Corporate
hospitality – Exhibitions – Trade Fairs – Conferences –Business and Government Meets - Corporate
event packages - Menu Selection - Customization.

Unit-II: Outdoor Events: Logistics, Types of Outdoor events, Risk management - Health and
safety, Marketing and sponsorship, HR Management, Programming and Entertainment.

Unit-III: Celebrity Events: Launches, Fashion shows, National festivals and high-profile charity
events - Liaison with agents, Contract Negotiations, Client briefings, Celebrity wish lists and
expectations - Liaisoning with Govt. Departments.

References:

1. Event Management: A Blooming Industry and an Eventful Career by Devesh Kishore, Ganga
Sagar Singh - Har-and Publications Pvt. Ltd.

2. Event Management by Swarup K. Goyal - Adhyayan Publisher.

3. Event Management & Public Relations by Savita Mohan - Enkay Publishing House
4. Event Entertainment and Production - Mark Sonder, CSEP, Wiley & Sons, Inc.
5. Special Event Production - Doug Matthews.
6. Fenich, G. Meetings, Expositions, Events, and Conventions: An introduction to the industry. New
Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.
 DSC 1 G 6.2 Marketing

Unit-I: Introduction: Concepts of Marketing: Product Concept – Selling Concept - Societal

Marketing Concept – Marketing Mix - 4 P’s of Marketing – Marketing Environment.

Unit-II: Consumer Markets and Buyer Behaviour: Buying Decision Process – Stages – Buying
Behaviour – Market Segmentation – Selecting Segments – Advantages of Segmentation.

Unit-III: Product Management: Product Life Cycle - New products, Product mix and Product line
decisions - Design, Branding, Packaging and Labeling.

Unit-IV: Pricing Decision: Factors influencing price determination, Pricing strategies: Skimming
and Penetration pricing.

Unit-V: Promotion and Distribution: Promotion Mix - Advertising - Publicity – Public relations -
Personal selling and Direct marketing - Distribution Channels – Online marketing- Global
marketing.

References:

1. Philip Kotler, Marketing Management, Prentice Hall of India.

2. Philip Kotler & Gary Armstrong, Principles of Marketing, Pearson Prentice Hall
3. Stanton J. William & Charles Futrel, Fundamentals of Marketing, McGraw Hill Company
4. V.S. Ramaswamy S. Nama Kumari, Marketing Management – Planning, McMillan
 DSC 2G 6.3 Auditing

Unit-I: Auditing: Meaning – Objectives – Importance of Auditing – Auditing as a Vigil

Mechanism – Role of Auditor in checking corporate frauds.

Unit-II: Types of Audit: Based on Ownership and time - Independent, Financial, Internal, Cost,
Tax, Government, Secretarial audits.

Unit-III: Planning of Audit: Steps to be taken at the commencement of a new audit - Audit
programme - Audit note book - Internal check, internal audit and internal control.

Unit-IV: Vouching and Investigation: Vouching of cash and trading transactions - Investigation,
Auditing vs. Investigation

Unit-V: Company Audit and Auditors Report: Auditor's Qualifications – Appointment and
Reappointment – Rights, duties, liabilities and disqualifications - Audit report: Contents –
Preparation - Relevant Provisions of Companies Act, 2013.

References:

1. S.Vengadamani, “Practical Auditing”, Margham Publications, Chennai.

2. Ghatalia, “Principles of Auditing”, Allied Publishers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
3. Pradeesh Kumar, Baldev Sachdeva & Jagwant Singh, “Auditing Theory and Practice,
Kalyani Publications, Ludhiana.
4. N.D. Kapoor, “Auditing”, S. Chand, New Delhi.
5. R.G. Saxena, “Principles and Practice of Auditing”, Himalaya Publishing House, New Delhi.
6. Jagadesh Prakesh, “Principles and Practices of Auditing” Kalyani Publications, Ludhiana.
7. Kamal Gupta and Ashok Gupta, “Fundamentals of Auditing”, Tata McGraw Hill
8. B.N. Tondan, “Practical Auditing”, S.Chand, New Delhi.
 DSC 3G 6.4 Management Accounting

Unit–I: Management Accounting: Interface with Financial Accounting and Cost Accounting -
Financial Statement analysis and interpretation: Comparative analysis – Common size analysis and
trend analysis (including problems).

Unit–II: Ratio Analysis: Classification, Importance and limitations - Analysis and interpretation of
Accounting ratios - Liquidity, profitability, activity and solvency ratios (including problems).

Unit–III: Fund Flow Statement: Concept of fund: Preparation of funds flow statement. Uses and
limitations of funds flow analysis (including problems).

Unit–IV: Cash Flow Statement: Concept of cash flow – Preparation of cash flow statement - Uses
and limitations of cash flow analysis (including problems).

Unit–V: Break-Even Analysis and Decision Making: Calculation of Break-even point - Uses and
limitations - Margin of safety – Make/Buy Decision - Lease/own Decision (including Problems).

References:
1. S.N. Maheswari, A Textbook of Accounting for Management, S. Chand Publishing, New
Delhi.
2. I.M Pandey, “Management Accounting”, Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi,
3. Shashi K. Gupta & R.K. Sharma, “Management Accounting: Principles and Practice”,
Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana.
4. Jawahar Lal, Accounting for Management, Himalaya Publishing House, New Delhi.
5. Charles T. Horngren, et.al, “Introduction to Management Accounting” Person
EducationIndia, New Delhi, 2002.
6. Murthy & Guruswamy – Management Accounting, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.
7. Dr. Kulsreshtha & Gupta – Practical problems in Management Accounting.
8. Bhattacharya, D., “Management Accounting”, Pearson Education India, New Delhi.
9. S.P. Gupta – Management Accounting, S. Chand Publishing, New Delhi.
 DSC 1H 6.5 - Tally
Unit-I: Introduction to Tally: Introduction, Software versions of Tally, Terminology related to
Accounts credit & Debit, Journal, Ledger, Voucher, Group etc. Difference between Manual
Accounting and Accounting Packages. Features and advantages of Tally.
Unit-II: Introduction of Tally Software, Creation of a company, Gateway of Tally, Accounts
Information, Groups, pre defined Groups, Creation of New Groups, Creation of sub Group.
Unit-III: Ledgers, Ledger Creation – Single and multiple Ledgers, Displaying & altering Ledgers,
configure Ledger, Stock Ledger, Ledgers and their Group Allocation.
Unit-IV: Vouchers –types of vouchers – recording of vouchers – entry of payment voucher, Receipt
voucher, sales voucher, purchase voucher, Journal Voucher, Contra Voucher, Debit & Credit Note.
Creating New Voucher types, customizing the Existing voucher types, Alternation of Voucher,
Deletion of Voucher.
Unit-V: Final Accounts: Customizing the final accounts – Profit and Loss Account, Balance Sheet.
Key board shortcuts in Tally. Generating the Reports from Tally, Trial Balance, Account Books,
Sales, Purchase, Journal Registers, Statement of Accounts, Day Book, List of Accounts.

Reference Books:

1. K. Kiran Kumar, Tally ERP9.

2. Tally 9 In Simple Steps, Kogent solutions Inc., John Wiley & Sons, 2008.
3. Narmata Agarwal, Financial Accounting on Computers Using Tally, Dreamtech Press, 2000.
4. Tally 9.0, Google eBook, Computer World.
5. Vikas Gupta, Comdex Computer and Financial Accounting with Tally 9.0, 2007.
6. Tally ERP 9 Made Simple Basic Financial Accounting, BPB Publisher.
7. Avichi Krishnan, Tally ERP 9 for Real Time Accounting, Book Ganga.
 DSC 2H 6.6 - e-Commerce

Unit-I: Introduction to E-Commerce: Scope, Definition, e-Commerce and the Trade Cycle,
Electronic Markets, Electronic Data Interchange, Internet Commerce. Business Strategy in an
Electronic Age: Supply Chains, Porter’s Value Chain Model, Inter Organizational Value Chains,
Competitive Strategy, First Mover Advantage - Sustainable Competitive Advantage, Competitive
Advantage using E-Commerce - Business Strategy.

Unit-II: Business-to-Business Electronic Commerce: Characteristics of B2B EC, Models of B2B

EC, Procurement Management by using the Buyer’s Internal Market place, Just in Time Delivery,
Other B2B Models, Auctions and Services from traditional to Internet Based EDI, Integration with
Back-end Information System, Role of Software Agents for B2B EC, Electronic marketing in B2B,
Solutions of B2B EC, Managerial Issues, Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), EDI: Nuts and Bolts,
EDI and Business.

Unit-III: Internet and Extranet : Automotive Network Exchange, Largest Extranet, Architecture
of the Internet, Intranet and Extranet, Intranet software, Applications of Intranets, Intranet
Application Case Studies, Considerations in Intranet Deployment, Extranets, Structures of Extranets,
Extranet products and services, Applications of Extranets, Business Models of Extranet
Applications, Managerial Issues. Electronic Payment Systems: Issues and Challenges.

Unit-IV: Public Policy: From Legal Issues to Privacy : Legal Incidents, Ethical and Other Public
Policy Issues, Protecting Privacy, Protecting Intellectual Property, Free speech, Internet Indecency
and Censorship, Taxation and Encryption Policies, Other Legal Issues: Contracts, Gambling and
More, Consumer and Seller Protection in EC.

Unit-V: Infrastructure For EC : Network of Networks, Internet Protocols, Web- Based

client/Server, Internet Security, Selling on the Web, Chatting on the Web, Multimedia delivery,
Analyzing Web Visits, Managerial Issues, Equipment required for establishing EC Sites – Problems
in Operation – Future of EC.

Reference Books
1. David Whiteley, “E-Commerce”, Tata McGraw Hill, 2000.
2. E Business by Parag Kulakarni and Sunitha Jahirabadkar from Oxford University Press.
3. E Business by Jonathan Reynolds from Oxford University Press.
4. Eframi Turban, Jae Lee, David King, K. Michael Chung, “Electronic Commerce”, Pearson
Education, 2000.
5. R. Kalakota and A. B. Whinston, Frontiers of Electronic Commerce, Addison Wesley.
6. David Kosiur, Understanding Electronic Commerce, Microsoft Press.
7. Soka, From EDI to Electronic Commerce, McGraw Hill.
 DSC 3H 6.7 - PHP and My SQL

Unit-I: Building blocks of PHP: Variables, Data Types, Operators and Expressions, Constants.
Flow Control Functions in PHP: Switching Flow, Loops, Code Blocks and Browser Output.
Working with Functions: Defining Functions, Calling functions, returning the values from User-
Defined Functions, Variable Scope, Saving State between Function calls with the Static statement,
more about arguments.

Unit-II: Working with Arrays: Arrays, Creating Arrays, Some Array-Related Functions.
Working with Objects: Creating Objects, Object Instance. Working with Strings, Dates and
Time: Formatting Strings with PHP, Investigating Strings with PHP, Manipulating Strings with
PHP, Using Date and Time Functions in PHP.

Unit-III: Working with Forms: Creating Forms, Accessing Form - Input with User defined Arrays,
Combining HTML and PHP code on a single Page, Using Hidden Fields to save state, Redirecting
the user, Sending Mail on Form Submission, Working with File Uploads. Working with Cookies
and User Sessions: Introducing Cookies, Setting a Cookie with PHP, Session Function Overview,
Starting a Session, Working with session variables, passing session IDs in the Query String,
Destroying Sessions and Unsetting Variables, Using Sessions in an Environment with Registered
Users.

Unit-IV: Working with Files and Directories: Including Files with include(), Validating Files,
Creating and Deleting Files, Opening a File for Writing, Reading or Appending, Reading from Files,
Writing or Appending to a File, Working with Directories, Open Pipes to and from Process Using
popen (), Running Commands with exec(), Running Commands with system ( ) or passthru ( ).
Working with Images: Understanding the Image-Creation Process, Necessary Modifications to
PHP, Drawing a New Image, Getting Fancy with Pie Charts, Modifying Existing Images, Image
Creation from User Input.

Unit-V: Interacting with MySQL using PHP: MySQL Versus MySQLi Functions, Connecting to
MySQL with PHP, Working with MySQL Data. Creating an Online Address Book: Planning and
Creating Database Tables, Creating Menu, Creating Record Addition Mechanism, Viewing Records,
Creating the Record Deletion Mechanism, Adding Sub-entities to a Record.

References:

1. Julie C. Meloni, PHP MySQL and Apache, SAMS Teach Yourself, Pearson Education
(2007).
2. Xue Bai Michael Ekedahl, The Web Warrior Guide to Web Programming, Thomson (2006).