Govt.

Women Engineering College Ajmer

Mid-Term Test B.Tech. I Sem. 2017-18

(Along with Model Answers)

Duration : One Hour Human Values M.M. 20 Marks

PART-A : Answer the following questions briefly. (Words limit about

25 words) 1*4=4 Question 1.
How can we maintain harmony in the family? Answer : The
harmonious relationships in the family are based on natural feelings
(values) viz. Trust, Respect, Affection, Care, Guidance, Reverence,
Glory, Gratitude and Love. The recognition, fulfilment and evaluation
of these feelings leads to harmony in the family.
Question 2. Explain the
meaning of Respect or Samman. Answer : Respect or
(Samman) means accepting the individuality and doing the right
evaluation i.e. to be evaluated as I am , without over-evaluating,
under-evaluating or evaluating the person otherwise.

Question 3. What do you understand by 'Undivided Society'?

Answer : By living in relationship in the family, with the
understanding of values in human relationship, we are able to
recognize the connectedness with every individual correctly and fulfil
it. This feeling of being related to every individual leads to an
undivided society.
Question 4. Why does Human order fail to be mutually fulfilling to itself
and to the other orders?
Answer : The lack of proper understanding of the relationship
between the human order and the other three orders of Nature is the
main cause of the failure. We are dependent on the material order for
soil, minerals and metals but only end up polluting the soil and
depleting the fossil fuel, metals, etc. We are dependent of animals to
carry out our production and transportation activities, but also made
many animal species extinct. On the other hand, our natural
acceptance says that we want to live harmoniously with nature for our
own happiness.
Question 5. What are the four orders in nature?
Answer : Everything that we can see around us, can be put into the
following four orders in Nature :
1. Material Order – e.g. soil, water, air etc.
2. Plant/ Bio-Order – e.g. grass, plants, trees, flowers, fruits etc.
3. Animal Order – e.g. animal, birds etc.
4. Human Order – Human beings

PART-B : Answer the following in detail. 4*4=16

Question 1. 'Harmony in the family is the building block for harmony in

the society'. Comment.
Answer : Right understanding in the individuals is the basis for
harmony in the family, which is the building block for harmony in the
society. 1.
The harmony in the society begins from the individual. We need to
ensure right understanding in the individual as the foundation of
harmony in the society.
2. With right understanding, the need for physical facilities in the
family can be ascertained. By assessing our needs correctly and by
producing more than required, the family can be prosperous.
3. Assurance of right understanding in the individuals and
prosperity in the families, understanding of human relationships leads
to harmony and trust (fearlessness) in the society. When every
individual is able to live harmoniously in relationship, and the needs
of all the families are ensured, fearlessness (mutual trust) in society
will naturally follow.
4. When human beings with right understanding interact with
nature, it will be in consonance with the coexistence and will be
mutually enriching.
We can also understand it in the following sequence.
1. Right understanding leads to 2. Prosperity leads to 3.
Fearlessness (trust) leads to 4. Co-existence
Question 2. What is intention and competence? How do they affect
human relationship?
Answer : Trust or vishwas is the foundational value in relationship.
“To be assured that each human being inherently wants oneself and
the other to be happy and prosperous” is known as trust. Mutual trust
is a shared belief that we can depend on each other to achieve a
common purpose. Trust is the expectation of people that they can rely
on our word. It is built through integrity and consistency in
relationships. There are two aspects in trust:
1. Intention (wanting to – our natural acceptance)
2. Competence (being able to do)
Both intention and competence are the two aspects of trust. Intention
is what one aspires for (our natural acceptance) and competence is the
ability to fulfil the aspiration. In intention, every human being wants
to do what is right, only the competence may be lacking which needs
to be developed through proper understanding and practice. But what
we are doing today is that when we judge ourselves ,we are judging
on the basis of our intention, whereas, when we judge the other, we
are judging him on the basis of his competence.
We trust our own intention while we are not ready to trust the others'
intention. It is the same for other as well. We find that while we look
at our intention, we are sure of it but we are not sure of the others'
intention. We are actually looking at their competence, and making a
conclusion on the basis of their intention. Hence, mistrust is born and
we deny the relationship. We seldom look at our competence and
others' intention.
It is very important to differentiate between intention and competence.
If we have trust on intention, we have a feeling of being related to the
other and we start helping the other to improve his competence, if he
does not have enough.
We trust our own intention while we are not ready to trust the other’s
intention. It is the same for the others as well. They would also have
the same answers as we, to the table above. While the other trusts
his/her own intentions, he/she does not trust mine. Hence, mistrust
prevails and we deny the relationship. When we are judging our
selves, we are judging on the basis of our intention, whereas, when we
are judging the other, we are judging him on the basis of his
competence. We are sure that we want to make the other happy, but
we are not sure that the other wants to make us happy. We find that
while we look at our intention, we are sure of it, we are not sure of the
others' intention. We are actually visualising their competence, and
making a conclusion on the grounds of their intention, as we say “I
wanted to do well, but I could not”. But for the other, we say “He did
not want to do well”. “Wanting to” is the intention, and “could not”
is the lack of competence.
We can see that as we are not able to fulfil our intentions in terms of
our competence at all times. It is the same for the other as well. We
want to be related to the other, and we want the other to be related to
us, irrespective of who this other is. If we have trust in the other, we
are able to see the other as a relative and not as an adversary. We then
become ready to become a help to the other. Intentions are always
correct; it is only the competence that is lacking, which can be
improved by right understanding.
Question 3. Explain the comprehensive human goal.
Answer : Comprehensive human goals are right understanding,
prosperity, fearlessness and co-existence. Programs needed to achieve
the comprehensive human goals are:
1. Education – Right Living (Siksha – Sanskar)
2. Health – Self Regulation (Svasthya – Sanyam)
3. Justice – Preservation (Nyaya – Suraksha)
4. Production – Work (Utpadan – Kriya)
5. Exchange – Storage (Vinimaya – Kosh)
1. Education – Right Living: Education refers to understanding
harmony at all the four levels of living. While right living refers to
commitment and preparedness to live in harmony at all four levels of
living.
2. Health – Self Regulation: Sanyama refers to a feeling of
responsibility for nurturing, protecting and rightly utilizing the body.
When the body is fit to act according to the needs of the self (‘I’), and,
there is harmony among the parts of the body, it is referred to as
health or svasthya.
3. Justice – Preservation: Justice (nyaya) refers to harmony in the
relationship between human beings, while preservation (suraksha)
refers to harmony in the relationship between human being and the
rest of nature.
4. Exchange – Storage: Exchange (vinimaya) refers to the exchange
of physical facilities between the members of the society, while
storage (kosa) refers to the storage of physical facilities that is left
after fulfilling the needs of the family.
We can now see how these dimensions of humanistic society are able
to ensure the human goal:
Education – Right living leads to Right understanding
Having the process of education and right living leads to right
understanding in the individual.
Health – Self-regulation leads to Prosperity
Having the program for health and sanyam leads to well-being of the
body, and identification of need for physical facilities which along
with production ensures feeling of prosperity in the family.
Justice – Preservation leads to Fearlessness and Co-
existence (respectively)
Ensuring justice in relationship, or mutual fulfilment in relationship
on the basis of values like Trust, Respect, etc leads to fearlessness in
society, while Suraksha of nature – via enrichment, protection and
right utilization leads to co-existence in nature.
Production – Work leads to Prosperity and Co-existence
Production and work are for physical facilities, and this leads to a
feeling of prosperity in the family. Production is done in harmony
with nature, and hence, this also leads to co-existence with nature.
Exchange – Storage leads to Prosperity and Fearlessness
When we store and exchange for mutual fulfilment and not for
exploitation, then it leads to fearlessness (trust) in society.

Question 4. Write a short note on recyclability and self-regulation in

nature.

Answer : There are several cyclical processes that we can see in

nature. For example the cycle of water, evaporating, condensing and
precipitating back to water giving the weather phenomena. The cycles
keep these materials self-regulated on the earth. Breeds of plants and
animals are similarly self-regulated in their environment. In a forest,
the growth of trees takes place in a way so that the amount of soil,
plants and animals remains conserved. It never happens that the
number of trees shoots up and there is a lack of soil for the trees. The
appropriateness of the conditions for growth of both plants and
animals are self-regulated in nature keeping the population
proportions naturally maintained. This phenomenon is termed as self-
regulation. In a single breed of animals, the number of males and
females generated through procreation is such that the continuity of
species is ensured by itself. This happens with humans too, but
inhuman practices have led to disproportionate numbers of men and
women. These two characteristics namely, cyclical nature and self-
regulation provide us with some clues of the harmony that is in
nature.

Question 5. Explain the innateness of material order and animal order in

nature.

Answer : Innateness (dharana): Innateness means qualities which are

innate to the unit. Each unit in existence exhibits an innateness, an
intrinsic quality that cannot be separated from it. We refer this
principle as innateness which is also called dharna of that unit. This is
intrinsic to the unit.
Material order: When we burn coal and it has finished burning and
only some ash is left and smokes have gone out, it is not that the basic
material, the fundamental particles in coal, have ‘cease to exist’ or
‘disappeared’ from existence. They may not be visible to the eye at
that moment, but they continue to exist, they still are in the form of
other matter or in the form of gases, etc. This is there with all material
units. We cannot destroy matter, we can only convert it from one form
to the other. Thus, “to exist”, or ‘existence’ is intrinsic to all material,
it is innate to it. We cannot separate the ‘existence’ of a thing from the
thing itself.
Plant/bio order: Because the pranic order is a development of the
material order, it also has the innateness of ‘existence’. In addition, it
also exhibits the ‘growth’. This principle of ‘growth’ cannot be
separated from any units of this order. If it is of pranic order, it will
grow. For example, if you have a plant, you cannot stop it from
growing. It will continue to respire and keep changing in this way.
The only way you can stop it from growing is by cutting it, but when
you do that, it ceases to belong to the pranic order, instead decays and
then belongs to the material order. So, as long as you have a plant, it
will grow.
Animal order: The animal body is a development of the pranic order
and therefore this order inherits the innateness of the previous order
namely ‘existence’ and ‘growth’. This is at the level of the body,
which is physico-chemical in nature. In addition, all units in this order
have the ‘will to live’ in ‘I’. Indeed no unit in this order can be
separated from this ‘will to live’. It is intrinsic to every unit in this
order.
Human (knowledge) order: When we look at the human being, we
find that ‘existence’ and ‘growth’ are fundamentally present in the
body, just as in the animal body. At the level of ‘I’ however, in
addition to the ‘will to live’, a human being’s innateness is the ‘will to
live with happiness’.
Order Things Innateness
Material order Soil, water, metals Existence
Pranic order Plants and trees Existence + growth
Animal order Animals and birds (Existence + growth) in body + will to
live in ‘I’
Human order Human beings (Existence + growth) in body + will to
live with happiness in ‘I’

Question 6 . Define Existence. Explain that existence is in a form

of co-existence.
Answer : All the units together constitute nature. All the units of
nature exist in space which is an important reality to
understand. Existence is nothing but the nature in space.
Existence = Exist + Essence, whatever exists
We define unit as something that is limited in size. Like a small
blade of human hair to the biggest planets we know of, they are all
limited in size, i.e. bounded on six sides. So, all the ‘things’ we have
been studying so far: the human beings, animals, lumps of matter as
well as various atoms and molecules, are all ‘units’. We can recognize
them as such, they are countable.
But there is another ‘reality’ called ‘space’. We normally don’t pay
attention to this ‘reality’, because it’s not a ‘unit’. We can’t ‘touch it’,
smell it. We normally just ‘see through it’. But the fact is because we
can’t ‘touch it’ or ‘see it’ as we would see a unit like our body, our
friends, or a piece of rock, doesn’t mean it does not exist. Space
exists everywhere.
Co-existence is a state in which two or more groups are living
together while respecting their differences and resolving their
conflicts non-violently. Co-existence has been defined in numerous
ways:
1. To exist together (in time or space) and to exist in mutual tolerance.
2. To learn to recognize and live with difference.
3. To have a relationship between persons or groups in which none of
the parties is trying to destroy the other.
4. To exist together (in time or place) and to exist in mutual tolerance.
When we look at the existence around, the first thing we see is
space. And then we see the units in space. Between every two units
there is a space. The units exist in space. If we were to define this,
we would say that there are two kinds of realities in existence and
these are: space and units (in space). So we say,
Existence = space + units (in space)
Since nature consists of the four orders so we can say,
“Existence = Nature submerged in space”.
Nature = Four orders (Material, Plant/Bio or Pranic, Animal and
Human Order)