IOTIVITY INTRODUCTION

Martin Hsu
Intel Open Source Technology Center
1 Content may contain references, logos, trade or service marks that are the property of their respective owners.
Agenda

• Overview
• Architecture
• Base Layer & APIs
• Primitive Services & APIs

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 IoTivity Overview
OCF Topologies Supported
•An open source software framework
implementing OCF Standards
•Ensures seamless device-to-device and OCF Client OCF Server

device-to-cloud connectivity to address P2P Direct

emerging needs of IoT OCF Client OCF Client

•Licensed under Apache License Version

2.0 XMPP/
STUN/
Cloud

•Available on TIZEN, Android, Arduino,

TURN/ICE
CoAP over TCP
OCF Intermediary
Linux(Ubuntu) Platforms Gateway
Gateway

OCF Servers
OCF IoTivity OCF Servers Cloud based
(Standards) (Open Source) Remote Access intelligent Services

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 IoTivity – High Level Architecture
Rich Device
Key Goals
Consumer Enterprise Industrial Automotive Health
….

APIs
 Common Solution
(C/C++/Java/JS)
 Established Protocols
Service Layer  Security & Identity
Device Low-Power Data
Lite Device
 Standardized Profiles
Management Management Management Sensing/Control
Application
 Interoperability
Resource Encapsulation
Resource  Innovation Opportunities
Container Base Layer
 Necessary connectivity
Base Layer Messaging Security

Discovery Messaging Security Discovery

IoTivity Profiles
IoTivity Framework
IoTivity Connectivities*

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 IoTivity Base Layer & APIs

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 IoTivity – High Level Architecture
Rich Device
Key Goals
Consumer Enterprise Industrial Automotive Health
….

APIs
 Common Solution
(C/C++/Java/JS)
 Established Protocols
Service Layer  Security & Identity
Device Low-Power Data
Lite Device
 Standardized Profiles
Management Management Management Sensing/Control
Application
 Interoperability
Resource Encapsulation
Resource  Innovation Opportunities
Container Base Layer
 Necessary connectivity
Base Layer Messaging Security

Discovery Messaging Security Discovery

IoTivity Profiles
IoTivity Framework
IoTivity Connectivities*

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Discovery Subsystem
Client
COAP
C C
Server
COAP
HTTP Gateway
C
C C
COAP

Server
Discovery within
Constrained local network
Environment

Internet

Connectivity Discovery Description

Mechanism
CoAP
WiFi & IP Multicast CoAP Multicast Port: 5683 • Open IETF Standard (RFC 7252)
Ethernet (Assigned by IANA) • Compact 4 Byte Header
(over IP) CoAP Secure Port: 5684 • UDP (Default), SMS, TCP
IP Unicast Precondition: Support
over UDP OIC Server Address & Port are • Strong DTLS Security
known • Asynchronous Subscription
• Built-In Discovery
Bluetooth Using Scan & OCF Specific Service UUID
(EDR & Advertise
BLE)
CoAP: Constrained Application Protocol
IANA: Internet Assigned Numbers Authority

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Security Features & Architecture

Note platform hardening not part of the OCF Specs & IoTivity implementation.

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 Messaging - Connectivity Abstraction
Resource Model CA Control Component
- Target network selection, interface control & monitoring
CA API
- CoAP message serialization & parsing
CA Control

Network CoAP Blockwise Interface

- Block-wise messaging flow control
Config. Protocol Transfer Controller
Transport Adapter Component
Transport Adapter
- Data transmission over UDP, TCP, BLE(GATT), BT(SPP) & NFC
IP BLE BT TCP NFC
Adapter Adapter Adapter Adapter Adapter - Secure data exchanging using DTLS

Platform Adapter Platform Adapter Component

Ubuntu
Interface
Android
Interface
Tizen
Interface
Arduino
Interface
- Ubuntu, Wi-Fi, Ethernet and BLE
- Android Wi-Fi, BLE and BT
Ubuntu Android Tizen Arduino - Tizen Wi-Fi, BLE and BT
- Arduino Wi-Fi, Ethernet and BLE
Legend
CA Component CA Module External

Ubuntu Android Tizen Arduino

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 Messaging - Remote Access over XMPP

STUN/
TURN

GW/Proxy RA Server

S1 S2 S3
(LW) (LW) (cRA)

C1
Local subnet (RA)
Feature
- Remote client discover & securely interface with resource servers when not on
same subnet
- Adheres to access control policies
- End-to-End Secure
Device Type Use Case
Light weight (LW) Device Accessible within subnet. No RA, require GW/proxy device for access
Constrained RA (cRA) RA access for non latency-sensitive, low BW applications
Endpoint
RA Endpoint (RA) Full RA access

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 IoTivity Primitive Services & APIs

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 IoTivity – High Level Architecture
Rich Device
Key Goals
Consumer Enterprise Industrial Automotive Health
….

APIs
 Common Solution
(C/C++/Java/JS)
 Established Protocols
Service Layer  Security & Identity
Device Low-Power Data
Lite Device
 Standardized Profiles
Management Management Management Sensing/Control
Application
 Interoperability
Resource Encapsulation
Resource  Innovation Opportunities
Container Base Layer
 Necessary connectivity
Base Layer Messaging Security

Discovery Messaging Security Discovery

IoTivity Profiles
IoTivity Framework
IoTivity Connectivities*

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 Purpose of Primitive Services
 Provides easier and simpler APIs for App developers
(Heavy Lifting done by Framework) Soft Sensor
Manager
Multi-Phy Protocol
Easy Setup Bridge
 Mostly designed to run on Smart or Controller devices
Notification
 Uses the Iotivity Base APIs Simulator
Service
Primitive
Resource
Services Scene
Applications Directory Manager

Resource
Resource
Primitive Services Container
Server
Builder
Resource
Broker

IoTivity Base

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Scene Manager

Helps Users to create a Scenario or

Scene for controlling
Multiple IoT devices & their “ “Away Home” Scene
functionality
LED Bulb

15 C

e.g. Thermostat Door Lock

• Away Home – All Lights turned off,

Doors locked
• Watching Movie – Living Room
lights off, TV On, Speaker On

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 Simulator Service
Simulating different OCF resources Feature
OCF resources • Server
Thermostat
Simulates - OCF resources can be simulated, Using
Fan
resource model definition (RAML) files.
Light
- Manages creation, deletion, request
Service Provider
handling and notifications for OCF
resources.
Sending different requests to verify
features supported by OCF resources • Client
Remote OCF
resources - Searching for different types of resources
Modify Temp
erature available in the network.
Speed
Increase - Sending different types of requests both
Power Off manual and automatically and displays the
Client Controller
response payload received.

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MultiPhy Easy Setup
 Low Power Management – Resource Hosting
Problem Solution
Offloads request/data handling
from remote clients
Reduces the power
consumption of resource
constraint device

How many subscriptions thin device could Thin Device enhances its lifetime delegating its
support with its constrained system resource? resource subscriber to richer hosting device

Hosting(Rich) device
Thin(Light) device Subscription User/Consumer
Thin(Light) device

Subscription User/Consumer

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 Supporting Material

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 Resource Encapsulation
Resource Module Description
Container
Resource Broker • Remote Resource Presence check (regardless of Remote Server supporting
Resource Encapsulation presence feature)
Resource • Provide consistent reachability management for discovered resource of
Client Wrapper Server interest
Resource Resource Builder
Resource Cache • Maintains last information of Remote Resource (regardless of Remote Server is
Broker Cache
observable)
• Data Centric API (Send/Recv Message Getter/Setter, Data Cache)

IoTivity Base Server Builder • Att. setter to provide easy way to create resource
• Changes “msg Handling” to “Data Setting” for users
• Monitors value of attributes so that notify-back for observation whenever
attribute has changed

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Low Power Management – Resource Directory
-Constrained device that
Device 2 hosts RD and needs to sleep and can
responds on behalf of device 1 & 4.
Device 1
Unicast response by device 2
with resources of 1, 2 and 4.
not respond to multicast
discovery queries
Device 2
Device 3
Publishes resources to
• Discovery of RD server
Resource Directory
• Publish Resource to RD
Multicast
query request
• Update / Delete Resource
Device 4

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Cloud-Native Architecture for IoT

• Devices can reach the cloud directly.

• Devices can self-organize if the cloud is not accessible.

• Architecture and protocols don’t have to be replaced when

device deployment changes from local-only to cloud-
connected.
• Encourages end-to-end micro-services.
Onboarding & Provisioning Call Flow

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 Protocol Bridge using Resource Container
• Integrates non-OCF resources (Bundle)
• Handles dynamic loading of resource
Maps OCF to bundles & dynamic creation of resources
2. Loads resource Hue light
bundles
hueLight.cpp • Supports C++ .so files & Java .jar files
OCF hueToOCF.so
light • Common configuration for bundles and
interface
configured resources
OCF
light
interface OCF bridge
(with resource container)

OCF 1. Loads  Designed to work devices with non

light
interface
configuration OCF devices
containerConfig.xml
(resource instance
 Enables control of legacy devices
specific configuration) which are already in market with
existing APIs using a OIC complaint
device

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Interoperability …
• Full interoperability from the connectivity layer up to the service layer is
the only way to truly guarantee a satisfactory UX
• Interoperability at the Connectivity and/or Platform layer only provides
partial interoperability which can ultimately lead to fragmentation
① Connectivity Level ② Platform Level ③ Service Level
Interoperability Interoperability Interoperability

Vertical Vertical Vertical Vertical Vertical Vertical

Services Services Services Services Services Services

Platform Platform Platform Platform Platform Platform

Connectivity Connectivity Connectivity Connectivity Connectivity Connectivity

OIC Scope

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 Client

Entity
Handler

CoAP CoAP
DTLS DTLS
UDP UDP
IP IP
Transport
Specific

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Consumer Radio-Based Standards
Applications & Services
Data & Control Points

Extensible
Profiles, Data &
Resource Models ?
? ?

Bluetooth® Low Energy

Thread
Z-Wave

ZigBee
Comms Protocols
IP IP IP IP = 6LoWPAN

802.15.4

802.15.4
Wi-Fi
Transports

BLE
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 Security Building Blocks
Provisioning Manager
CK Ownership
manager transfer
Provisioning
Credential Database
Just Works Random PIN
Generator

Policy Resource Secure Resource Manager

Engine Manager

Resources

ACL DOXM PSTAT SVC Persistent

Storage
AMACL CRED CRL

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