Maths IIT-JEE Best Approach MC SIR

Inverse Trigonometric functions All trigonometric functions are periodic and

f : R  R ; f = sin x is many one into. hence not invertible. To make them invertible
To make it bijective cut its domain & co- we cut their domain.
domain sin–1x, cos–1x, tan–1x etc. denote angles or
f : [–/2, /2]  [–1, 1] real numbers whose sine is x, whose cosine
f = sin x is bijective. Now invertible. is x and whose
tangent is x.

Principal Value Range and Domain of ITF Note :

ITF Domain Range (i) Ist quadrant common to all ITF.
sin–1x [–1, 1] (ii) 3rd quadrant is not used in ITF.
(iii) 4th quadrant is not used in the clockwise
   direction.
 2 , 2 
 
cos–1x [–1, 1] [0, ]
  
tan–1x R  
, 
 2 2
cosec–1x (–,–1][1,]
  
  2 , 2   0
 
 
sec–1x (–,–1][1,] [0, ] –  
2
cot–1x R (0, )
cos–1x All ITF + ve
cos–1x sec–1x
sin–1x tan–1x
cosec–1x

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Note : (ii) ITF will be reflection of function about
(i) All ITF are bounded line y = x.

Graphs of all 6 ITF Highlights :

(I) Y = sin–1 x (i) sin–1x is aperiodic

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(ii) sin–1 x is bounded (iii) sin–1x is odd function

(iv) sin–1x is increasing (v) Max. value is 1 and Min. value is –1

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(II) y = cos–1 x
dy 1
(vi) y = sin–1x ; dx 
1 x2

Highlights : (ii) cos –1 x is bounded

–1
(i) cos x is aperiodic

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(iii) cos –1 x is neither odd nor even (iv) cos –1 x is always decreasing

(v) Max value is  & min value is 0

dy 1
(vi) dx 
1 x2

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y = tan–1Best
x Approach MC SIR
Highlights (ii) tan–1 x is bounded
–1
(i) tan x is aperiodic

(iii) tan–1 x is odd function (vi) tan–1 x is always increasing

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(vi) No maxima & no minima
dy 1
(vii) 
dx 1  x 2

(IV) y = cot–1 x Highlights

(i) cot –1 x is aperiodic

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(ii) cot –1 x is bounded (iii) Neither odd nor even

(iv) Decreasing (v) No maxima & no minima

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(V) y = sec–1 x
dy 1
(vi) 
dx 1  x 2

Highlights (ii) sec –1 x is bounded

–1
(i) sec x is aperiodic

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(iii) Neither odd nor even (iv) Increasing

(v) Maxima   & Minima  0

dy 1
(vi) dx 
|x| x2  1

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(VI) y = cosec–1 x Highlights
–1
(i) cosec x is aperiodic

(ii) cosec –1 x is bounded (iii) Odd

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(iv) Decreasing (v) Maxima   & Minima  

Note :
dy 1
(1) tan–1 (x) and cot–1 (x) are continuous and
(vi) dx  
| x | x2 1 monotonic on R that their range is R.
(2) If f (x) is continuous and has a range R
it is monotonic.
e.g. y = x3 –3x

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Question. Question.
Domain & range of y = sin–1 (ex) Domain & range of cos–1 [x]

Question. Question.
Domain & range of cos–1 {x}, sin–1{x}. Domain & range of cot–1 (sgn x)

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Question. Question.
Domain & range of tan–1 (log2 (x2 – 2x + 2))
 1   1 
Value of sin–1    + cos–1   –
 2  2

 1 
 
tan–1  3 + cot–1  


3

Question. Question.
Value of sin (tan–1 (2)) Value of cos(tan–1(3))

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Question. Question.
Value of cos (2 tan–1 (2))
 1  3
Value of sin  2 sin  
  5

Question. Question.
Value of cos (2 tan–1 (3))
 3 3
Value of sin  arcsin  arccos 
 5 5

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Question. Question.
Show that :
 1  1 
Value of sin  tan cos cot 1    x2  1
  3 

cos tan 1
 sin  cot x    
1

x2  2
; x  (0,1)

Question. Question.
If cos–1x + cos–1y = 0, find value of x + y If cos–1 x + cos–1 y + cos–1 z = 3 , find
value of x + y + z

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Question. Question.
If sin–1x + sin–1y + sin–1z = 3/2, find value True/ False
of x + y + z y = sgn (cot–1x) & y = sin2x + cos2x are
identical functions.

Question. Question.
If f : R  [0, /2)
f(x) = tan–1 (x2 + 2x + ), function is onto    
If f : R   , ,
then find .  4 2
f(x) = tan–1 (x2 + 2x + ) f(x) is onto. Find 

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Question. Question.
2 2 2
 sin 1 x    sin 1 y    sin 1 z   32
. 
log10 1  log 7  x 2  5x  13 
4
Distinct values of x + y – z = ?  
 7 
1
 sin  
 6  sin  9x  
  
  2 

Question. Properties of Inverse

Draw graph of y = sin (tan–1x). Property - 1
f(x) = sin (sin–1x)

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f(x) = cos (cos–1x) f(x) = tan (tan–1x)

f(x) = cot (cot–1x) f(x) = cosec (cosec–1x)

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f(x) = sec (sec–1x) (II) f(x) = tan–1 (tan x)

Question. Question.

 13   19 
tan 1  tan  tan 1  tan 
 3   4 

 25   27  
tan 1  tan  tan 1  tan 
 4   4 

 17 
tan 1  tan 
 3 

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Find the value of the following : Question.
Question. tan–1 (tan 4)
tan–1 (tan 1) tan–1 (tan 5)
tan–1 (tan 2) tan–1 (tan 6)
tan–1 (tan 3)

Question. F(x) = cot–1 (cot x)

tan–1 (tan 7)
tan–1 (tan 8)

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Question. Question.

 11   13 
cot–1 cot   cot 1 cot  
 3   7 

 17    25 
cot–1 cot   cot 1 cot  
 3   4 

Question. Find the value of the following :

Question.
 19 
cot 1 cot   cot–1 cot (1)
 4 
cot–1 cot (2)
 37   cot–1 cot (3)
cot 1 cot  
 4 

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Question. Question.
cot–1 cot (4) cot–1 cot (7)
cot–1 cot (5) cot–1 cot (8)
cot–1 cot (6)

f(x) = cos–1 (cosx) Question.

Find the value of the following :
 11 
cos 1  cos 
 3 

 25 
cos 1  cos 
 4 

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Question. Find the value of the following :

 7 
cos 1  cos 
 3 

 37 
cos 1  cos 
 4 

 13 
cos 1  cos 
 4 

Question. Question.
cos–1 (cos 1) cos–1 (cos 4)
cos–1 (cos 2) cos–1 (cos 5)
cos–1 (cos 3) cos–1 (cos 6)

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Question. f(x) = sin–1 (sin x)
cos–1 (cos 7)
cos–1 (cos 8)

Question. Question.

 13   19 
sin 1  sin  sin 1  sin 
 3   4 

 25   37 
sin 1  sin  sin 1  sin 
 4   4 

 17 
sin 1  sin 
 3 

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Question. Question.
sin–1 (sin 1) sin–1 (sin 4)
sin–1 (sin 2) sin–1 (sin 5)
sin–1 (sin 3) sin–1 (sin 6)

Question. f(x) = sec–1 (sec x)

sin–1 (sin 7)
sin–1 (sin 8)

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f(x) = cosec–1 (cosec x) INEQUALITIES

Question. Question.
log2 tan–1 x > 1 (cot–1 x)2 – 5cot–1 x + 6 > 0

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Question. Property - 2
1 1 1
Domain of f(x) = (I) cosec–1 x = sin–1 & sin–1 x = cosec–1
n cot 1 x x x

1 1 1 1
(II) sec–1 x = cos–1 & cos–1 x = sec–1 (III) cot–1 x = tan–1 ; x > 0 =  + tan–1 ; x < 0
x x x x

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Property - 3 (I) sin–1 (–x) = –sin–1 x

(II) cosec–1(–x) = –cosec–1(–x) (III) cos–1 (–x) =  – cos–1 x

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(IV) sec–1 (–x) =  – sec–1 x (V) tan–1(–x) = –tan–1(–x)

(VI) cot–1 (–x) =  – cot–1 x Property - 4


(I) sin–1 x + cos–1 x =
2

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 
(II) sec–1x + cosec–1x = (III) tan–1x + cot–1x =
2 2

Question. Question.
1 
tan–1   + tan–1 (2) + tan–1
2
 3 = ? sin–1 x + cos–1 (x2 – 2x + 2) =
2

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Question. Question.
 52
If sin–1 a + cos–1 b = & sec–1 a + cosec–1 –1 2 –1
(tan x) + (cot x) = 2
2 8

b= , find a + b
2
(a) 2 (b) –2
(c) 0 (d) None

Question. Question.
7 3
5tan–1x + 3 cot–1x = 4sin–1 x + cos–1 x =
4 4

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Question. Question.
Maximum & Minimum values of
n 
cot–1    . Find maximum value of (sin–1 x)3 + (cos–1 x)3
 6
nN

Question. Question.
Find the range of f(x) = sin–1 x + cos–1 x + f(x) = sec–1 x + cosec–1 x + cot–1 x.
tan–1 x.

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Question. Question.
f(x) = sin–1 x + tan–1 x + sec–1 x. Number of solutions of the equation :

tan 1 x 2  x  sin 1 x 2  x  1 
2

Question. Question.
 and  are the roots of the equation f(x) = tan(cot–1 x) and g(x) = cot(tan–1 x) are
x2 + 7x – 8 = 0. identical. True or False ?
Find the value of
1 1
tan 1   tan 1   tan 1    tan 1  
 

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Question. Property - 5
Solve for x :  1 x  y 
1 1
 tan 1  xy , x  0, y  0 and xy  1  0 tan x  tan y  2
2 
x 1 2x 2 1 1
tan x  tan y  
cot 1  tan 1 2  .    tan 1 x  y , x  0, y  0 and xy  1    tan 1 x  tan 1 y  
 1  xy 2
2x x 1 3

Q. tan–1 + tan–1 2 + tan–1 3 = ?

xy
Q. x > 0 & y > 0 tan–1 x – tan–1 y = tan–1
1  xy

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Q. Show that :
–1
1 –1
1
Q. tan 1+ tan + tan–1 = ?
2 3 tan 1 1  tan 1 2  tan 1 3
2
cot 1  cot 1 2  cot 1 3

Q. I f tan–1 4 + tan–1 5 = cot–1 () then find 

7
Q.  = tan–1 5 – tan–1 3 + tan–1 and
9
2 24 1
 = tan–1 + cot–1 + tan–1 , then
11 7 3
(A)  =  (B)  > 
(C)  <  (D)  + 

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 1   3   11 
Q. Find x satisfying sin–1 
 5
 + cos–1 (x) =

Q. sin–1 
 73
 +cos–1 
  146
 + cot–1

 3
equals :

(A)  (B) /2
4 (C) 5/12 (D) /3

7 3 3
Q. Which is greater cos–1 + cos–1 or Q. Find A : 2 cos–1 = tan–1 A
25 5 13
cot–1 (–1) ?

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Property 6 (a)
1 7
Q. Find B cos 1  tan 1 B sin x + sin–1 y =
–1

2 25

sin 1 x 1  y 2  y 1  x 2
  if x  0; y  0 and x 2  y 2  1


  sin 1 x 1  y 2  y 1  x 2
  if x  0; y  0 and x 2  y 2  1

Property 6 (b)
3 12
Q. Find whether sin–1  sin 1 is acute/
5 13 sin–1 x – sin–1 y = sin–1
obtuse.
x 1 y 2

 y 1  x2 , x > 0 ; y > 0
cos–1 x ± cos–1 y = cos–1

 xy  
1  x 2 1  y 2 , x > 0; y > 0, x < y..

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Q. If cos–1 x + cos–1y + cos–1z =  then prove
that x2 + y2 + z2 + 2xyz = 1 2 6 1 
Q. Show that cos–1  cos 1 
3 2 3 6

Property 7 Q. x(x – 2) (3x – 7) = 2

tan–1 x + tan–1 x + tan–1z = tan– Show that its roots r, s, t are real and
positive. Compute the value of tan–1 r +
 x  y  z  xyz 
1   tan–1 s + tan–1 t
1   xy  yz  zx  
if xy + yz + zx < 1 ; x, y, z > 0
 x  y  z  xyz 
=  + tan–1 1  xy  yz  zx 
  
if xy + yz + zx > 1 ; x, y, z > 0

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Q. Point P(x, y) satisfying the equation sin–1x + Simplification of Inverse Functions by
 Elementary Subsititution
cos–1y + cos–1(2xy) = lies on : f(x) = sin–1
2
(A) the bisector of the first and third  2 tan 1 x 1  x  1
quadrant. 
2x 1
(B) the bisector of the second and fourth     2 tan x if x  1
quadrant. 1 x 2  1
(C) the rectangle formed by the lines x = ±    2 tan x x  1
1 and y = ± 1.
(D) a unit circle with centre at the origin. 1  x 2  2 tan 1 x x0
f(x)= cos–1  1
1  x 2  2 tan x x0
f(x) = tan–1

   2 tan 1 x x  1

2x   2 tan 1 x 1  x  1
1 x 2  1
 2 tan x   x 1

2x  x2 1  2x  2
1
Q. f(x) = sin–1 +2tan–1 x, find cos (f (10)) cos   tan 1  
1 x2 Q.  x 2  1   x2 1 3
.
 
Find x.

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Q. Prove that
Q.


3cos1 x  sin 1  1  x 2 4x 2  1 

 .
1 x2 1 1
1
Find x. tan  tan 1 x  x  R  0 .
x 2

Q. Prove that
1 1  x2
 2cos 1 x if x   0,1 Q. Find range of tan .
1  x2
 
cos 1 2x 2  1  
 2  2 cos 1 x if x   1, 0 
.
f (x) = sin–1 (3x – 4x3)

 1
 1
    3sin x  if 1  x  
2

1 1
  3sin 1 x if  x
 2 2
 1
   3sin 1 x if  x 1
 2

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f(x) = cos–1 (4x3 – 3x)
–1
3x  x 3
f(x) = tan =
 1 1 1  3x 2
3cos x  2 if 1  x  
2

1 1  1 1
  2  3cos 1 x if  x  3 tan x
1
if  x
 2 2 3 3
 
 3cos1 x 1  1 1
if  x 1    3 tan x if x
 2 3

 1 1
   3 tan x if x
 3

Q. Show that tan–1 x = 2tan–1 [cosec (tan–1x)– Equations involving inverse

tan(cot–1 x)] trigonometric functions

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4 Q. cos–1 x – sin–1 x = cos–1 x 3

–1 –1
Q. Find x. 2cot 2 – cos = cosec–1 x
5

Q. sin[2cos–1 {cot(2tan–1x)}]= 0

Q. sin–1 x + sin–1 2x =
3

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Q. 2 cot–1 2 + cos–1 (3/5) = cosec–1 x
x 1 x 1
Q. tan–1 + tan–1 = tan–1 (–7)
x 1 x

Inequalities Q. cos–1 x > cos–1 x2

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Maths IIT-JEE Best Approach MC SIR
Q. sin–1 x > cos–1x Q. sin–1 x > sin–1 (1 – x)

Q. arc tan2x – 3 arc tanx + 2 > 0 Q. [sin–1 x] > [cos–1 x]

Continuity Page 45
Maths IIT-JEE Best Approach MC SIR
Summation of series Idea of method of difference :
x y
tan–1 x – tan–1 y = tan–1
1  xy

Q. Q. Find Sn and S .
x x
tan 1 2
 tan 1  ...... tan 1
2
 tan 1
4

1  1  2  x 1   2  3 x 2 2
2 1 14
2  22  24
x 6
 tan 1 tan 1  ....
1  n  n  1 x 2 2  32  34

Continuity Page 46
Maths IIT-JEE Best Approach MC SIR
 
1  4n   1 
Q. S  tan  4  Q. S   tan 1  
2
n 1  n  2n  2  i1  2i 2 

Q. 
 1  1
cosec 1
5  cosec 1
65  cosec 1
325  ...... Q. S  cos1  n  1   cos 1  n 
n 1

Continuity Page 47