JAPANESE

INDUSTRIAL
STANDARD
Translated and Published by
Japanese Standards Association

JIS K 2398: 2001

(JACA)

Windshield washer fluids

for automobiles

les 43.040.99; 71.100.40

Descriptors: windscreen washers, washing, cleaning materials. road vehicle components
Reference number: JIS K 2398: 2001 (El

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12 S
Copyright Japanese Standards Association
 K 2398 : 2001

Foreword

This translation has been made based on the original Japanese Industrial
Standard revised by the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry through
deliberations at the Japanese Industrial Standards Committee, as a result
of proposal for revision of Japanese Industrial Standard submitted by
the Japan Autochemical Industrial Association (JACA) with the draft
being attached, based on the provision of Article 12 Clause 1 of the
Industrial Standardization Law. Consequently JIS K 2398: 1989 is
replaced with this Standard.

Date of Establishment: 1989-03-01

Date of Revision: 2001-08-20
Date of Public Notice in Official Gazette: 2001-08-20
Investigated by: Japanese Industrial Standards Committee
Standards Board
Technical Committee on Consumer Life
Products

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JIS K 2398: 2001, First English edition published in 2002-03

Translated and published by: Japanese Standards Association

4·1·24, Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 107-8440 JAPAN

In the event of any doubts arising as to the contents,

the original JIS is to be the final authority.

(\;; J5A 2002

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or
utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and
microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.

Copyright Japanese Standards Association

 JAPANESE INDUSTRIAL STANDARD JIS K 2398 : 2001

Windshield washer fluids for automobiles

Introduction Though water repellent windshield washer fluids being similar prod-
ucts are different in main components and water repellency, since washing methods
are the same from the viewpoint of using this product, the water repellent windshield
washer fluids are unified with this Standard and added. In this revision of the stan-
dard for windshield washer fluids, the revision is carried out by a thorough review in-
cluding that of the standard structure. For the revised points, classification and water
repellency are adopted as new items, and for influences on rubber, the specification
values arc partly amended including the dispersion of the standard specimen.

1 Scope This Japanese Industrial Standard specifies the washing fluids (hereaf-
ter referred to as "washer fluids") to be used for washing the windshield of automo-
biles.
Remarks: Washer fluids mean the fluids to be used to remove the dirt on the
windshield of automobiles by using a wiper while they are running.

2 Normative references The standards given in Attached Table 1 contain pro-

visions which, through reference in this Standard, constitute provisions of this Standard.
The most recent editions of the standards (including amendments) given in Attached
Table 1 shall be applied.

3 Definitions Definitions of principal terms used in this Standard shall be as follows.

a) water repellency Water repellency means that a water repellent component
is adsorbed onto a glass surface to form a hydrophobic film.
b) pitting Pitting corrosion is provided wherein metal corrosion is generated to-
ward to an inside of metal.

4 Classification The classification of washer fluids shall be as given in Table 1.

Table 1 Classification

Classification Properties Symbol

Class 1 :-Ton-water-repellent washer fluids mainly WW

composed of alcohol and the like.

Class 2 Water-repellent washer fluids (') to which silicone WC

and the like are added.

Note (1) Washer fluid of which the water repellency measured

value is 2: 65 is classed as class 2.

5 Quality The quality of washer fluid shall conform to the requirements shown
in Table 2 when it is tested in accordance with 6. Washer fluid, which is either not
colored or suitably colored, shall be homogeneous liquid containing no sediment and
floating alien matters, and shall have no seriously offensive smell.

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K 2398: 200J

Table 2 Quality

Item Quality Test

subclause
Class 1 Class 2 number
Freezing point (Stock solution) °C -20 max. 6.5

pH value (Stock solution) 6.5 to 10.0 4.0 to 10.0 6.6

(Minimum concentration for use)

Detergency (Minimum concentration for use) Comparing with reference comparison 6.7
liquid, it has equal or superior clear
visibility.

Miscibility (Stock solu tion) No separation, - 6.8

nor precipitates,
nor deposits !

Water I(Stock solution) - 65 min. 6.9

repellency (0) .
I (Minimum concentration for use)
I

Corrosive- Change Aluminium ±0.30 6.10

ness of mass
on metal Brass ±0.15
mg/cm z
(Minimum
concentra- Galvanized steel plate ±0.80
tion for use)
(i)(I:!:2°e)
I Appearance of test piece after test There shall be no remarkable pitting
or roughened surface except the
(48 h) contact part between a test piece and
spacer.

Influence to Change Natural rubber ± 1.5 6.11

rubber of mass
(Stock qfJ Chloroprene rubber ±3.0
solution)
(50±2°C) Change Natural rubber ±5.0
(120 h) ofhanl-
ness Chloroprene rubber ±5.0

Appearance of test piece after test There shall not be stickiness on

surface, exfoliation of carbon black,
crack, etc.

Influence to Hardness Baked acrylic- Blue HE or harder 6.12

paint film by pencil resin enamel
(Stock scratch coating plate
solution) test (Metallic color)
(50±2°C)
(6 h) Arninoalkyd· White HB or harder
resin enamel
coating plate Black HB or harder
;
(Solid color)

Appearance of paint film surface There shall be no softening or

after tcst swelling of paint film, and no change
I of gloss nor color between before and
after the test. Further the fixing of
colored stuff contained in washer
fluid shall be almost negligible for
,
I
color.
I
L---

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K 2398: 2001

Table 2 (concluded)

Item Quality Test

subclause
Class 1 Class 2 number
Influence to Change Polyethylene resin ±1.0 6.13
plastics of mass
(Stock I mg/cm 2
Polypropylene resin ± 1.0
solution)
(50±2°C) I ABS resin ±4.0
(120 h) I
Non-rigid polyvinyl ±3.0
II i cWoride resin I
Polyacetal resin
I ±3.0

I Appearance of test piece after test No serious deformation.

Stability for heating pH (Stock solution) 6.5 to 10.0 4.0 to 10.0 6.14
(50±2°C) value
(8 h) (Minimum
concentration
for use)

Appearance of fluid No crystalline precipitate.

after test

Stability at low Stock solution No crystalline precipitate. 6.15

temperature
(-15±2°C) Minimum concentration
(8 h) for usc

Remarks 1 Stock solution means the washer fluid itself taken directly out of the
container.
2 The minimum concentration for use means the fluid of stock solution
diluted with water by the largest dilution ratio indicated on the container.

6 Test methods

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6.1 General matters The general matters concerning tests shall be in accordance
with JIS !{ 0050.
Further, caution items on the test are shown as follows.
a) Use of protective tools If necessary, a protective tool shall be put on in or-
der to protect skin, eyes and the like.
b) Operation The operation shall be carried out while safety is confirmed.
c) Disposal of waste A sample and the like to be discarded shall be treated so
as not to become a contamination source against water quality, the atmosphere
and the like.
d) Conformance to laws Treat following the connected laws and regulations.

6.2 Stand~rd condition of testing place The standard condition for a testing
place shall be at ordinary temperature (5 DC to 35 DC) and ordinary humidity (45 %
to 85 %) which are specified in JIS Z 8703.
Rem3rLs: In the next revision, ordinary temperature (23::: 2 DC) and ordinary
humidity (50 ± 5) % will be specified from the relation with ISO.

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K 2398: 2001

6.3 Rounding off of numerical values Rounding off of numerical values shall
be carried out in accordance with JIS Z 8401.

6.4 Sampling method The sampling method shall be as follows.

a) The number of samples to be sampled Manufacture under the same manu-
facturing conditions, form a lot by products of the same quality, and sample at
random the number of pieces given in Table 3 by the appropriate method such
as table of random numbers according to the number of containers of the lot.

Table 3

Number of containers Number of pieces

to be sampled

Ito 1000 1
1 001 to 50 000 2
5001 to 10 000 3
10 001 to 30 000 4
30001 min. 5

Remarks: The number of pieces to

be sampled may be de-
creased according to the
process capability index.

6.5 Freezing point

6.5.1 Measuring apparatus for freezing point The apparatus shall be assembled
as shown in Fig. 1 with the following appliances:
a) Cooling vessel This is a glass Dewar vessel, measuring 2 L or more in ca-
pacity and 270 mm or more in depth.
b) Cooling tube This is an air-jacketed test tube which is equipped with a side
pipe for exhausting inside from a jacket and the bottom of which is equipped
with a small pipe. On its top, a cork or a rubber stopper is attached which has
two openings for a stirrer and a thermometer.
c) Stirrer This is the coil-type steel stirrer (Number of coils is 5) which is made
of steel wire of 1.6 mm diameter specified in JIS G 4314, and movable up and
down by manual operation or an electric motor.
d) Thermometer This is either a glass bar-type thermometer having scale range
from -50 °e to a°e and is subdivided to 0.1 °e, or an instrument of tempera-
ture which has an equal precision to this.
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K 2398; 2001

Unit: mm

The rID ometer

Stirrer rod ;:;..

.~ Cork or ru bber
stopper
Motor
Iii I
II I
Cooling tube
~
r

~
Thermometer

/ Cork or rubber stopper I

Cooling tube

Clamp Is
~Levelofrefrigerant

Level of sample c:::>

<:::>

Dewar vessel ""'.3

c:::> <:::>
00
Glass wool '""".3 "I

c:::>
c:::>
"'J

t>
-e::r-.. <:::>
-e:: t> V)

~ .3

:~ t:>,
<:::>
~ '.::t

~J
e::;,:
"'J
,
~

0
~

~/
<C

5 t07 1-""\
Inside
diameter
I,
27 to 29
Outside
i
diameter
44 to 45

Fig. 1 An example of measuring apparatus

for freezing point

6.5.2 Chemicals for refrigerant One of the following shall be used for the re-
frigerant.
a) Ethanol Ethanol specified in JIS K 8102 or in JIS K 1505.
b) Methanol Methanol specified in JIS K 8891 or in JIS K 150l.
c) Propar:·2.o1 Propan-2-o1 specified in JIS K 8839 or in JIS K 1522.

6.G.3 Sample Sample shall be taken from the stock solution.

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K 2398: 2001

6.5.4 Operation Operation shall be as follows:

a) Put the chemical for refrigerant in a cooling vessel, and then add gradually dry
ice to prepare refrigerant.
b) Put 75 ml to 100 ml sample into a cooling tube, and attach a stirrer and ther-
mometer to its inside by using the cork or rubber stopper.
c) Set the cooling tube into the refrigerant. At this time, make sure that the level

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of the sample is lower than the level of the refrigerant by about 10 mm.
d) Move up and down the stirrer at a rate of 60 to 80 times per minute from start-
ing of cooling to finishing of measurement. In this case, adjust the movement
of the stirrer so that the coil of stirrer may not get out from the liquid surface.
e) Read temperature at everyone minute, and, when the reading of temperature
has approached to 5 °C higher than an anticipated freezing point(2), adjust cooling
rate to be about 1 DC per minute(3). When measurement approaches to the
anticipated freezing point, read it at every 15 s to the nearest 0.1 DC, and draw
a cooling curve as shown in Fig. 2. The point where the curve gets parallel to
the abscissa shall be the freezing point.
f) Take other sample, and repeat the operations from b) to e). When the tendency
different from Fig. 2 is obtained, retest.
Notes (2) Anticipated freezing point can be obtained from a preliminary test
or the compounding table provided by a manufacturer.
(3) This adjustment is carried out by adjusting the degree of vacuum in-
side the jacket of a cooling tube or the amount of dry ice thrown in.

~ Liquid

---------
--.;
Freezing Solid
point

~Time ~ Time

( ] ) (2)

-
...ell
:l
~Liquid
';j \ Liquid
i:i0.
~ I
l-' \ /

r \ ---~-=-~;:- Freezing
point
--- Solid
Freezing \
point \

- - Time - Time
(8 ) ( 4)

Fig. 2 Examples of cooling curves for determining the freezing point

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K 2398: 2001

6.5.5 Reco:,'d Record two measured values after rounding off to one decimal place.
When the discrepancy between two measured values is not less than 1°C,
remeasurement shall be carried out.

6.6 pH value Measure the pH value at ordinary temperature of stock solution

and the fluid diluted to the lowest concentration for use, according to the measuring
method using glass electrodes specified in 7 of JIS Z 8802.

6.7 Detergency

6:1.1 Apparatus and appliances Apparatuses and appliances shall be as follows:

a) Testing apparatus for detergency The testing apparatus for detergency is
the wiping device shown in Fig. 3 in 8.2 of JIS D 5710, and shall comply with
the following specification and performance.
b) Glass Laminated glass A or B of the class specified in JIS R 3211.
c) Wiper blade The wiper blade specified in CPSA 0028, Approval criteria and
confirming method of criteria about the windshield washer ,fluids for automo-
biles (Approval No. 51 San No. 1355 of the Minister of International Trade and
Industry), and having 380 mm in length.
d) Pressing force of blade The pressing force of blade shall be 4.0 to 4.5 Nt
380 mm 2 .
e) Tank for washer fluid The tank for washer fluid shall be the one specified
in Annex Table 1 of JIS D 5704·1.
f) Spray nozzle The number of holes for spray shall be two and their diameters
shall be 1.0 mm.
g) Pump for discharging The amount of discharging shall be about 30 ml while
a wiper arm makes 10 reciprocations.
h) Spray for the comparing dirt It shall be capable of spraying uniformly the
comparing dirt on glass surface, and measuring the sprayed amount to the nearest
1 ml shall be possible.

6.7.2 Apparatus to prepare comparing dirt The apparatus to prepare comparing

dirt shall be as follows:
a) Fusing vessel by heating The vessel capable of heating reagents up to 100 °C
and of mixing by stirring them.
b) Emulsifier The emulsifier equipped with an agitator having the rotating vanes
which has 4.00 m1min peripheral speed or more at the outermost end, and ca-
pable of mixing the whole amount of reagents

6:1.3 Reagents Reagents shall be as follows:

a) Water Water having hardness of 205 mg CaCO:JL.
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b) Morpholine Tetrahydro-l, 4-oxazine on the market.

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K 2398: 2001

c) Kanto loam layer powder That of 5:: 5 11m particle distribution specified in
JIS Z 8901.
d) Kerosene Kerosene No.1 specified in JIS K 2203.
e) Silicone oil Dimethyl polysiloxane, the viscosity of which is 350 ± 50 mm 2/S.
f) Carnauba wax Carnauba wax No. 1.
g) Carbon black Carbon black of class 12 specified in JIS Z 8901.
h) Machine oil ISO VG7 or ISO VGI0 specified in JIS K 2238.
i) Oleic acid Oleic acid on the market.
j) Methanol Methanol specified in JIS K 8891.
k) Propan·2.o1 Propan-2-o1 specified in JIS K 8839.
1) Surface-active agent Non-ionic surface-active agent on the market.
Informative reference: For instance, there are PLURONIC F-l08 and the like
for the non-ionic surface-active agents on the market.
m) 2,2'·Iminodiflthanol 2,2'-Iminodiethanol specified in JIS K 8453.
n) Diatomaceous earth Diatomaceous earth on the market of 3 !lm to 4 11m in
particle size.
0) Alumina Alumina on the market of ~ 20 11m in particle size.

6.7.4 Preparation of comparing dirt The preparation of comparing dirt shall

be as follows:
a) Heat the composition given in Table 4 at 100 ± 3 °C in a fusing vessel, and
uniformly fuse by stirring.

Table 4

Reagents Composition (by wt. ratio)

Kerosene 42.8
Carna:.lba wax 2.0
Machine oil 2.0
Silicone oil 2.0
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Oleic oil 2.0

Carbon black 0.2

Total 51.0

b) Weigh out 44.:) parts of water in mass, 1.5 parts of morpholine, and 3.0 parts of
Kanto loam lsyer powder in an emulsifier, and, after heating to 90 ± 5°C, add
;~radually the fused liquid at 100 ± 3 °C prepared at a) in this mixture within
the lapse of 2 min to 6 min while the mixture is being stirred. Thereafter, stir
for 3 min to 5 min and then allow to stand for cooling.
c) Wh8n using, stir again uniformly to prepare the comparing dirt.

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K 2398: 2001

6.7.5 Prep~..ration of contrast comparing fluid The contrast comparing fluid

shall be prepared by dissolving the constituents given in Table 5.

Table 5 Contrast comparing fluid

Heagents Composition (by wt. ratio)

Methanol 26.00
Propan-2-o1 4.00
Surface-active agent 0.03
2,2'-Iminodiethanol 0.50
Water 69.47
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Total 100.00

6.7.6 Sample The sample shall be of the lowest concentration for use of class 1
or class 2.

6.'1.7 Operation Operations shall be as follows:

a) Pour 200 ml of the sample into the tank for washer fluid.
b) For class 1, after sufficiently polishing the surface by applying the sufficient
mixture of 10 g diatomaceous earth and 2 g water to a soft cloth, wash off the
glASS surface hy water, and make sure that the water film on the glass surface
is uniform. If non-uniform, repeat the same operation again. After confirming
the waslling, sufficiently and naturally dry the glass surface.
c) For class 2, use alumina instead of diatomaceous earth, and carry out the op-
eration of b).
d) Spray uniformly 5 ± 1 ml of comparing dirt on a clean glass plate to cover the
wiping area of a wiper blade using a spray for coating comparing dirt. In this
case, set the distance of spraying to be about 30 em.
e) Thereafter, dry it naturally for 10 min.
D Reciprocate the wiper arm 10 times while the sample is being jetted from a spray
nozzle. The amount jetted during this operation shall be about 30 m!.
g) Carry out the same operations as those for the sample on the contrast compar-
ing fluicl.
In this case, the contrast comparing fluid diluted with water by the volume
ratio of 1 : 2 shall be used.
h) Investigate the remaining degree of comparing dirt by visual observation from
50 em distance apart from the glass surface, and inspect its clear visibility to
compare with the result given by the contrast comparing fluid.

6.7.8 Judgement of appearance The clear visibility of the sample shall be equal
or superior to that of the contrast comparing fluid. However, for class 2, a slight
residue of th3 oil film may be neglected (provided that it may not cause abnormality
in checking dear ,·isibility).

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K 2398: 2001

6.[; Miscihility (Applicable only to class 1)

6.8.1 Apparatus A sample container shall be the wide-mouthed bottle with ground-
in stopper specified in .HS R 3503.

6.£:.2 Reagents Reagents shall be as follows:

a) Ethanol Grade 1 reagent specified in JIS K 8102.
b) Propan-2-o1 Propan-2-ol shall be in accordance with 6.7.3 k).
c) Ethylene glycol Ethylene glycol specified in JIS K 8105.
d) Water Wat(;r shall be in accordance with 6.7.3 a).

6.8.3 Preparati.:m of miscibility test liquid Miscibility test liquid shall be pre-
pared in acconlance with Table 6.

Table 6 Miscibility test liquid

Reagents Composition (by volume ratio)

Ethanol 27.0
Propan-2-ol 10.0
Etby IBllB glycul 3.0
Water 60.0

Total 100.00

6.C.4 Sample Sample shall be taken from stock solution of grade 1.

6.£.5 Operation Place and mix uniformly 50 ml sample and 50 ml miscibility test
liquid in a wide-mouthed bottle with ground-in stopper, and, after stoppering the
bottle, let it stand still at ordinary temperature for 24 h. After standing it still,
inspect the liquid visually for the separation of the liquid, and existence of precipi-
tates and deposits.

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6.8.6 Judgemert of appearance There shall be found no separation, nor pre-
cipitate nor dejJosit in the liquid when checked visually after testing.

6.S Water repellency

6.£.1 Apparatus and appliances

a) Contact angle-measuring apparatus A contact angle-measuring apparatus
by the liquid drop method on the market (0° to 180° measuring range).
1) Before starting the measurement by the liquid drop method, confirm that
a contact angle on the tetrafluoroethylene resin board of water specified in
3.6 (3) (water not containing carbon dioxide) of JIS K 8001 is 109.2°. \Vhen
a sample· of the standard liquid drop reference is attached to the contact
angle-measuring apparatus, confirmation of the contact angle may be done
by that ~,ample.

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K 2398: 2001

2) Since evaporation of the liquid drop occurs, measurement shall be quickly

carried out.
b) Cloth piece Cotton-made flannel.
c) Specirr.en Cover glass or slide glass which is specified in JIS R 3702 or JIS
R 3703.

6.!J.2 Polis:ling liquid Polishing liquid specified in 6.7.7 b).

6.H.3 Preparation of specimen After sufficiently polishing the specimen by the

cloth piece to which polishing liquid is applied, wash it sufficiently by water, drain
off water, and dry at ordinary temperature for 30 min.

6.VA Sample As a sample, take two kinds of stock solutions and liquid diluted to
the lowest use concentration.

6.V.5 Operation Carry out the operation as follows.

a) Stock solution and lowest concentration for use Put stock solution and
liquid diluted to the lowest concentration for use into a conical beaker, and make
sure that it is enough amount to soak the whole specimen.
b) Put the specimen into the conical beaker, take it out after 1 min. After absorb-
ing tile sample dropped below the specimen by filter paper and the like, allow
to stand for 10 ± 5 min, measure the contact angles at optional three points of
the specimen, obtain an average value, and round it off to one decimal place.

6.10 Corrosiveness on metal

6.10.1 Apparatus and appliances Apparatus and appliances shall be as follows:

a) Thermostat The thermostat capable of keeping the temperature at 50 ± 2°C.
b) Wide-mouthed bottle with ground.in stopper Two bottles of 500 ml ca-
pacity cacho
c) Chemical balance The chemical balance specified in 8.1 (1) of JIS K 0050.
d) Waterproof abrasive paper No. 320 of CC specified in JIS R 6253.

6.10.2 Reagent Acetone specified in JIS K 8034.

6.10.3 Test piece Test piece, the surface of which area is 20 cm 2 to 28 cm 2 (about
90 mm x 13 mm), shall be as follows. Two such test pieces shall be prepared.
a) Aluminium A 2024P specified in JIS H 4000.
b) Bras" C 2801P specified in .TIS H 3100.
c) G~llvanized steel plate SGCC specified in JIS G 3302.
d) Bolt The bruss bolt on the market which is sleeved by synthetic resin(4) and
menSUf('S M5 x 38 mD1.

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K 2398: 2001

e) Spacer Four spacers, measuring {lIZ (outside diameter) x 6.5 x 05.1 mm (in-
side diameter), made from synthetic resin(4) on the market.
f) Nut One brass nut on the market of which the nominal size is M5.
Note (4) This synthetic resin shall be tetrafluoroethylene resin or polyethylene
resin.

Aluminium

Brass plate

Galvanized
steel plate
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Fig. 3 Assembled test piece

6.10.4 Preparation of test piece Polish the surface of a test piece with water-
proof abrasive paper, and after washing with water, wash with acetone and dry it.
In the case of galvanized steel plate, avoid polishing with waterproof abrasive pa-
pel'.

6,}O.5 Sample The sample shall be the fluid of the lo,,;;est concentration for use.

6.10.6 Operation Operations shall be performed as follows:

a) Place respectively 400 ml of sample into two wide-mouthed bottles with ground-
in stoppen.
b) Weigh respectively two test pieces to the nearest 0.1 mg in mass, and assemble
a sct wi th pil.ces as shown in Fig. 3 to prepare 2 sets. Place each set in a dif-
ferent vessel and put a cover.
c) Ke"p them ir, the thermostat which has been adjusted previously at 50 ± 2 DC,
and then allow to stand still for 48 h.
d) After test is finished, remove corrosion products using a feather brush moist-
ened with water, and wash with water and then with acetone. After drying up,
weigh its mass to the nearest 0.1 mg.

6.10.7 Calculation and record The change of mass shall be calculated accord-
ing to the following formula, and record the average value of two set test pieces.
W~-Wl
c= S
where, c: change of mass (mg/cm 2)
WI: mass of a test piece before test (mg)
~T2 : mass of a test piece after test (mg)
s: whole surface area of a test piece before test (cm 2)

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K 2398: 2001

6.10.8 Jud:~ement of appearance When checking the surface condition of the

test piece wPighed in mass at 6.10.6 d) visually and touching by hand, there shall
be no remarkable pitting and roughened surface except the contact part between
the test piece and spacer.

6.11 Influence to rubber

6.11.1 Apparatus and appliances Apparatus and appliances shall be as follows:

a) HardnC'ss tester Either of international rubber-hardness tester specified in
JIS K 6253 or IRHD pocket hardness tester and type A of a durometer is used.
b) Thermostat The thermostat capable of keeping the temperature at 50 ± 2°C.
c) Vessel for test The vessel specified in Fig. 20 of JIS K 2839. Provided that
there s1:all be no hole.
d) Dcsiccdor The suitable-sized desiccator specified in JIS R 3503 containing
dcsi ccar, t.
e) Chemic.:al balance The chemical balance specified in 6.10.1 c).

6.11.2 Tesl piece The test piece made of natural rubber or chloroprene rubber
specified in the Appendix of CPSA 0028, Approval criteria and confirming met.hod
of criteria about the windshield washer fluids for automobiles; and measuring 20 mm
x 50 mm x 2 mm.

6.11.3 Preparation of test piece Prepare respectively three pieces of natural

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rubber and chloroprene rubber, and, after slightly wiping them with clean gauze moist-
ened with water, keep them in a desiccator for about 24 h.

6.11.4 Sr.m pIe Sample shall be taken from stock solution.

6.11.5 Ope~~ation Operations shall be performed as follows:

a) Weigh the mass of each test piece to the nearest 0.1 mg.
b) Measure:. the hardness of each test piece by using a hardness tester.
c) Put 150 ml of sample into the vessel for test.
d) Put the test pieces, the mass and hardness of which have been respectively mea-
sured, ill each vessel so as to let the test pieces of the same material be put
int.o the 3ame vessel. Cover each vessel, and draw the test pieces out after keeping
at 50 ± 2 °C for 120 h.
e) Dl'Y the surface of the test piece rapidly with blowing dried air on it, and in,
spect the surface with the naked eye and touch by hand.
D Measuro the hardne~s of each test pIece in accordance with b).
g) After sJ:ghtly wiping them with moistened gauze, dry at 50 ± 2°C for 6 h, and
measure' their mass to the nearest 0.1 mg.

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K 2398: 2001

6.11.6 Calculation and record The changes of mass and of hardness shall be
calculated according to the following formulae. The change of mass shall be recorded
wi t h the averaged value of the three test pieces.
a) Change of mass

w == 1% - 1~ x 100
WI
where, W: change of mass (%)
~!l: mass of a test piece before test (mg)
w2 : mass of a test piece after test (mg)
(2) Change of hardness

where, Ii: change of hardness

HI: hardness of a test piece before test
H2 : hardness of a test piece after test

6.11.7 Judgement of appearance When checking the surface condition visually

and touching by hand according to 6.11.5 e), it shall be free from separation of car-
ton black and stickiness.

6.12 Influence to paint film

6.12.1 Apparatus and appliances Apparatus and appliances shall be as follows:

a) Pencil for p ~mcil scratch test There is the verified pencil specified in JIS
S 6006.
Informative reference: For the pencil for pencil scratch test, the pencil verified
by Incorporated Foundation Japan Paint Inspection and
Testing Association is recommended.
b) Buret with a cock Buret of 10 m! capacity specified in JIS R 3505.
c) Watch glass The watch glass measuring 50 mm to 80 mm diameter.
d) Thermostat The thermostat capable of keeping the temperature at 50 ± 2°C.
e) Desiccator The desiccator in accordance with 6.11.1 d).

6.12.2 Preparation of test piece Test pieces shall be prepared as follows:

a) The material and shape of a test plate shall be the original plate SPB specified
in ,JIS G 3303, SPHC specified in .JIS G 3131 and class 1 SPCC specified in
JIE G 3141, 3.nd its size, be 90 mm x 150 mm.
b) In the case of galvanized tin plate, polish enough to reach tin face with AA No. 320
or CC :Ko. 320 specified in JIS R 6253, and then degrease with lacquer thinner
specified L1 .lIS K 5538. In the caf;C of steel plate, treat similarly.

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K 2398: 2001

c) The following paintings shall be used.

1) To ?repare baked acrylic-resin enamel coating plate, metallic type of bak-
ing-finish acrylic-resin enamel on the market shall be employed, and its
coler, be blue.
2) To prepare aminoalkyd-re.3in enamel coating plate, class 1 specified in JIS
K 5651 shall be employed, and its colour, be white and black (solid color).
d) Coating method shall conform to 3.3 of JIS K 5600-1-1. In this case, the thick-
ness of coating film shall be from 20 f.lm to 30 11m.

6.12.3 Sample Sample shall be taken from stock solution.

6.12.4 Opcl'a tion Opera tions shall be as follows:

a) Wipe lightly the surface of a test plate with clean gauze moistened with water,
and then keep it in a desiccator at ordinary temperature for 1 h.
b) Drop re.;pectively 0.3 ml of the sample at three spots on the test plate with a
buret.
c) Cover the spots with a watch glass and keep the plate in the thermostat at
50 ± 2°C for 6 h, and t.hen after removing the watch glass, wash it with lightly
sprayed water. After letting it stand still at ordinary temperature for 1 h, in-
spect the surface of coating film visually. Successively, carry out pencil scratch
test at the spots, where sample has been dropped, on the plate.
d) Carry out the pencil scratch test on the three spots, where sample has been
dropped, on the test plate in accordance with pencil method of JIS K 5600-5-4.

6.12.5 Record Record shall be performed as follows:

As to the record of pencil scratch test, if two or more values out of three spots
measured values are the same, the common value shall be recorded, and if all three
are different, the median shall be recorded.

6.12.6 ~Judg'ement of appearance When checked after test visually, the coating
film shall be free from softening and swelling, change of gloss and colour before and
after testing, and fixing of coloured matter in the sample shall be little enough to be
negligible.

6.13 Influence to plastics

6.13.1 Apparatus and appliances Apparatus and appliances shall be as follows:

a) Thcrmcstat The thermostat capable of keeping the temperature at 50 ± 2°C.
b) Holder Glass-made holder having suitable mass and shape.
c) Wiclc-mcJuthed bottle with ground-in stopper 500 ml bottle specified in JIS
R 3503.
d) Chemical balance The chemical balance shall be in accordance with 6.10.1 c).
e) Desicc4tor The desiccator shall be in accordance with 6.11.1 d).

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K 2398: 2001

6.] 3.2 Reagent Ethanol shall be in accordance with 6.8.2 a).

6.13.3 Test piece The size of a test piece shall principally be 25 mm x 50 mm x

2I'lm. However, if it will be directly taken from the part of a washing device, it
shall have the saIlle surface area as the above-mentioned.

6.] 3.4 Preparation of test piece Wipe lightly the test piece with clean gauze
moistened with ethanol, and after drying it by blowing dry air, keep in a desiccator
for about 24 h.
The number of t.est pieces shall be two pieces per each type of plastics. The materials
shall be as followo~:
a) Polyethylene resin Polyethylene resin shall be as specified in JIS K 6922-2.
b) Po]ypropyle~le resin Polypropylene resin shall be as specified in JIS K 6921-2.
c) Sort polyvinyl chloride resin Soft polyvinyl chloride resin shall be as specified
in JIS K 6771.
d) ABS resin ABS resin shall be as specified in JIS K 6873.
e) Polyacetal resin Polyacetal resin shall be the one on the market.

6.] 3.5 Sample Sample shall be taken from stock solution.

6.] 3.6 Operatio~'l Operations shall be as follows:

a) Measure the mass of test pieces to the nearest 0.1 mg.
b) Into each of the five wide-mouthed bottles with ground-in stopper, put two weighed
test pieces of the same material respectively, and add 300 ml sample. If a test
piece floats, hold it down with a holder to submerge it in the liquid, and then
stopper the bottle.

c) Put the bottles in the thermostat maintained at 50 ± 2 °e, and keep for 120 h.
d) After taking out the test pieces from the bottles, wipe each piece lightly with
clean gauze raoistened with water, inspect its appearance visually, and weigh
its mass after drying naturally at ordinary temperature for 3 h.

6.13.7 Calculation and record The change of mass shall be calculated accord-
ing to the following formula, and the average of two values of the same material
test pieces shall be recorded.
W,-W1
C = ---="---'-
S
where, c: change of mass (mg/cm 2)
'VI: mass of a test piece before test (mg)
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Vi'2: mass of a test piece after test (mg)

S: whole surface area of a test piece before t.est (cm 2 )

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K 2398: 2001

6.13.8 <Jud1;ement of appearance When checking visually, there shall be no re-

markable deformation.

6.14 Stability for heating

6.14.1 Apparatus and appliances Apparatus and appliances shall be as follows:

a) Thermostat The thermostat capable of keeping the temperature at 50 ± 2°e.
b) pH meter The pH meter specified in 6.6.
c) Wide-mmthed bottle with ground-in stopper 120 ml capacity bottle specified
in JIS n, 3503,

6.] 4.2 Sample Sample shall be both the stock solution fluid and solution of the
lowest concentration fluid for use,

6.14.3 Opel'ation Operations shall be as follows:

a) Place 50 ml of sample separately into two bottles, and after stoppering, put them
into the thermostat previously adjusted at 50 ± 2°e. After keeping them un-
cleI' the condition for 8 h, allow them to stand still at ordinary temperature for
16 h,
b) Judge the degree of precipitation after test by visual inspection, and measure
the value of pH,

6.14.4 <Judgement of appearance When checking the fluid after test visually,
there should be no crystalline precipitate (5).

6.15 Stability at low temperature

6.] 5.1 Apparatus and appliance Apparatus and appliance shall be as follows:
a) Thermostat The thermostat capable of keeping the temperature at -15 ± 2°e.
b) Wide-mouthed bottle with ground·in stopper Two bottles of 120 ml ca-
pacity specified in JIS R 350::L

6.15.2 Sample Sample shall be both the stock solution fluid and solution of the
lowest concentration fluid for use.

6.15.3 Ope:'ation Operations shall be performed as follows:

a) Place 50 ml of samples into wide-mouthed bottle with ground-in stopper, and
stopper them, Put them in the low temperature thermostat previously adjusted
at -15 ± 2 °e, and after keeping for 8 h, allow them to stand still at 20 ± 15 "C
for 16 h,
b) In:'pc.ct ::,hc clegree of precipitate(5) after testing visually,
Notl" (5) Feathery precipitation may be ignored.

6.J 5.4 ,Jud:~cmcnt of appearance When checking the fluid after testing visu-
ally, the:e shall be no crystalline precipitate(5),

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K 2398: 2001

7 Container Container shall be constructed so as not to cause leakage and tbe

likl! whi)e being bandIed.

8 Inspection \Vben inspection is carried out in accordance with 6, the results shall
me.::t the requirements given in Table 2.

9 :v.Iarldng The windshield washer fluid shall be marked or attached with the fol-
lo\\'ing items on its visible place of vessel.
a) Title of the standard
b) :0l"ame of elements
c) Name of manufacturer or its abbreviation, and its location
d) Date of manufacturing or its abbreviation
e) Net quantity
f) Dilution ratio with water and its freezing point (Dilution ratio of the lowest
concentration for use of fluid shall be indicated clearly.)
g) Method for u~:e
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10 Caution to handling The following cautions to handling shall be marked or

att.~ched
on the visible spot of the vessel.
a) The caution pictographs and their colours shall be in accordance with JIS Z
9101.
Further th8 following markings shall be appended to the cautions.
1 Don't let it touch on skin or eyes.
2 Keep it away from children
3 )rever inhale or drink
b) Display items established by the Fire Services Law
c) Don't use for cases except for the purposes.
d) Don't mix class 2 with another washer liquid
e) First-aid instructions
f) Cautions to use
g) Storage and disposal method
Informative rt,ference: There is self-imposed control in the industry concerning
the display of washer liquid.

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K 2398: 2001

Attached Table 1 Normative references

JIS n 5704-1 Automotive parts-Windshield washer systems-Requirement speci-
lications
JIS D 5710 Automotive parts-Wiper arms and wiper blades
JIS G 3131 Hot-rolled mild stcel plates, sheets and strip
JIS G 3111 Cold-reduced carbon steel sheets and strip
JIS G 3302 Hot-dip zinc-coated steel sheets and coils
JIS G 3303 Tinplate and blackplate
JIS G 4314 Stainless steel wires for springs
JIS H 3100 Copper and copper alloy sheets, plates and strips
JIS H 4000 Aluminium and aluminium alloy sheets and plates, strips and coiled
sheets
JIS K 0050 General rules lor chemical analysis
JIS K 1501 Methanol
JIS K 1505 Technical alcohol
JIS K 1522 Isopropyl alcohol (isopropanol)
JIS K 2203 Kerosine
JIS K 2238 Machine oils
JIS K 2839 Glasswares for testing apparatus of petroleum products
JIS K 5600-1-1 Testing methods for paints-Part 1 : General rule-Section 1 :
General test methods {conditions and methods}
JIS K 5538 Lacquer thinner
JIS K 5600-5-4 Testing methods for paints-Part 5 : Mechanical property of film-
Section 4 : Scratch hardness (Pencil method)
JIS K 5651 Aminoalkyd resin paint
JIS K 6253 Hardness testing methods lor rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic
JIS K 6771 Flexible vinyl tube
JIS K 6873 Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) sheets
,TIS K 6921-2 Plastics-Polypropylene (PP) moulding and extrusion materials-
Part 2 : Preparation of tcst specimens and determination of prop-
erties
,TIS K 6922-2 Plastics-Polyethylene (PE) moulding and extrusion materials-
Part 2 : Preparation of test specimens and determination of prop-
erties
JIS K 8001 General rule for test methods of reagents
,TIS K 8034 Acetone
JIS K 8102 Ethanol (95)
,JI8 K 81)5 Ethylene plycol

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K 2398: 2001

Attached Table 1 (concluded)

JIS K 8453 2,~?'-Iminodiethanol

JIS K 8839 2-Propanol

JIS l\ 8891 M2thanol
JIS n 3211 Safety glazing materials for road vehicles
JIS Il 3503 Glass apparatus for chemical analysis
JIS H. 3505 \fulumetric glassware
JIS n 3702 Cover glasses for microscopes
JIS I~ 3703 Slide glasses for microscope
JIS H 6253 Waterproof abrasive papers
JIS E; 6006 Pencils, coloured pencils and leads for them
.IIS Z 8401 Guide to the rounding at numbers
.IIS ;, 8703 Standard atmospheric conditions for testing
.IIS Z 8802 Methods for determination of pH of aqueous solutions
JIS Z 8901 Test powders and test particles
.IIS Z 9101 Safety colours and safety signs

n -dater! Standarc1s :
.IIS K 5401 Pwcil scratch tester for coated film
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FS C'C-190 1 Cleaning Compound, Windshield. (Solvent and Anti-Freeze, Concen-

trated)
FS P-G-406 D Glass Cleaner, Liquid (Concentrated and Ready-to- Use)
CPSA 0028 "1/indshieLd washer liquid" No. 5l-1355 approved by l\Tinister of In-
ternational Trade and Industry

Copyright Japanese Standards Association

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ErFta for ITS (English edition) are printed in Standardization Journal, published monthly
by the Japanese Standards Asso:iation, and also provided to subscribers of ITS (English
edition) in Monthly Infonnation.

Err;.ta will be provided upon request, ple3se contact:

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