Review of RL or Rs Final

Review of Related Literature
1.Saltwater as the energy source for low-cost, safe rechargeable batteries.
The effective use of electricity from renewable sources requires large-scale stationary electrical
energy storage (EES) systems with rechargeable high-energy-density, low-cost batteries. We report a
rechargeable saltwater battery using NaCl (aq.) as the energy source (catholyte). The battery is
operated by evolution/reduction reactions of gases (mostly O2, with possible Cl2) in saltwater at the
cathode, along with reduction/oxidation reactions of Na/Na+ at the anode. The use of saltwater and
the Na-metal-free anode enables high safety and low cost, as well as control of cell voltage and
energy density by changing the salt concentration. The battery with a hard carbon anode and 5 M
saltwater demonstrated excellent cycling stability with a high discharge capacity of 296 mA h ghard
carbon−1 and a coulombic efficiency of 98% over 50 cycles. Compared with other battery types, it
offers greatly reduced energy cost and relatively low power cost when used in EES systems.
https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2016/ta/c6ta01274d
2.Feasibility Study of a Low Cost Saltwater Lamp for Rural Area.
Renewable energy is energy generated from natural resources and cannot be depleted. Solar energy
is the fastest growing source of renewable energy but the high installation and maintenance cost of a
solar system has restrained the consumers from adopting this technology at their home or
commercial building. This is especially true for those in developing countries. A new promising
renewable energy source known as saltwater energy that takes advantage of the conductive nature
of salt water to generate electricity, has intrigued many people. A study has been conducted to
develop and produce saltwater-powered devices especially for rural and remote communities in
Malaysia as well as worldwide. To main objective of this study is to determine the factors that affect
the performance of the saltwater energy generation such as electrode's combinations, number of
cells and the durability of the electrodes. It was found that the choice of electrodes as anode and
cathode does affect the voltage output. However, due to the small power produce, the number of
cells must be increased to produce enough power to light up a led light and to provide power to USB
port. This paper also conducted a cost analysis of using the saltwater lamp and compared it with a
solar system. Although the difference in the cost per hour is very small, there are a number of
disadvantages of solar system that need to be aware of. The findings obtained from these
experiments will be used to design a prototype of the illumination technology for further product
development.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329699893_Feasibility_Study_of_a_Low_Cost_Saltwater
_Lamp_for_Rural_Area
3.Utilization of Sea Water as Source of Electrical Energy of Coastal People
In this modern era electricity needs have a huge surge. It can even be said that humans are very
dependent on electrical energy. Power outages, disturbing public activities, disrupted traffic flows
and even wider relationships between countries can also be affected due to power outages. For that
need to be developed alternative energy sources. One of the most untapped ones is the energy of
seawater. The energy generated from seawater has advantages, such as environmental friendliness,
and does not require much funding. one sign that seawater contains electric current is the presence
of a high element of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) and by H2O is decomposed into Na+ and Cl-. With the
free charge particle, there is an electric current. Has been done research about sea water that is able
to generate electrical energy, where seawater is a compound of NaCl, sea water is a solution of
electrolyte with biggest solute. From the results of research conducted that the stress contained in
200 ml of sea water obtained 0,5V, and when added 50 grams of salt voltage increased to 0.8V. By
researching the conversion of alternative energy, sea water to generate electricity can help supply
electricity from the government to meet the electricity needs in coastal areas.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323549372_Utilization_of_Sea_Water_as_Source_of_Ele
ctrical_Energy_of_Coastal_People
4. A new rechargeable seawater desalination battery system
The exploitation and utilization of seawater resources has become a significant research topic
nowadays. In this communication, we report a rechargeable desalination battery system for the first
time. This design can integrate the electrochemical battery, seawater desalination, and acid-alkali
production in one system. The basic working principle of the designed system was illustrated, and
further proved by the results of the experiments. Furthermore, future research directions and
outlooks of this system are proposed. This conceptual work provides a promising technology for
utilization of natural seawater resources.
In addition, seawater contains large amounts of valuable minerals. Almost all the elements in the
periodic table can be found in seawater, although many elements are present in very low
concentration.[23] Minerals have been mined from seawater since ancient times. Common salt
(NaCl) was apparently first systematically extracted from seawater some time prior to 2200 B.C.
Many minerals can be produced as by-products during the seawater extraction process, although
most elements have not been commercially extracted directly from seawater itself on any notable
scale. [24–28] Overall, it is very important for the sustainable development of our humankind to
exploit and use the energy and resources in ocean.
Recently, a novel energy conversion and storage system, rechargeable seawater battery, using
natural seawater as an abundant supply of active materials (sodium ion and dissolved O2 in
seawater), has been developed. [29–31] That is a new technology for utilization of seawater
resources. Herein, we propose, for the first time, a rechargeable seawater desalination battery
system, which integrates the electrochemical battery, seawater desalination, and acid-alkali
production in one system. The working principle will be illustrated, and further proved by the results
of experiment. Finally, future research directions and outlooks of this system will be prospected.
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?
hl=en&as_sdt=0,5&qsp=7&q=rechargeable+seawater+batteries&qst=br#d=gs_qabs&u=%23p
%3DPjvI1a2IsIsJ

Review of RL or Rs Final

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Review of RL or Rs Final

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Review of RL or Rs Final

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Review of Related Literature

1.Saltwater as the energy source for low-cost, safe rechargeable batteries.

2.Feasibility Study of a Low Cost Saltwater Lamp for Rural Area.

3.Utilization of Sea Water as Source of Electrical Energy of Coastal People

4. A new rechargeable seawater desalination battery system

You might also like