Wireless-Power For AIMDs

Ashutosh Prasad Yadav Abhishek Kumar Gupta Tanmoy Mondal Bapun sahoo
B.Tech (CSE) 2nd Sem B.Tech (CSE) 2nd Sem B.Tech(CSE)2nd sem B.Tech(CSE) 2nd Sem
JISU Agarpara JISU, Agarpara JISU Agarpara JISU ,Agarpara
Rishra,India Howrah, India Pandua, India Agarpara, India
ashutoshprasadyadav007@gmail. [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]
com

Abstract— We created a prototype of a device that can charge The cell, typically a pouch containing the electrodes that store
Active implantable medical devices (AIMDs) wirelessly. AIMDs energy for use by the medical device, is the largest component
mostly relies on no-rechargeable battery which are designed to of the battery system. This cell is paired with a BMU and
last long. Like in case of pacemaker, it can last for 8 to 9 years
charging circuit to control the current and voltage conditions
than a surgery is needed to replace the battery. With the concept
of wireless charging of AIMDs we can help the patient avoid a
between the battery, charger, and medical device. The BMU
surgery. provides numerous protections to the cell, for example,
preventing an external device short circuit from leading to cell
Keywords—Wireless-power, pacemaker, Active implantable thermal runaway and restricting current levels from exceeding
medical devices, AIMDs. over-current specification cut-offs. The charger circuit,
whether it enables wired or wireless charging, defines the
charging profile (charging current and voltage) such that it
I. INTRODUCTION aligns with the cell specifications, for example, to prevent
charging outside a cell’s rated temperature. It is especially
Current implantable devices in the medical field have improved important in multi-cell battery systems that the charger circuit
greatly in the past few years becoming smaller and more actively monitors individual cell voltages to prevent cell over-
effective at their jobs, but there is one area where they are still charging.
slacking. These devices all rely on implantable batteries to
power them. These batteries are either inside the device or are Wireless charging, ideal for implantable medical devices due
simply attached to the device inside the chest cavity. These to the contactless nature of the technology, will sweep the
batteries are designed to last around 10 years but, can be more consumer electronics market. It is very safe as the battery
or less depending on the needs of the patient they are implanted don’t require to be of capacitance as it is no longer required
in. When the batteries get a low charge or die the patient is for the batter to last a decade but few months, and more the
required to get surgery to replace either the battery itself or the capacity of the battery more is the danger of it to malfunction.
entire device. This is considered a minor surgery but, still there
is risk involved especially with devices like Pacemakers and III. ADVANTAGES OF WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER
Internal Defibrillators which involve surgery around the heart.
But with wireless power we can use a rechargeable battery • An electrical distribution system, based on this method
system and charge it when the batter goes down, helping the would eliminate the need for an inefficient, costly, and capital
patient avoid a surgery. intensive grid of cables in a system.

• System would help patient with Active implantable medical

devices getting it replaced after every few years
II. USES AND FUTURE POTENTIAL
• If done on large scale it will get rid of the landscape of wires,
Active implantable medical devices (AIMDs) refer to devices cables, and wire towers.
implanted inside the body that require power to operate.
Cardiac pacemakers, cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs), drug • When the technology reaches it’s supreme state the electrical
delivery pumps, or neurostimulators are examples of AIMDs. energy can be economically transmitted without wires to any
With the increasing demand for AIMDs, whose market is terrestrial distance, so there will be no transmission and
estimated to reach approximately $27 billion by 2022, it has distribution loss.
become paramount to make the device more efficient. A
rechargeable battery system consists of the cell, charging
circuitry, and battery management unit (BMU).
• It can charge many devices at once and the user don’t have IV. WORKING PRINCIPAL
go through the process of connecting and disconnecting
cables. The prototype designed by our team can supply charge to any
device wirelessly. the device takes 6 volts at 1 amp and can
transfer that power wirelessly to any device around 1 foot
away.
This device can also be used with the Active implantable
medical devices but the device which is to receive power will
have to cover their components with metal cage so that the
fluctuating magnetic field that carries the power don’t interfere
with the components and make it malfunction.

The prototype consists of two basic parts –

1st part – The device is taking low voltage (6v) and 1amp of
Current but after passing it through the joule thief circuit the
voltage is increase to a great extent. Then there is spark gap
which is basically used for controlling the voltage of the
primary coil, it also helps by providing some time to the
capacitor to get charged. Once the capacitor is charged the
charge is released as a spark.
The current passes through the primary coil and as the voltage
is high the magnetic field is strong and the secondary coil –
which is the device where the power is to be transmitted
wirelessly, collects the energy by eddy current. So, it’s like a
transformer without a core, and the primary coil and secondary
coil are free to move with respect to each other but only in a
given range.

2nd part – The second part of the prototype is the part which is
used for receiving the energy. It simply consists of a coil
which receives the power but depending on the requirement of
the device a voltage converter can be used that will convert its
incoming alternating current to direct current.

V. IN-DEPTH OF THE WORKING

The device take input of 6 volt at 1-amp direct current then it

provides that power to the Joule thief circuit, Joule thief circuit
converts that low voltage DC to high voltage alternating
current than a rectifier circuit is used to convert that high
voltage AC to high voltage direct current. A capacitor is then
used to store the current, now if we connect the primary coil
directly then the capacitor will not get charged and the voltage
across the coil will be low and as it connected to DC source
the coil will not generate fluctuating magnetic field and hence
no current will be received at secondary coil.
Therefore, a spark gap is used in middle which allow the
capacitor to get charged. Once the capacitor is charged enough
that a spark can be made for the current to jump the air gap
then a spark appears in the gap connecting the circuit. As there
is some time gap between the sparks the coil can be said is
receiving an alternating current and hence the coil can
generate a fluctuating magnetic field.
On the receiving end the current received is of high volt low
amp the value varies depending on the distance between the
emitter device and the receiving end.
Now a basic power converter circuit can be used to convert
that power to the required volt. There is some loss of power as
the power was transmitted wirelessly but we have sent the
power to a device were connecting a cable to charge the
device was not an option.

VI. PARTS OF THE PROTOTYPE

Fig. 1. Image of the prototype

Part 1. Power Input – The two wire through which the power
of 6 volt and 1 amp is supplied.
Part 2. Switch – It is used for turning on or off the device.
Part 3. Voltage Amplifier – It consists of a Joule thief circuit a
rectifying circuit and a 2 microfarad 650v capacitor. The final
voltage output is more than 650v as the final voltage that
comes out depends on how much the capacitor got charged
which in return depends on the air gap in the spark gap.
Part 4. Spark Gap – The spark gap used here is a DIY
adjustable spark gap. We can increase or decrease the gap
between the terminals. If we increase the gap then the capacitor
will have to get more charged to make a spark of that size and
hence the voltage will be high but the frequency will drop and
if we decrease the gap then the voltage will be low but the
frequency will be high.
Part 5. Primary Coil – This is the coil that receives the high
voltage Alternating Current and makes a powerful fluctuating
magnetic field.
Part 6. Secondary Coil – This is the coil that receives its power
from the primary coil via fluctuating magnetic field. The
voltage on the terminal of this coil depends on the adjustment
of the spark gap and its distance from the primary coil. But the
voltage is usually very high, so to use it practically a circuit can
be used that takes the high volt of the secondary coil passes it
through a transformer to drop down its voltage and uses a
rectifier to make it dc and capacitors to make the voltage more
stable.
Part 7. Lamp – A lamp is used here to demonstrate that the
secondary coil is receiving power.
 VII. CONCLUSIONS
The goal of this project was to design and implement a ACKNOWLEDGMENT
wireless charger for low power devices via resonant inductive The goal of this project was to design and implement a wireless
coupling. After analyzing the whole system step by step for charger for low power devices via resonant inductive coupling.
optimization, a circuit was designed and implemented. After analysing the whole system step by step for optimization,
Experimental results showed that significant improvements in a circuit was designed and implemented. Experimental results
terms of power-transfer efficiency have been achieved. It was showed that significant improvements in terms of power-
described and demonstrated that resonant inductive coupling transfer efficiency have been achieved. It was described and
can be used to deliver power wirelessly from a source coil to a demonstrated that resonant inductive coupling can be used to
load coil and charge a low power device. As it was mentioned deliver power wirelessly from a source coil to a load coil and
earlier, wireless charging could be the next big thing. charge a low power device. As it was mentioned earlier,
The transfer of power wirelessly might not be very efficient wireless charging could be the next big thing.
now but is very useful to charge devices which cannot be
charged by the conventional methods like in the case of
pacemaker and other Active implantable medical devices. This REFERENCES
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