JUNE 2015

f ( 1 )=0 ⇒ a+1−12−1+ 2=0 ⇒ a=10

1. (i) { f (−1 )=10−1−12+1+2=0
(ii) Let α and βbe the roots of the equation x 2 ( k+ 1 ) x +k =0
We suppose α =2 β.
−1
Sum of roots:α + β=3 β=−k −1 ⟹ β= (k +1)
3
2 2
Product of roots:αβ =2 β =k ⟹ (k +1)
9
2 2 2 2
Product of roots: α β =2 β =k ⟹ ( k + 1 ) =k ⟹ 2 k + 4 k + 2=¿9k
9
1
⟹ 2 k 2−5 k +2=0 ⟹ k=2 or k =
2
sinθ+ sin 2θ sin θ+2 sin θ cos θ sinθ ( 1+2 cos θ )
2. (i) = = =tan θ.
1+ cos θ+cos 2 θ 1+cos θ+2 cos θ−1 cos θ ( 1+2 cos θ )
2

(ii) sin 4 x+ cos 2 x=0⇒ 2sin ( 2 x ) cos ( 2 x )+ cos ( 2 x ) =0 ⇒cos 2 x ( 2 sin 2 x +1 )=0
−1
⇒ cos 2 x=0 or sin 2 x= .
2
1 π π π
For cos 2 x=0, P .V : x= cos 0= . So, 2 x=2 nπ ± ⇒ x=nπ ± ; n∈ Z .
−1
-
2 4 2 4
−1 n +1 π π π
- For sin 2 x=
2
, P .V :2 x=nπ + (−1 )
6 ()
⇒ x=n + (−1 )n +1
2 12 ( )
; n ∈ Z.

π π π
{
The solution set is: S= x : x=nπ ±
4 }{
; n ∈ Z ∪ x : x=n + (−1 )n+ 1
2 12 ( )
;n∈ Z }
(iii)

π π
π
2 (
sin 3 x+ cos x=sin 3 x+ sin −x =2 sin ) ( 3 x+ −x
2
2
) (
cos
3 x− + x
2
2
) π
( ) ( π
=2 sin x+ cos 2 x− =0
4 4
.
)
⇒ sin x+ ( π4 )=0 ⇒ x+ π4 =nπ ⇒ x=nπ − π4 or cos (2 x− π4 )=0 ⇒2 x− π4 =2 nπ ± π2 ⇒ x=nπ ± π4 + π8 . So,
π 3π π
{
solution set, S= x : x=nπ−
4 }{
; n ∈ Z ∪ x : x=nπ +
8 }{
; n ∈ Z ∪ x : x=nπ − ; n∈ Z .
8 }
3. (i) Monotony of f
 Do m f =R ; f ' ( x )=1−x 2 and f ' ( x )=0 ⟺ x=± 1
- ∀ x ∈ ¿−∞ ,−1 ¿. So, f is strictly decreasing in the interval ¿−∞ ,−1 ¿.
- ∀ x ∈ ¿−1,1 ¿. So, f is strictly increasing in the interval ¿−1,1¿.
- ∀ x ∈ ¿1 ,+∞ ¿. So, f is strictly decreasing in the interval ¿ 1 ,+∞ ¿.
Variation table
lim f ( x ) =+ ∞ and lim f ( x )=−∞.
The limits at the bounds of the domain of definition are: x→−∞ x→+∞

We obtain the variation table below.

x −∞ −1 1 +∞
f '(x) −¿ +¿ −¿
+∞ 2
3
f (x)
−2
3 −∞
dy 1 2 x2 +1 1
(ii) x
dx
= y ( 2 x2 +1 ) ⇒ dy=
y x x ( )
dx= 2 x + dx ⇒ln y=x 2 +ln x +ln A
2

⇒ y =Ax e x , A>0.
n −n
4. (i) According to De Moivre’s theorem, z n + z−n=( eiθ ) + ( e iθ ) =einθ + e−inθ
¿ cos nθ+ isin nθ+ cos nθ−isin nθ=2cos nθ. QED
z+ z −1 5 1 −1 5
from what precedes, for n=1 ,cos θ= ⇒ cos θ= ( z + z )
2 32
1 5
5
⇒ cos θ= [ z +5 z 4 z−1 +10 z3 z−2 +10 z 2 z−3+ 5 z z−4 + z−5 ]= 1 [ ( z 5 + z−5 ) +5 ( z 3 + z−3 ) +10 ( z+ z−1) ]= 1 [ 2cos 5 θ
32 32 32
2 2 2
(ii) (a) |z 1 z 2| =| z1| ×|z 2| =4 × 2=8
4 π 4π 2π
(b) arg ( z 1 ) =4 arg ( z 1) =4 × = ≡− [2π ]
3 3 3
−1 2 −3
5. (a) AB× BC = −1
−2
× −1
1
=
( )( )( )
−3
3
(b) Let the angle between AB and BC be θ. We have: | AB× BC |=| AB||BC|sin θ.
| AB × BC| 3 √ 3 3
⇒ sin θ= = =√
| AB||BC| √ 6 × √ 6 2
(c) Let ( Π ) be the plane containing A , B and C.
 The equation of ( Π ) is: BM ⋅n=0, with M ( x , y , z ) any point on the plane and n=AB × BC a normal to

1 x+ 1
( )( )
the plane. So, BM ⋅n=−3 1 ⋅ y =−3 ( x + y−z +2 )=0.
−1 z−1
So, the plane has equation: ( Π ) : x+ y −z+ 2=0. A normal to this plane is n' =i+ j−k .
The line is parallel to the plane iff d, its direction vector ⊥ar to n' .
n ⋅ d=0 ⟺3 μ−1−5=0 ⇒ μ=+2
6. (a) det ( A )=2 ( 1−4 )−1 ( 3−4 )+ 2 ( 6−2 )=3
−3 1 4 −3 3 0
−1
(b) A =
1
| A| ( ) T
adj ( A ) . Cof ( A )= 3 −2 −2 ⇒ adj ( A ) =[ Cof ( A ) ] = 1 −2 2
0 2 −1 4 −2 −1 ( )
−3 3 0
−1
Therefore, A =
1
3 (1 −2 2
4 −2 −1 )
2 x + y +2 z =3 x 3
{
The system of linear equations ( S ) : 3 x + y +2 z=3 is equivalent to: AX=b, with X = y and b= 3 .
2 x +2 y+ z=2 z 2 () ()
1 0
−1
So, X =A b=
3 1
4 ()
3

{
lim ( 3 t+ 1 ) r =A=
1 A B 1 2 3 1
7. Let r = = + ⇒ t →−
3 ⇒ r= − .
( 3 t+ 1 )( t +1 ) 3 t +1 t+1 −1 2 ( 3 t +1 ) 2 ( t+1 )
lim ( t+ 1 ) r =B=
t →−1 2
π
4 dt 2t
Let I =∫ dx . let t=tan θ ⇒ dx= 2 and
sin 2 θ= .
3+5 sin 2 x 1+t 1+t 2
0

1 1 1 1
dt dt 1 3 1 1 3 t +1 1
So, I =∫
0
2
=∫
3t +10 t+3 0 ( t+ 3 )( 3 t +1 )
= ∫
8 0 3 t+1
−
t+3 [
dt= ln
8 t +3 0 8 ]
= ln 3.
[ | |]
3
8. (i) Let f ( x )= |23 x−3
x+ 4
|; Dom =R− 32 . f {} So, for x≠ ,
2

|23xx−3
+4
|< 1⇒ ( 3 x +4 ) −( 2 x−3) <0 ⇒ ( 5 x+ 1)( x +7) <0 ⇒
2 2
solution set,

3 −3 1
{
S= x ∈ R∨−7< x ←
2 }{
∪ x ∈ R∨
2
<x← .
5 }
(ii) Let ( C ) be the curve of f in the xy-coordinate plane.
x +2
Let y=f ( x )= . Do m f =R−{−1 }=¿−∞ ,−1 [∪]−1 ,+∞ ¿.
x +1
Limits at the bounds
lim f ( x )=1 and lim f ( x )=∞ . So, the lines L1 : x=−1 and L2 : y =1 are respectively V.A. and H.A. to
x→ ±∞ x→−1

the curve ( C ).
Behavior of the curve at the asymptotes
lim ¿ and lim ¿.
−¿ +¿
x→−1 f ( x ) =−∞ ¿ x→−1 f ( x ) =+∞ ¿

Variations of f
1 2
'
f ( x )=
|1 1|
=
−1
<0 ∀ x ∈ R
. so, f is strictly decreasing on its domain of definition.
2 2
( x+1 ) ( x+1 )
Variation table

Intercepts
x-intercept: (−2,0 ) and y-intercept: ( 0,2 ) .
Sketch
 6 ( x−3 ) x +2
9. (i) g ∘ f ( x )=g [ f ( x ) ]=f ( x )+5= ⇒ f ( x) =
x−4 x−4
Let’s show that f is surjective.
Let x 1 , x 2 ∈ Domf such that f ( x 1 ) =f ( x 2 ). We show that x 1=x 2.
x 1 +2 x2 +2
f ( x 1 ) =f ( x 2 ) ⇔ = ⇒ x 1 x2−4 x 1 +2 x 2−8=x 1 x 2−4 x 2+ 2 x 1−8 ⇒ 6 ( x 2−x 1 )=0 ⇒ x1 =x2
x 1−4 x 1−4
(ii) (a) p ⇒q: If Eric plays golf then Oscar plays tennis.
(b) q ⇒ p: If Oscar does not play tennis then Eric plays golf.
(c) ( p ∨q ) ≡ p ∧ q: Eric does not play golf and Oscar does not play tennis.
1
1−x 12
−1
10. (i) ( 1+kx )=( 1− x ) 2 ( 1+ kx ) 2

1
x x2 3k2 2
−1
1
( 1−x ) 2 =1− − + ⋯ and ( 1+kx ) 2 =1− kx + x +⋯
2 8 2 8

1−x 12 1( 3 k2 k 1 2
⇒ (
1+ kx )
=1− k +1 x +
2
)
8 4 8 (
+ − x + ⋯=1−2 x+ 4 x 2+ ⋯ )
1
⇒
{ 2
( k +1 )=2 ⋯ ( 1 )
3 k2 k 1
+ − =4 ⋯ ( 2 )
8 4 8
⇒ k=3.

1
1 −1 −1 1 1−x
( 1−x ) is valid for: −1< x <1 and ( 1+3 x ) 2 is valid for:
2
3
< x < . So,
3 ( 1+3 x )
2
is valid for

−1 1
<x< .
3 3

JUNE 2016
1. (i) Sum of roots: α + β=1 and Product of roots: αβ =2
1 1 2+ ( α + β )2 −2 αβ −1
Sum of new roots: 2
+ 2
= 2 2
=
1+ α 1+ β 1+ ( αβ ) + ( α + β ) −2 αβ 2
1 1 1 1
Product of new roots: ( )( )
2
1+α 1+ β 2
= 2 2
=
1+ ( αβ ) + ( α + β ) −2 αβ 2
2
Equation of new roots: x −( ∑ new roots ) x+ Π new roots =0
So, 2 x2 + x +1=0 .
(ii) P ( x ) =( 2 x−1 )( x−3 ) Q ( x ) +12 x−8. P of degree 3 ⇒ Q ( x ) of degree 1. Let Q ( x ) =ax +b
 P ( 1 ) =0 ⇒ a+b=2 ⋯ ( 1 )
a , b ∈ R. { P ( 0 )=10 { b=6 ⋯ ( 2 )
. (2) in (1) ⇒ a=−4 and so, Q ( x ) =−4 x+6.

3 0 0 3 0 0

0 0 3 ( )0 0 3( ) −1 1
2. MN = 0 3 0 =3 I and NM = 0 3 0 =3 I . So, M = N .
3

3 0 1 3 0 1

6 3 () () ()
We have: MA= 0 ; MB= 5 and MC= 0 ⇒ A=M 0 ; B=M 5 ; C=M 0
1
−1

6
−1

3
−1

1 () () ()
1 3 1 1 0 1 1 1 0
3
6 0
3 () () () ( )
So, A= N 0 = 1 ; B= N 5 = −2 and C= N 0 = 1 .
3 2
3
1 1 ()()
Therefore, A ( 1,1,0 ) , B ( 1 ,−2,2 ) and C ( 0,1,1 ) .
b 2
1 1
3. (i) The mean value of f in the interval [ a , b ] ⊂ Dom f is c= ∫
b−a a
f ( x ) dx = ∫ x 3 dx=0
2−2 −2
f ( 0 )=0. So, the tangent touches thee curve at ( 0,0 ) .
More precisely, Since the function f is continuous on [ −2,2 ] and differentiable on ¿−2,2¿, then
∃ c ∈¿ a ,b ¿ such that the tangent at c ( x=c ) is parallel to the secant line (chord) joining (−2,8 ) and
( 2,8 ) .
f ( 2 ) −f (−2 )
f ' ( c )= =0 but f ' ( c )=3 c 2 ⇒ c=0 and f ( 0 )=0.
2−(−2 )
Therefore, the tangent touches thee curve at ( 0,0 ) .
dy 2 y 1 2y 1 2 x2
(ii) y =x ( 1+ y ) ⇒ 2 dy=xdx ⇒ ∫ 2 dy=∫ xdx ⇒ ln ( y +1 )= + ln A ; A> 0
dx y +1 2 y +1 2 2
2
x
√
2

⇒ y 2 +1=k e x ; k = A2 and so, y= k e 2 −1.

4
4. (i) cos 4 θ=R e ( e i 4 θ )=R e [ ( e iθ ) ] =R e [ ( c +is )4 ], with c=cos θ and s=sinθ.
2
We have: ( c +is )4 =c 4 −i ( 4 c 3 s ) −6 c 2 ( 1−c 2 )−i ( 4 s 3 c ) + ( 1−c 2 ) .

⇒ cos 4 θ=8 c 4 −8 c 2+1. Therefore, cos 4 θ=8 cos 4 θ−8 cos 2 θ+1.
1 1 1 z1 + z2 |z 1+ z2| 5 1
(ii) 3
= + ⇒ z3 = ⇒|z 3|= = = .
z z 1 z2 z z
1 2 | z1||z 2| √ 5 × √ 20 2
π 1 1 −π
2 2 (
arg ( z 3 )=arg ( z 1 + z 2) −arg ( z 1 z 2 )=arg ( z 1 + z 2) −arg ( z 1 )−arg ( z 2 )= −tan −1 − π −tan −1 =
2 )2
π
1 −i −1
So, z 3= e 2 = i.
2 2
 −2 −3 25
5. (i) AC × AB= ( c−a ) × ( b−a ) = 0
−5
× 5
−3
=
−10 ( )( )( )
9 ⇒ AC × AB=25 i+9 j−10 k

(ii) Vector equation: r ⋅n=OA ⋅ n ⇔r ⋅ ( AC × AB )=OA ⋅ ( AC × AB )=15.

Therefore, the vector equation of the plane ( ABC ) is: r ⋅ ( 25 i+ 9 j−10 k ) =15.
A cartesian equation of this plane is: 25 x+ 9 y−10 z−15=0.
r cos α=8 ⇒r =√ 64+225=17 −1 15
6. r cos ( θ+ α )=r cos θ cos α −r sin θ sin α ⇒
r sin α=15 { and α =tan
8
≈ 61.93° . ( )
So, f ( θ )=17 cos ( θ+61.93 ° ).
1.3
(i) 80 cos θ−150 sin θ=13 ⇒8 cos θ−15 sin θ=1.3 ⇒ cos ( θ+61.93 ° )=
17

⇒ θ+ 61.93° =360° n ± cos1 ( 1.317 ) ⇒θ=360° n ± 85.61°−61.93° ; n ∈ Z

(ii) We have: −1 ≤cos (θ +61.93 ° ) ≤ 1, ∀ θ ∈ R ⇒−14 ≤ f ( θ ) +3 ≤ 20.
5 5
So, is maximum when f ( θ )+ 3=−14 ⇒ maximum value ¿− and
f ( θ ) +3 14
1
minimum value ¿ .
4

A B lim ( x +1 ) f ( x )= A=−4
7. (i)
f ( x )= +
x +1 x+ 3
⇒ x →−1
{
lim ( x+3 ) f ( x )=B=9
x →−3
. So, f ( x )=
9
−
4
x +3 x +1

∫ f ( x ) dx=9 [ ln ( x +3 ) ]3−4 [ ln ( x +1 ) ]3=9 ln ( 43 )−4 ln ( 32 )

5 5

f ( xn )
(ii) Let x 0=1.5 . According to Newton-Raphson, ∀ n ∈ N , x n+1=x n −
¿

f ' ( xn )
2
f ( x0 )
5 ( 1.5 ) −4 √1.5−6
x 1=x 0− ' =1.5− =1.474
So, f ( x0 ) 2 to 3 d.p.
15−
√ 1.5
x+ 2 x +2 5−2 x 5
8. (i)
x−1
<3 ⇒
x−1
−3<0 ⇒
x−1
< 0 ⇒ solution set, S= { x ∈ R∨x< 1 } ∪ x ∈ R∨x >
2 { }
3 x−4
(ii) f ( x )= , x ≠−2 ⇒ Dom f =R−{−2 }
x+2
4 +2 y 4+2 x
(a) Let f ( x )= y ⇒3 x−4=xy+ 2 y ⇒ x (3− y )=4+ 2 y ⇒ x=
−1
. So, f ( x )= and so, the
3− y 3−x
range of f is: R=Domf =R−{ 3 }. −1

(b) Limits at the bounds of Do mf

 lim f ( x )=3 and lim f ( x )=∞. Therefore, the lines L1 : y =3 and L2 : x=−2 are respectively H.A.
x→ ±∞ x→−2

and V.A. to the curve ( C ) of f .

Behavior of the curve at the asymptotes
lim ¿ and lim ¿.
−¿ +¿
x→−2 f ( x ) =+∞ ¿ x→−2 f ( x ) =−∞ ¿

Variations of f
10
f ' ( x )= >0 , ∀ x ∈ R . so, f is strictly increasing on its domain of definition.
( x+2 )2
Variation table

Intercepts

x-intercept: ( 43 , 0 ) and y-intercept: ( 0 ,−2 ).

Sketch
 a
9. y−2=b ( x−1 ) ⇒log 10 ( y−2 )=a log 10 ( x−1 ) + log 10 b which is equivalent to: y=mx+c, with m=a and
c=log 10 b .
Graph
6 6
1 6 6−k
1 1
=∑ 6 ( x 2 ) ∑ 6 2k x 3 k−6. The term independent of x occurs when
k
10. (i) ( x2 +
2x ) k=0 k
() ( ) 2 x
= ()
64 k=0 k

1 1 15
× 6 ×22 = ×15= .
3 k −6=0. i.e. k =2. The coefficient of this term is:
64 2() 16 16

20
u +u =
20

{
(ii) ∀ n ∈ N , un >0 : 1 2 3 ⇒
S ∞=12
a+ar =
a
1−r
=12
3
{
20 2
(a) From equation (1), a=
3 ( 1+r ) ( )
⇒ ( a , r )= 4 , .
3
20 2 2 76
(b) u1 +u2 +u3 =
3
+4 ×()
3
= .
9
 JUNE 2017
1. (i) For real and distinct roots,
2 2
b −4 ac> 0 ⇔ ( 2−k ) + 4 ( 2−k ) >0 ⇒ ( 2−k ) ( 6−k ) >0.
So, the solution set is: S= { k :k <2 } ∪ { k :k >6 }
y log 3 log3 1 log 3 1
(i)
2 x =2 y ⇒ x =
log2
⇒y (
log2
+1 =1 ⇒ y= )
log3 . So,
+1
x= ×
log 2 log 2+ log 3
log 2 log 2
log 3
So, x= . QED
log 6
n 3n
2. (i) Sn=S 3 n ⇒ [ a−( n−1 ) ]= [ a−( 3 n−1 ) ] ⇒ a=4 n−1
2 2
When n=10 , a=39
10
S30=S3 ( 10)=S10= [ 39−9 ] =150. So, S30=150
2
24 24 k
1 24 ( x 3 )24−k −1
(ii) From Newton’s Binomial theorem, x −
x ( 3
) =∑ ( )k=0 k ( )
x
24 24
1
⇒ x−
x( 3
) =∑ ( 24k ) (−1 ) (24k ) x
k=0
k 72−4 k
. The term in x−12 occurs when:

72−12
72−4 k =−12 ⇒ k = =15 . So, the position of the term in x−12 is 15.
4
5 3
dy 5
3. (i) (a) Applying the chain rule, y= (1+2 x ) 2 ⇒ = × 4 x × ( 1+ 2 x )
2
dx 2
dy 3
So, =10 x ( √ 1+ 2 x )
dx
1+ x 2 dy 2x 2x 2 x−2 x3 +2 x +2 x 3 4x
(b) y=ln ( )
1−x 2
=ln ( 1+ x 2
) −ln ( 1−x 2
) ⇒ = 2
+
dx 1+ x 1−x 2
=
1−x 4
=
1−x 4
dy 4x
So, =
dx 1−x 2

dy −c
x=ct
(ii)
{ y=
t
dy dt
c . The gradient of the tangent is: = =
dx dx
dt
t 2 −1
c
= 2.
t

At the point P ct , ( ct ), the tangent has equation: y− ct = −1t ( x−ct ) 2

⇒ t 2 y −tc=−x + ct ⇒ x +t 2 y=2 ct . QED

4. (i) y=a nx ⇒ln y=x ln n+ ln a
 f ( x0 ) '
(ii) Let x 0=0.2 , x1 =x 0− ' with f ( x 0 ) ≠ 0.
f ( x0 )
0.392
f ( 0.2 )=−0.392 ; f ' ( x ) =3 x 2 +3 ⇒ f ' ( 0.2 )=3.12⇒ x 1=0.2− =0.33 to 2 d.p.
3.12
So, the 2nd approximation to the root of the equation f ( x )=0 is x=0.33
p (−1 ) =0 ⇒ −a−1−b−a=0 ⇒ −2 a−b=1 ⋯ ( 1 )
5. (i) Let f ( x )=a x 3− x2 +bx−a. { p ( 2 ) =0 {
8 a−4+2 b−a=0 7 a+2 b=4 ⋯ ( 2 ) {
( 1 ) and ( 2 ) ⇒ ( a , b )= ( 2,−5 ).
The remainder is: p ( 4 )=2 ( 4 )3−4 2−5 ( 4 )−2=90.
So, the remainder when p ( x ) is divided by x−4 is 90.
5 7 10 x+ 15−7 x−14 3 x+ 1
(ii) − = =
x+2 2 x+3 ( x +2 ) ( 2 x +3 ) ( x +2 ) ( 2 x +3 )
3 3 −3 ( x+ 2 )
f ∘ g ( x )= = = ⇒ Do m f ∘ g=R−{ 5 }= { x ∈ R∨x ≠−5 }
6. (i) (a) g ( x )−2 x−1 −2 x+5
x +2
3
−1
f ( x )−1 x−2 5−x 1 1
g ∘ f ( x )=
f ( x ) +2
=
3
+2
=
2 x−1
⇒ Do m g ∘ f =R− = x ∈ R∨x ≠
2 2 {}{ }
x−2
(b) Let’s show that g is not surjective.
2 y+1
Let y=g ( x ) ⇒ x−1=xy +2 y ⇒ x ( 1− y ) =2 y +1 ⇒ x=
1− y
−1 2 x +1
So, g ( x )= for x ∈ R , x ≠1. Since the range of g , R g ={ x ∈ R∨x ≠ 1 } ≠ Codo mg=R . So, g is
1−x
not surjective.
(ii) aRb ⟺ a+b=2 n , n ∈ N. Let’s verify that R is an equivalence relation in A.
- Reflexivity: Let a ∈ A. Then a+ a=2 a ; a ∈ N ⇒ aRa and R is reflexive.
- Symmetry: Let a , b ∈ A∨aRb then ∃n ∈ N∨a+ b=b+a=2 n⇒ bRa.

a , b , c ∈ A aRb ⇒ ∃n , m∈ N a+b=2 n .
- Transitivity: Let |{ bRc |{ b+ c=2 m
( 1 ) + ( 2 ) ⇒ a+2 b+ c=2 ( n+ m ) ⇒ a+c=2 p, with p=n+m−b ∈ N . So, aRc.
1
7. (i) sin 2 θ= ⇒2 sinθ cos 2 θ=1 ⇒ 2 sinθ ( 1−sin 2 θ )−1=0 ⇒ 2 sin3 θ−2 sin θ+1=0
cos θ
⇒ sin θ=−1.1915 (No solution).
3 −2 5
(ii) |M |= 7
| |
4 −8 =−301 ≠ 0. So, the matrix M is invertible.
5 −3 −4
 −40 −12 −41 40 23 −4
( ) T
Cof ( M )= −23 −37 −1 ⇒ adj ( M )=[ Cof ( M ) ] = −12 −37 59
−4 59 26 −41 −5 26 ( )
40 23 −4
−1
So, M =
adj ( M )
=
1
(
−12 −37 59
|M | 301 −41 −5 26 )
( 1−2 i+ 1+ 3i ) ( 2−i ) 4 3
8. (i) ( 4−3
2−i
i
) z−( 1+ 3i ) =1−2 i⇒ z=
4−3 i
= + i.
5 5
13+3 λ=5+7 μ
L
(ii) (a) 1 2
=L ⟺
{
4−8 λ=22−17 μ ⇒ μ=2 and λ=
11−6 λ=9−5 μ
−8+7 ( 2 )
3
=2. So, ( λ , μ )= (2 , 2 )

The position vector of the point of intersection is: r 0 =19i−12 j−k .

(b) Let θ be the acute angle (0 ≤ θ ≤ π2 ) between L1 and L2.

( 3i−8 j−6 k )( 7 i−17 j−5 k ) 187

cos θ= =
|3 i−8 j−6 k||7 i−17 j−5 k| √ 39567
9. (i) Let’s verify that C 1 C 2=r 1 +r 2 with C 1: centre of S1; C 2: centre of S2; r 1: radius of S1;
r 2: radius of S2.

S 1 : ( x +1 )2+ ( y+1 )2 =1 ⇒ C1 (−1,−1 ) ; r 1=1 ⇒C C = 32 +02 =3

{S 2 : ( x−2 )2 + ( y +1 )2=4 {
C2 ( 2,−1 ) ; r 1=2
1 2 √ and r 1 +r 2=3 . Therefore, S1 and S2

touch externally.
Let P be the point of contact between S1 and S2. P divides C 1 C 2 (internally) in the ratio: r 1 :r 2=1 :2/

1 ( 2 ) +2 (−1 ) 1 (−1 )+ 2 (−1 )

so, the coordinates of P are: x= =0 and y= =−1. So, P ( 0 ,−1 )
2+1 2+ 1
(ii) (a) There are 2 ways in which the parents sit next to each other. Considering them as 1 person,
they and their children occupy the chair in 2 ×6 P6=2× 6!=1 440 ways.
Or still, once the parents are seated (they do this in 6 ways), the children sit in 5 ! ways. Making a total
of 2 ×6 ×5 !=2 ×6 !=1 440 ways.
(b) The parents can sit in 2 ways adjacent to each other and can occupy the ends of the bench in 2
ways. Once they are seated, the children then occupy the remaining 5 positions in 5 ! ways. Making a
total of 2 ×2 ×5 !=480 ways.
 lim xf ( x ) =A=1

10. (i) f

4
A B
( x )= + +
C
x x +1 x +2
⇒ lim
x→−1
x→0
( x+1 ) f (
{
x ) =B=−2
lim ( x +2 ) f ( x )=C=1

4
x →−2
⇒ f
1
( x) = −
2
+
1
x x+1 x +2

4
x ( x +2 )
Let I =∫ f ( x ) dx=∫
2 2
[ 1
−
2
+
1
x x +1 x +2
dx = ln ] [ ( )]
( x+ 1 )2 2
=ln ( 2554×2 )=ln ( 2725 ). QED
2 x−7
(ii) Let y=f ( x )=
x−4
Domain of definition
f is defined for: x−4 ≠ 0⇒ x ≠ 4 ⇒ Dom f =R− { 4 }=¿−∞, 4[∪] 4 ,+∞ ¿

Limits at the bounds of Do mf

lim f ( x )=2 and lim f ( x )=∞ . Therefore, the lines L1 : y =2 and L2 : x=4 are respectively H.A. and
x→ ±∞ x→ 4

V.A. to the curve ( C ) of f .

Behavior of the curve at the asymptotes
lim ¿ and lim ¿.
−¿ +¿
x→ 4 f ( x ) =−∞ ¿ x→ 4 f ( x ) =+∞ ¿

Variations of f

−15
f ' ( x )= <0 , ∀ x ∈ R . so, f is strictly decreasing on its domain of definition.
( x−4 )2

Variation table

Intercepts

x-intercept: ( 72 ,0) and y-intercept: (0 , 74 ).

Sketch
 JUNE 2019 (Pure Maths with Mechanics)

1. (i) (a) { P ( 1 ) =−6{

P (−2 )=0 ⇒ −8 a−12−2 b+6=0 ⇒ 4 a+ b=−3 ⇒ P (−2 )=0 ⇒ a=2
a−3+b +6=−6 a+b=−9 { P ( 1 )=−6 b=−11{ {
(b) So, from (i), (a): P ( x ) =2 x 3−3 x 2−11 x +6
Let’s solve the equation P ( x ) =0 ⇒ ( x+ 2 ) ( 2 x 2−7 x+ 3 )= ( x +2 ) ( x−3 ) ( 2 x−1 ) =0
1
⇒ x=−2∨x= ∨x=3.
2

(ii) p ⇒ q: If Comfort studies hard then, she will pass the exam.

(d) p ⇒ q: Comfort will not pass the examination if she does not study hard.
(e) ( p ⇒ q ) ≡ p ∧ q : Comfort studies hard but she will not pass the examination
2. a) Y =log 10 (mX + c)⇒ 10Y =mX +c which is of the form: y=mx+c, with
y=10 Y ∧x=X .
TABLE
b)
2 x+1
3. (i) f ( x )= ; Do mf =R ¿ 4 }
x−4
 (a) Injectivity: let x 1 , x 2 ∈ Dom f /f ( x 1)=f ( x 2 ). Let’s show x 1=x 2
2 x1 +1 2 x 2 +1
f ( x 1 ) =f ( x 2 ) ⟺ = ⇒ ( 2 x 1+1 )( x 2−4 ) =( 2 x 2+1 ) ( x 1−4 )
x 1−4 x2 −4
We see that x 1and x 2 are symmetric ⇒ x 1=x 2 and so, f is injective.
4 y +1
(b) Let y=f ( x ) ⇒ yx −4 y =2 x +1 ⇒ x ( y−2 )=4 y+ 1⇒ x=
y −2
4 x+1
So, ∀ x ∈ R ¿ {2¿}, f ( x )= ⇒ Dom f =R−{2 }
−1
x−2
−1

(ii). aRb ⟺ a+b=odd ⟺ a+b=2 m+ 1, m∈ Z

Let’s show that R is not an equivalence relation in Z:
R is not reflexive because for a ∈ Z , a+a=2 a which is not an odd number.
4. (i) ( k +5 ) x 2−10 x +2 kx=9 k ⇒ ( k + 5 ) x 2 + ( 2 k−10 ) x−9 k=0
For equal roots b 2−4 ac=0 ⟺ 4 ( k−5 )2−4 (−9 k )( k +5 )=0
⇒ k 2−10 k +25+ 9 k 2 +45 k =0 ⇒10 k 2 +35 k +25=0 ⇒ 2 k 2 +7 k +5=0
−5
So, k =−1or k =
2
(ii) We have:

6 girls 4boys
1 2
2 1
n ¿6 C 1 ×4 C2 +¿6 C2 ×4 C 1=96 ¿ ways.
5. (i) f ( x )−x 3−4 x 2−x−12 ⇒ f ' ( x )=3 x 2−8 x−1
f ( x 0)
Let x 0=4.5 , x 1=x 0− '
f ( x0 )
=4.5− ( −6.375
23.75 )
=4.77

(ii) (a) U 10=S10 −S 9=2 ( 100 ) +10−2 ( 8 ) −9=39

2 2
(b) U n =S n−Sn−1=2n +n−2 ( n−1 ) −( n−1 ) =4 n−1
So, U n =4 n−1 , ∀ n ∈ N
2 dy 1 −2 −2 2 A B
6. (i) ( x −1 ) +2 y=0 ⟺ dy = 2 dx= dx . Let r = = +
dx y x −1 ( x +1 ) ( x −1 ) ( x +1 ) ( x−1 ) x +1 x−1

lim ( x+1 ) r= A=−1

⇒
{
x →−1
lim ( x−1 ) r=B=1
x→ 1
. And so, r =
1
−
1
x−1 x+ 1
1
⇒ ∫ dy=∫
y
1
−
1
x −1 x +1
dx ( )
x +1
⇒ ln y =ln ( 1+ x )−ln ( x−1 ) +ln A ; A>0 ⇒ y =A ( x−1 ) ; A >0.
 x +1
Initial conditions: when x=2 , y=3 ⇒ A=1. So, y= =f ( x ) .
x−1
1+ λ=2+2 μ ⋯ ( 1 )

{
7. (a) L1=L2 ⇒ −1−λ=a+ μ ⋯ ( 2 ) .
3+ λ=6+3 μ ⋯ ( 1 )
( 1 )+ ( 2 ) ⇒ 2+ a+3 μ=0 ⇒ a=−2−3 μ
{
( 2 ) + ( 3 ) ⇒ 2=a+6+ 4 μ ⇒ μ=−2
.

So, a=−2+6=4.
(b) From 7. (a), μ=−2⇒ λ=−1−4 +2=−3. The position vector of the point of intersection, I is
r I =i− j+ 3 k−3 i+3 j−3 k=−2 i+ 2 j. So, r I =−2 i+ 2 j.
(c) Let the angle between the respective direction vectors d 1 and d 2 of L1 and L2 be α.
d 1 ⋅ d 2 ( i− j+ k ) ⋅ (2 i+ j+3 k ) 4
cos α= = = .
|d1||d 2| √3 × √14 √ 42
2 A B lim ( x +1 ) f ( x )=A=−1
8. (i) (a)
f ( x )= =
2
+
x −1 x +1 x−1
⇒ x →−1
{
lim ( x−1 ) f ( x ) =B=1
x →1
. So, f ( x )=
1
−
1
x−1 x+1

5 5

(b) Let I =∫ f ( x ) dx ⇒ I = ln
3
x−1
x +1[ ( )] =ln ( 43 ).QED
3

(ii) Let I =∫ cos 3 x sin 3 x dx=∫ cos 2 x sin 3 x d ( sin x ) =∫ ( 1−sin 2 x ) sin 3 x dx

3 5 sin 4 x sin 6 x
¿ ∫ sin x−sin x d sin x
( ) ( ) . so, I= − + k ; k ∈ Z.
4 6

9. (i) (a) r sin ( θ− λ )=r sin θ cos λ−r cos θ sin λ ⇒ {rrsincosλ=λ=1√3 ⇒ r =2
−1 π
and θ=tan ( √ 3 )= .
3

(b) ∀ θ ∈ R ,−2 ≤ 2sin θ− ( π3 ) ≤2 ⇒1 ≤3+ 2sin (θ− π3 ) ≤5 ⇒ 15 ≤ f ( θ1) +3 ≤ 1.

1
So, maximum value = 1 and minimum value = .
5
(ii) Variations of h:

h' ( x ) =3 x2 −3. So, h' ( x ) =0 ⟺ x=±1.

(a) ∀ x ∈ ¿−∞ ,−1 [∪ ]1 ,+∞ ¿. So, h is strictly monotonous increasing in the interval
¿−∞ ,−1[∪]1 ,+∞ ¿ .
(b) ¿−1,1¿. So, h is strictly monotonous decreasing in the interval ¿−1,1¿.
−π
10. (i) r =|z|= 12 + (−√ 3 )2=2 and arg ( z )=−tan ( √ 3 ) [ 2 π ] =
−1
√ [ 2 π ].
3
 π π
So, z=2 cos [ ( ) ( )]
3
+ isin
3
π π
−i( 2 π + )
7π 7π
According to De Moivre’s theorem, z =2 cos
3
7
−isin 7
3 [ ( ) ( )]
=128 e 3
−i
=128 e 3

1 0 0 1 0 0
( ) ( )
(ii) AB= 0 1 0 =I and BA= 0 1 0 =I . We conclude that A−1=B .
0 0 1 0 0 1

3 3 −1 8 2
(
BM = −2 −2 1 −7 = −1 .
−4 −5 2 1 5 )( ) ( )
x− y+ z =8
The system of linear equations ( S ) : 2
{
y−z =−7 is equivalent to the matrix system: Ax=M, with
2 x +3 y=1

x 2
()
X = y . So, X =A −1 M =BM = −1 .
z 5 ( )
JUNE 2020 (Pure maths with mechanics P2)
1. (i) We have: f ( x )=( x +1 ) ( x 2+5 x +6 ) =( x+ 1 )( x +2 )( x +3 )
(ii) Let λ ∈ R. Let’s show that the roots of the quadratic equation 3 x 2+ (−4−2 λ ) x+2 λ=0 are
always real.
The roots of this equation are real iff b 2−4 ac ≥ 0. Let’s show that

b 2−4 ac=(−4−2 λ )2 −4 ( 3 )( 2 λ ) =4 ( λ2−2 λ+ 4 ) =4 [ ( λ−1 )2 +3 ]. But ∀ λ ∈ R , ( λ−1 )2 ≥ 0 and so,

b 2−4 ac> 0
Conclusion: The roots are always real.
2. (i) y=ln ( 4 + x 2)
dy 2x
(a) =
dx 4+ x 2
dy 2
(b) The tangent T to the curve with equation y=ln ( 4 + x 2) has gradient m=
dx | x=1
= . At x=1 and
5
y=ln 5.
2 2 2
T has equation y−ln 5= ( x−1 ) . So, T : y = x− + ln 5.
5 5 5
 The gradient m ' of the normal N to the curve at the point where x=1 is such that m⋅ m' =−1
' −5 −5 5
So, m = . Therefore, N has equation y= x+ + ln 5.
2 2 2

dy dy 1 x2
(ii) =xy−x ⇒ =x ( y−1 ) ⇒ dy =xdx ⇒ ln| y−1|= + ln A ; A> 0.
dx dx y−1 2
2
x
So, y=1+ A e 2 ; A >0.

2
x
Initial conditions: When x=0 , y=2 ⇒ A=1. ∴ y=1+e 2 .

3. (i) Truth table for:

(a) p ⇒q:

p q p⇒q
T T T
T F F
F T T
F F T

(b) p ∨q:
 p Q ~p p ∨q
T T F T
T F F F
F T T T
F F T T
From the truth tables, we conclude that p ⇒ q ≡ p ∨ q.

sin−1 x=α ⇒ x=sin α =cos π −α ⇒ π −α =cos−1 x=β ⇒ α + β= π

(ii){cos−1 x=β 2 2 ( ) 2.

π
So, sin ( α + β )=sin =1. QED
2

lim ( x−1 ) f ( x )= A=1

4. (i) (a) f ( x )=
x +1
=
A
+
Bx+C
.
{ x→ 1
( x−1 ) ( x 2+1 ) x−1 x 2 +1 lim f ( x )=−1=− A+C ⇒C=A−1=0
x→ 0

−A −B+C 1 x
lim f ( x )=0= + ⇒ A+ B=0⇒ B=−1. Therefore, f ( x )= − 2
x→−1 2 2 x−1 x +1
1 1 2x 1
(b) Let I =∫ f ( x ) dx=∫ dx− ∫ 2 dx=ln |x−1|± ln |x 2+1|+ k ; k ∈ R .
x−1 2 x +1 2

|x −1|
So, I =ln (√ )
x 2+ 1
+k ; k ∈ R .

cos x
dx and let u=sin x ⇒du=cos x dx ⇒ dx= du
(ii) Let I =∫ ( 2
1+sin x ) cos x
cos x du
⇒ I =∫ =tan −1 u+k ; k ∈ R. So, I =tan−1 ( sin x ) +k ; k ∈ R .
1+u cos x
2

'
u=x +2 ⇒ u =1
3x
v =e{
(iii) Let I =∫ ( x+ 2 ) e dx. Using integration by parts, let ' 3 x 1
v= e 3 x
3
{
1 3x 1 3x 1 3x 1 3x
So, I = ( x +2 ) e − ∫ e dx = ( x+2 ) e − e + k ; k ∈ R.
3 3 3 9
1
∴ I = e 3 x [ 3 ( x +2 )−1 ] +k ; k ∈ R
9
5. (a) C 1 : x 2+ y 2−6 x−4 y +9=0 and C 2 : x 2+ y 2−2 x −6 y +9=0
2 2 2
Completing the square for C 1 : ( x−3 ) + ( y−2 ) =2 .
So, the centre of C 1 is S1 ( 3,2 ).
At the point of intersection of C 1 and C 2 , C1 =C2 ⇒−4 x +2 y=0 ⇒ y =2 x ⋯ ( 1 )
2 9
Replacing ( 1 ) in the equation of C 2, we obtain: 5 x −14 x+ 9=0⇒ x= or x=1.
5
 9 18 9 18
When x= 5
{
, y= ⇒ A ,
5 ( )
5 5 . Let the circle passing through S1, A and B be ( C ).
1 , y =2⇒ B ( 1,2 )
It has general equation: x 2+ y 2−2 ax−2 by+ c=0 .

(1,2 ) ∈ ( C ) ⇒ 1+ 4−2 a−4 b+ c=0 ⇒−2 a−4 b +c=−5 ⋯ ( 1 )

{( 9 18
,
5 5
( 3,2 ) ∈ ( C ) ⇒ 9+ 4−6 a−4 b+c=0 ⇒−6 a−4 b+ c=−13 ⋯ ( 2 )

)
∈(C )⇒ +
81 324 18 36 b
25 25
− −
5 5
+ c=0 ⋯ ( 3 ) ⇒−90 a−180 b+25 c=−405 ⋯ ( 3 )

( 1 )−( 2 ) ⇒ 4 a=8 ⇒ a=2 and ( 1 ) ,−4−4 b +c=−5 ⇒ c=4 b−1

5
Replacing in c ( 3 ) ,−180−180 b+100 b−25=−405 ⇒−80 b=−200 ⇒b= ⇒c=9 .
2
5
( )
∴ ( a , b , c )= 2, , 9 ⇒ ( C ) : x2 + y 2−4 x−5 y +9=0
2
(b) The tangent through the origin and touching ( C ) has equation: y=mx.
Replacing y=mx in ( C 1 ), we have:

x 2+ m 2 x 2−6 x−4 mx+9=0 ⇒ ( 1+ m2 ) x 2−( 6+ 4 m ) x +9=0. This equation has equal roots (double
root), so
( 6+ 4 m )2−4 ×9 ( 1+m 2 )=0⇒ 36+ 48m+16 m2−36−36 m 2=0 ⇒−20 m 2+ 48 m=0 ⇒m ( 5 m−12 )=0 ;
12 12
⇒ m=0 or m= . Therefore, T 1 : y=0 and y= x .
5 5
Graph
x +1 3 y +1
6. (i) Let y=f ( x )= ⇒ yx−3 y=x +1 ⇒ x ( y −1 )=3 y +1⇒ x =
x +3 y−1
3 x +1
∴ f −1 ( x )= , x ≠ 1. So, Do m f =R− {1 } ≠Codo m f =R and the function is not surjective
−1
x−1
⇒ lim ¿
(ii) (a) f continuous −¿
x→ 0 f ( x )= lim ¿¿
+¿ 2 2
x→0 f (x )⇒ 0 +4=−0 + k ⇒k=4 ¿

and f (−5 )=f (−4−1 )=f (−1 )=3.

(b) Let ( C ) be the curve of y=f ( x ).
f is periodic of period 4, so the values of y=f ( x ) are shown in the table below.

x −2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
y=f ( x ) 0 3 4 5 8 3 4 5 8 3 0 5 8
f ( 3 )=f ( 4−1 )=f (−1 ) =3; f ( 4 ) =f ( 0 ) =4; f ( 5 )=f ( 1 )=5.
Graph
 x ' = 0 −1 2 y = − y ⇒ x ' =− y
7. (i) '
y ()(−1 0 y −2 )( ) ( )
y
and y ' =−2 y=2 x ' . Therefore, the image of the line

2 y=x under the matrix is the line y=2 x.

−1 1
(ii) A = adj ( A ) ; | A|=4 ×1+1 ×5+1 ×1=10
| A|
4 −5 1 4 2 2
(2 5 3 ) T
Cof ( A )= 2 0 −2 ⇒adj ( A )= [Cof ( A ) ] = −5 0 5
1 −2 3 ( )
4 2 2
So, A =
−11
10 (
−5 0 5
1 −2 3 )
x− y + z=7
Hence the system of linear equations: ( S ) :
{
2 x + y−3 z=−6 is equivalent to the matrix system:
x + y + z=4

x 7 2.4
AX=b, with X = y and
z () ( )
b= −6 .
4
⇒ X= A −1
b= −1.5 .
3.1 ( )
1 1
8. (i) The sequence ( u n) n ∈N defined by un =
¿
n is a geometric sequence with first term and common
4 4

1
∞ ∞
1 1 n 1 1 4
ratio . So, ∑ 3
4 r=1 4 ()
=3 ∑ n =S ∞= lim 1− n =3 ×
r =1 4 n →+ ∞ 4 1−
(
1
=1.
)
4
2 2
(ii) (a) un =S n−Sn−1=2n + n−2 ( n−1 ) −n−1=4 n−3. So, ∀ n ∈ N , un=4 n−3.
(b) ∀ n ∈ N , un+1−un=4 n+ 4−3−4 n+3=4 ∈ R . Therefore, the series is an arithmetic series.
¿

9. (i) Let S (n) be the statement:

sum from {r=1} to {n} {{1} over {4 {r} ^ {2} -1}} = {n} over {2n+1} . Let’s show that S ( n ) is
true for any n ∈ N ¿.
1
1 1 1 1 1
- For n=1 , S ( 1 ) : ∑ = = and = . So, S ( 1 ) is true.
r=1
2 2
4 r −1 4 × 1 −1 3 2× 1+ 1 3
- We assume S ( n ) true for n=k , k >1 and we prove that S ( k +1 ) is true, i.e.
 k +1

∑ 4 r 12−1 = 2kk+1
+3
. From the hypothesis
r=1

k k k+1
1 k 1 1 k 1 1 2 k 2 +3 k +1
∑ 4 r 2−1 = 2 k +1 ⇒ ∑ 4 r 2−1 + ( )2 = 2 k +1 + ( )2 ⇒ ∑ 4 r 2−1 = ( 2 k +1 ) ( 2k + 3 ) = 2
r=1 r=1 4 k +1 −1 4 k +1 −1 r=1
. So, S ( k +1 ) is true.
Conclusion: ∀ n ∈ N , S ( n ) is true.
2 x−1 2 x−1 2 x−1+ x +2 3 x +1 ( 3 x+ 1 )( x +2 )
10. (i) (a) For x ≠−2, <1⇒ + 1< 0 ⇒ < 0⇒ <0 ⇒ < 0.
x+2 x +2 x+2 x +2 ( x +2 )2
Since ∀ x ∈ R , , ( x+ 2 )2> 0, then the inequality above is equivalent to: ( 3 x+ 1 )( x +2 ) <0
1 1
{
⇒−2< x ← . So, solution set, S= x : x ∈ R ,−2< x← .
3 3 }
(b) |2 x−4|< x +1 ⇒|2 x−4|2 < ( x+ 1 )2 ⇒ ( 2 x−4 )2−( x +1 )2< 0
⇒ ( x−5 )( x−1 ) <0 ⇒ 1< x <5. So, solution set, S= { x : x ∈ R ,1< x <5 }.

(ii) (a) arg ( z 1 )=π−tan

−1
( 22 )=1− π4 = 34π .
6
(b) |z 2|6=( √ (−2 )2+ (−2 )2) =( 2 √ 2 )6=26 ×23 =512.