Motor Protection

Motor Protection

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 Motor Protection

Why Motors Fail...

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 Motor Protection

Causes of Motor Failures

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 Motor Protection

Motor Classification
according the operating voltage

Low Voltage Motors Medium Voltage Motors

operating voltage operating voltage
less than 1000 V From 1Kv up to 33KV

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 Motor Protection

Low Voltage Motors

Protection
operating voltage
less than 1000 V

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 Motor Protection

Low voltage Motor Protection

§ The majority of motors in industrial applications are
induction motors, with supply voltages of 380 Volts or
less. The following protection requirements are
applicable to these motors.
§ This range of motors must protect against the
following:
Ø Overload
Ø Short circuit

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 Motor Protection

Overload Protection
§ Motors may be overloaded
due to mechanical or
electrical causes, and
overload protection applies
to both.
§ The line current is
proportional to the motor
load, and so this current is
used to activate the
overload protection device.

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 Motor Protection

Contactor

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 Motor Protection
Overload Protection

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 Motor Protection

Overload Protection

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Short Circuit Protection using Circuit Breaker

Thermal C/C
is used to protect
from overload.

Magnetic C/C
is used to protect
from short
circuit.

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 Motor Protection

Short Circuit Protection using Fuse

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Classification of LV HRC fuses

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 Motor Protection

L.V Motors Protection

Switchgear Combinations

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 Motor Protection

(1)Motor protection using circuit breaker and back up fuses

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 Motor Protection

(2)Motor protection using Contactor + Thermal Overload + Backup Fuse

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 Motor Protection

(3)Motor protection using Circuit Breaker and Contactor

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 Motor Protection

(4)Motor protection using contactor, overload relay, and circuit breaker

with adjustable instantaneous short circuit release

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 Motor Protection

Medium Voltage Motors

Protection
operating voltage
From 1Kv up to 33Kv

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 Motor Protection

Medium voltage Motor Protection

The abnormal operating conditions are:

§ Phase and earth fault (Stator Winding)
§ Unbalanced stator current.
§ Overload.
§ Phase Loss.
§ Locked Rotor.
§ Over and undervoltage operation

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 Motor Protection

Electrical faults in stator windings

• During Normal Operation: Ia+Ib+Ic =0 ( No Trip )

• During Earth Fault: Ia+Ib+Ic > 0 ( Trip )

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 Motor Protection

Electrical faults in stator windings

(b) Phase-Phase faults and Earth fault

I setting O.C Relay = 1.1 Ist)sec

I setting E.F Relay = 0.01 In)sec

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 Motor Protection

Example :
A three phase induction motor of 900 HP , Vr = 4.16 KV,
P.F= 0.87 , Eff. = 0.94, f = 50 Hz is protected against
phase and earth faults in the stator windings by using two
overcurrent relays in phases and one earth fault relay in
the residual circuit.
If the motor starting current at full load condition is
5Ir , where Ir is the motor rated current.
(1) Find the C. t. ratio
(2) Determine the overcurrent and earth fault relays
settings

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 Motor Protection

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 Motor Protection

Motor Differential Protection

For very large motors a separate C.T. is used at each end

of the winding, for each of the three phases.
The C.T.’s are connected differentially as shown above,
and under healthy conditions the differential current in
the relay is zero.
Under fault conditions there will be a different current in
the two C.T.’s. The C.T. secondary differential current
will cause the relay to operate, and send a trip signal to
the circuit breaker to clear the fault and shut down the
motor.

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 Motor Protection

Motor Differential Protection

Motor Stator Windings

Circuit
Breaker

Differential Relay

Differential Protection for Very Large Motors

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 Motor Protection

Overload and locked rotor

( Stalling ) motor protection

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 Motor Protection

Operation of a thermal overcurrent relay

during lock rotor condition

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Unbalanced phases

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 Motor Protection

Single Phasing cause

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 Motor Protection

Single Phasing cause

§ Damaged motor starter contact
§ Burned open overload relay
§ Damaged switch or circuit breaker
§ Blown fuse
§ Open cable or bus on transformer secondary
§ Open motor winding
§ Open transformer winding

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 Motor Protection

Loss of Phase or Single Phasing

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 Motor Protection

Example :
A Single - phasing relay is used to protect a 3 -
phase induction motor of 350 KW , Vr = 2.2 KV, P.f=
0. 85 ,Eff. = 0. 93 .
Suggest a suitable c. t . ratio and find the relay
setting , where
the no load current is equal to 25 % of the motor
rated current. Check the relay operation if the
minimum current response is30 % of the relay rated
current .

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 Motor Protection

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 Motor Protection

Under and overvoltage Protection

§ Nema Standards states that motors shall operate
successfully at rated load under the following
conditions:
§ +/- 10% variation of rated voltage at rated frequency
§ Any voltage drop below 10% will reduce starting
torque which can be serious because starting times
may increase beyond allowable limits.
§ Winding failure from extreme voltage variations are
identical to those of overloads because the input
current is uniformly excessive.

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 Motor Protection

Undervoltage cause
§ Demand for power is greater than the supply
§ Long cable runs
§ Overloaded transformers
§ Distribution system

Undervoltage Effect
§ Reduced efficiency
§ Reduced life expectancy
§ Increased temperatures
§ Increased current
§ Lower torque

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 Motor Protection

Overvoltage cause
§ Poor line regulation
§ Incorrect transformer tap
§ Utility demand down

Overvoltage Effect
§ Reduced efficiency
§ Reduced power factor
§ Increased power consumption
§ Increased current
§ Increased temperature

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 Motor Protection

Effect of voltage variation

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 Motor Protection

Under and overvoltage Protection

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 Motor Protection

Under and overvoltage Protection

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 Motor Protection

Motor Winding Temperature

Overheating protection may be required as per Electrical

Safety Code rules 28-314, 316 & 318. This is provided by
temperature sensors embedded in the motor stator
windings, which detect the high temperature condition
and trip the motor.

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 Motor Protection

Complete protection system

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 Motor Protection
Siemens Motor Protection Relays

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 Motor Protection
SIPROTEC Motor Protection

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 Motor Protection
Motor protection function provided by SIPROTEC

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 Motor Protection

Motor protection of motors (100-500kw)

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 Motor Protection
Motor protection of motors (1-2 MW)

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 Motor Protection

Motor protection of motors (>2MW)

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 Motor Protection

End of this
Section

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