TEST 3

Part 1
For Questions 1-8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D)
best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning.
Example (0)
A) series B) issue C) programme D) release
Sound Advice for Language Learners
A recent (0) ......... of a language learning magazine has consulted a number of
experts in the (1) ........ of second language acquisition. Their advice may prove
invaluable for those (2) ........ a language course. One suggestion is that you assess
whether you are likely to be successful at learning a language. Did you enjoy
studying languages at school, for example? Do you have enough time to learn a
language? The major cost will be your own time and effort. If proof of your level
of proficiency is important you must make sure that the course on offer leads to
a (3) ........ qualification. Also, be realistic in your goals. If you don't set achievable
aims you are more likely to give up. Do not be deceived (4) ........... thinking that
the most expensive courses are the best. (5) ........... around to get the best possible
value for money. You should also bear in mind that the quicker you learn a
language the more quickly you forget it. Sandra Miller, a French teacher, tried to
teach herself German by enrolling on a (6) .......... course. Already fluent in four
languages and with a sound knowledge of teaching methodology her chances of
making progress were high. Three years (7) ........ she remembers very little. She
feels her biggest mistake was not to follow (8) ............ her first experience. "I
should have consolidated what I'd learn by continuing to study, even if it were by
myself."
1A domain B branch C field D area
2A wondering B thinking C looking D considering
3A recognized B understood C valued D regarded
4A by B about C into D in
5A Nose B Push C Run D Shop
6.A rapid B crash C quick D fast
7A on B forward C from D onward
8A up B on C through D out

Part 2
For questions 1-8, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each
gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).
Example (0) THE
Pre-History
That fragment of pottery, that little piece of bone or (0) ... remains of an early
human tool are quite often the only evidence we have of our early history.
However, (1) ... a consequence of the work of archaeologists and others in this
field, we have over the years built up an extremely good understanding of early
human development. This is the case (2) ... the fact that there is no written
evidence of the period we term pre-history. (3) ... is startling to note is that this
period, which predates the invention of writing, accounts for 99% of human
existence. It was (4) ...this time that discoveries that shaped the human race were
made, early settlements created that (5) ... to become our major cities and in
general was the time when the very foundations of human civilisation were laid.
The evidence of our pre-history can be found everywhere, from remnants of human
existence buried deep in the ground (6) ... ancient pathways and burial grounds.
The first and easiest place to start your exploration of pre-history is of (7) ... your
local museum, particularly (8) ... you are interested in discovering more about the
area where you live. You may also have a local archaeological group that would be
prepared to let you work as a volunteer.
Part 3
For Questions 1-8, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of
some lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an example
at the beginning.
Example:
(0) KNOWLEDGE
21st Century Workplace
The economy of the 21st century is based on skills and (0) ..... according to a
recent report. The study shows that throughout this century there will be more jobs
for those with the right qualifications and the right skills, and fewer jobs for those
with none. The best employee will be one with a (1) ..... level of academic
or (2) ..... achievement that can enable the individual to support their CV with
evidence of desirable personal qualities.
As (3) ..... increases and technological advances make typical working practices
redundant, (4) ..... employees will need to show various personal attributes. As well
as wanting people who are flexible, companies are also looking for evidence
of (5) .....
It is also (6) ..... necessary to be an excellent communicator as the majority of
companies make their profits from the skills of people selling their goods as much
as from the producers themselves. The recruitment of the very best people is
crucial. Unless businesses show the (7) ..... to adapt they may find they are (8) .....
according to the authors of the report.
1) DEMONSTRATE 2) VOCATION3) GLOBE4) PROSPECT5) ADAPT
6) INCREASE7) WILL 8) SUSTAIN
Part 4
For questions 1-6, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to
the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must
use between three and six words, including the word given. For example:

There's a chance that Claire now doesn't want to apply for the job.
CHANGE
Claire may ......................................... heart about applying for the job.

Answer: have had a change of

1) How can I make him understand that I don't want to see him any more?
ACROSS
How can I ......................................... that I don't want to see him any more?
2) Parents predict chaos in schools unless the strike is called off.
RESULT
Parents claim it ........................................ the teacher's strike goes ahead.
3) Police are warning people to check for forged notes which are currently in
circulation.
LOOKOUT
Police are warning people to be ....................................... forged notes which are
currently in circulation.
4) It's possible that they got the wrong idea and thought the party was next week.
REACHED
They might ........................................ conclusion and thought the party was next
week.
5) It was a mistake not to write the telephone number down.
POINT
I should ........................................ writing down the telephone number.
6) Apparently, they're planning on rerouting the traffic to reduce congestion.
DRAWN
Plans ........................................ reroute the traffic to reduce congestion.

The Wild Side Of Town

The countryside is no longer the place to see wildlife, according to Chris Barnes. These days you
are more likely to find impressive numbers of skylarks, dragonflies and toads in your own back
garden.
1/The past half century has seen an interesting reversal in the fortunes of much of Britain’s
wildlife. Whilst the rural countryside has become poorer and poorer, wildlife habitat in towns has
burgeoned. Now, if you want to hear a deafening dawn chorus of birds or familiarise yourself
with foxes, you can head for the urban forest.
2/Whilst species that depend on wide open spaces such as the hare, the eagle and the red deer
may still be restricted to remote rural landscapes, many of our wild plants and animals find the
urban ecosystem ideal. This really should be no surprise, since it is the fragmentation and
agrochemical pollution in the farming lowlands that has led to the catastrophic decline of so
many species.

3/By contrast, most urban open spaces have escaped the worst of the pesticide revolution, and
they are an intimate mosaic of interconnected habitats. Over the years, the cutting down of
hedgerows on farmland has contributed to habitat isolation and species loss. In towns, the tangle
of canals, railway embankments, road verges and boundary hedges lace the landscape together,
providing first-class ecological corridors for species such as hedgehogs, kingfishers and
dragonflies.

4/Urban parks and formal recreation grounds are valuable for some species, and many of them
are increasingly managed with wildlife in mind. But in many places their significance is eclipsed
by the huge legacy of post-industrial land demolished factories, waste tips, quarries, redundant
railway yards and other so-called ‘brownfield’ sites. In Merseyside, South Yorkshire and the
West Midlands, much of this has been spectacularly colonised with birch and willow woodland,
herb-rich grassland and shallow wetlands. As a consequence, there are song birds and predators
in abundance over these once-industrial landscapes.

5/There are fifteen million domestic gardens in the UK. and whilst some are still managed as
lifeless chemical war zones, most benefit the local wildlife, either through benign neglect or
positive encouragement. Those that do best tend to be woodland species, and the garden lawns
and flower borders, climber-covered fences, shrubberies and fruit trees are a plausible
alternative. Indeed, in some respects gardens are rather better than the real thing, especially with
exotic flowers extending the nectar season. Birdfeeders can also supplement the natural seed
supply, and only the millions of domestic cats may spoil the scene.

6/As Britain’s gardeners have embraced the idea of ‘gardening with nature’, wildlife’s response
has been spectacular. Between 1990 and the year 2000. the number of different bird species seen
at artificial feeders in gardens increased from 17 to an amazing 81. The BUGS project
(Biodiversity in Urban Gardens in Sheffield) calculates that there are 25.000 garden ponds and
100.000 nest boxes in that one city alone.

7/We are at last acknowledging that the wildlife habitat in towns provides a valuable life support
system. The canopy of the urban forest is filtering air pollution, and intercepting rainstorms,
allowing the water to drip more gradually to the ground. Sustainable urban drainage relies on
ponds and wetlands to contain storm water runoff, thus reducing the risk of flooding, whilst reed
beds and other wetland wildlife communities also help to clean up the water. We now have
scientific proof that contact with wildlife close to home can help to reduce stress and anger.
Hospital patients with a view of natural green space make a more rapid recovery and suffer less
pain.

8/Traditionally, nature conservation in the UK has been seen as marginal and largely rural. Now
we are beginning to place it at the heart of urban environmental and economic policy. There are
now dozens of schemes to create new habitats and restore old ones in and around our big cities.
Biodiversity is big in parts of London. thanks to schemes such as the London Wetland Centre in
the south west of the city.

9/This is a unique scheme masterminded by the Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust to create a wildlife
reserve out of a redundant Victorian reservoir. Within five years of its creation the Centre has
been hailed as one of the top sites for nature in England and made a Site of Special Scientific
Interest. It consists of a 105-acre wetland site, which is made up of different wetland habitats of
shallow, open water and grazing marsh. The site attracts more than 104 species of bird, including
nationally important rarities like the bittern.

10/We need to remember that if we work with wildlife, then wildlife will work for us and this is
the very essence of sustainable development.
Questions 14-19- TRUE-FALSE-NOT GIVEN
14      There is now more wildlife in UK cities than in the countryside.
15      Rural wildlife has been reduced by the use of pesticides on farms.
16      In the past, hedges on farms used to link up different habitats.
17      New urban environments are planned to provide ecological corridors for wildlife.
18      Public parks and gardens are being expanded to encourage wildlife.
19      Old industrial wastelands have damaged wildlife habitats in urban areas.
Questions 20-23-Answer the questions below, using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS
AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.
20.Which type of wildlife benefits most from urban gardens? ……………………………….
21.What type of garden plants can benefit birds and insects?  ……………………………….
22.What represents a threat to wildlife in urban gardens?  ……………………………….
23.At the last count, how many species of bird were spotted in urban gardens?  …………….
Question 24-26-Choose THREE letters A-G.
In which THREE ways can wildlife habitats benefit people living in urban areas?
A. They can make the cities greener B. They can improve the climate
C. They can promote human well being D. They extend the flowering season
E. They absorb the excess water F. They can attract wildlife
G. They cam help clean the urban atmosphere
Question 27-Choose the correct answer,  A, B, C or D.
27.The writer believes that sustainable development is dependent on
A Urban economic policy. B Large restoration schemes.
C Active nature conservation. D Government projects.