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Useful Reference Mass, Volume and Flow

This document provides conversion factors and formulas for mass, volume, flow, force, pressure, work, energy, power, gas laws, and other physical quantities. Some key conversions included are 1 kg = 2.205 lb, 1 bar = 100 kPa, pressure exerted by a liquid column = height x density, specific heat of water = 4.187 kJ/kg K, PV=nRT for gas laws, and density of air at normal temperature and pressure (NTP) = 1.293 kg/m3. The document is intended as a useful reference for various physical constants and relationships.

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Ashok Baldaniya
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97 views3 pages

Useful Reference Mass, Volume and Flow

This document provides conversion factors and formulas for mass, volume, flow, force, pressure, work, energy, power, gas laws, and other physical quantities. Some key conversions included are 1 kg = 2.205 lb, 1 bar = 100 kPa, pressure exerted by a liquid column = height x density, specific heat of water = 4.187 kJ/kg K, PV=nRT for gas laws, and density of air at normal temperature and pressure (NTP) = 1.293 kg/m3. The document is intended as a useful reference for various physical constants and relationships.

Uploaded by

Ashok Baldaniya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Useful reference

Mass, volume and flow:


1 kg = 2.205 lb

1 m3 = 1000 litres

Qv (m3/ s) = A (m2) x v (m/ s)

Qv (m3/ s) = Qm (kg/ s) x Vs (m3/ kg)

Force:
1 kgf = 9.81N (Newton)

Pressure:
1 kg/ cm2 = 0.981 bar; 1 bar = 1.0194 (1.02) kg/ cm2

1 atm = 760 mm of Hg = 1.033 kg/ cm2 = 1.013 bar

1 bar = 105 N/ m2 (Pa) = 100 kPa = 0.1 MPa

750 mm of Hg = 1 bar

1 kg/ cm2g = 2.033 kg/ cm2 absolute

1 ata = 1 kg/ cm2 abs

1 mm of water column = 1 kg/ m2

10 m of water column = 1 kg/ cm2

1 mmHG = 13.6 mmWC

Pressure exerted by liquid column

= h x ρ in kg/ m2 (mmWC),

= h x ρ x 10-4 kg/ cm2 , or,


= h x ρ x g in Pa, where h in m and ρ in kg/ m3

Velocity head

= ρv2/ 2 in Pa, or,

= ρv2/ 2g in mmWC, or,

= 10-4 x ρv2/ 2g, in kg/ cm2 ; where v in m/ s

Pressure drop in horizontal pipe; H = 4fLv2/ 2gD,

Where, H is pressure drop in m of liquid head,


F = factor of friction
L = length of pipe in m
v = velocity of liquid in m/ s
g = acceleration due to gravity = 9.81 m/ s2
D = inner diameter of pipe in m

Work, Energy & Power:


1 kg-m = 9.81 N-m = 9.81 J

1 kcal = 4.187 kJ = 2.205 CHU = 3.969 BTU

1 kcal = 427 kg m (Mechanical work equivalent of heat)

Specific heat of water = 4.187 kJ/ kg K (1 kcal/ kg oC)

Specific heat of flue gas & air = 1.00 kJ/ kg K (0.24 kcal/ kg oC)

Specific heat of ice and superheated steam = 2.09 kJ/ kg K (0.50 kcal/
kg oC)

Specific heat of ash= 0.84 kJ/ kg K (0.20 kcal/ kg oC)

1 kWh = 3600 kJ = 860 kcal

1kg-m/s = 9.81 W

1 HP (metric) = 75 kg-m/ s = 735.75 Watt

1 HP (British) = 33000 ft pound/min = 746 Watt


Work (in kNm) = Force (kN) x Displacement (m), or,
Pressure (kPa) x Volume (m3)

Power (in kW) = Force (kN) x Velocity (m/ s),

Hydraulic Power (in kW) = Pressure (kPa) x Discharge (m3/ s)

Hydraulic Power (in HP) = Head (mmWC) x Discharge (m3/ s)

Efficiency of Pump, Fan = Hydraulic Power/ Shaft Power (motor


output)

Gas Laws
PV = mRsT; where P is pressure in kPa, V is volume in m3, m is mass in
kg, Rs is specific gas constant in kJ/ kg K and T is temperature in K

PV = nRT, where n is number of kmol

P1V1/ T1 = P2V2/ T2

Temperature correction to volume: V2 = V1 x T2/ T1, where T2>T1

Temperature correction to density: ρ2 = ρ1 x T1/ T2, where T2>T1

R is Universal gas constant = 8.3143 kJ/ kmol K

1 kmol = 6.023 x 1026 numbers of molecules

Mass of 1kmol of any substance = Molecular weight in kg

1 nm3 of gas = 1 m3 at NTP (Normal Temperature and pressure)

1 sm3 of gas = 1 m3 at STP (Standard Temperature and pressure)

NTP, or STP = 273 K and 101.3 kPa

Density of air at NTP = 1.293 kg/ m3

Density of any gas at NTP = Its molar mass/ 22.4 (kg/ m3)

Go on adding to this page from time to time, as and when you come across
any useful information that would be needed to remember

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