 Question types in the reading section

1. Main Idea
2. Supporting details
3. Exceptions
4. Location of information
5. Vocabulary
6. Interference
7. Reference
8. Paraphrased
sentences(computer test only)
9. Sentences insertion

 READING PURPOSES
1. Reading to find information
2. Basic comprehension
3. Reading to learn
 The TOEFL test includes three basic
categories of academic texts

1. Exposition of a subject
2. Argumentation
3. Historical or biographical
narrative
 TIPS AND TRICK
1. Lakukan skimming.Perhatikan
bagaimana teks dipecah menjadi
beberapa bagian,apa topik utama di
setiap bagian,dan urutan topik yang
dibahas.Carilah kata kata kunci dan ide
ide yang difokuskan.
2. Jump back.Tinjau teks setelah anda
membaca.Lihat ringkasan,judul,dan
informasi yang difokuskan.Proses ini
akan membantu anda mengingat
informasi dan membuat hubungan antar
ide.
3. Highlights informasi penting.Garis
bawahi atau tandai istilah kunci
,gagasan utama,dan konsep baru saat
anda membaca.(jika anda bukan pemilik
buku tersebut,gunakan buku catatan
untuk mencatat informasi)
 QUESTION 1-10(WARMING UP QUESTION)
1) The sun today is a yellow dwarf star.it is
fueled by thermonuclear reactions near its
center that convert hydrogen to helium.the sun
has existed in its present state for about 4
billion,600 million years and is thousands of
times larger than the earth.by studying other
stars,astronomers can predict what the rest of
the sun’s life will be like.about 5 billion years
from now,the core of the sun will shrink and
become hotter.the surface temperature will
fall.the higher temperature of the center will
increase the rate of thermonuclear
reactions.the outer regions of the sun will
expand approximately 35 million miles,about
15) the distance to mercury,which is the closest
planet to the sun,the sun will then be a red
giant star.temperatures on the earth will
become too hot for life to exist.
 Once the sun has used up its thermonuclear
20) energy as a red giant,it will begin to
shrink.after it shrink to the size of the earth,it
will become a white dwarf star.the sun may
throw off huge amounts of gases in violent
eruptions called nova explosion as it changes
from a red giant to white dwarf

After billion of years as a white dwarf ,the sun

will have used up all its fuel and will have lost
its heat .such a star is called a black dwarf.after
the sun has become a black dwarf ,the earth
30) will be dark and cold.if any athmosphere
remains there,it will have frozen onto the
earth’s surface
1. What is the primary purpose of this passage?
A.To alert people to the dangers posed by the sun
B. To discuss conditions on earth in the far future
C. To present a theory about red giant stars
D.To describe changes that the sun will go through
2.The word “fueled” in line 2 is closest meaning to ...?
A.Powered
B. Bombarded
C. Created
D.Propelled
3.It can be inferred from the passage that the sun.....
A.Is approximately halfway through its life as a yellow
dwarf
B. Has been in existence for 10 biliion years
C. Is rapidly changing in size and brightness
D.Will continue as a yellow dwarf for another 10 billion
years
4.The word “state” in line 3 is closest in meaning to......
A.Shape
B. Condition
C. Location
D.Size
5.What will probably be the first stage of change as the
sun becomes a red giant?
A.Its core will cool off and use less fuel
B. Its surface will become hotter and shrink
C. It will throw off huge amounts of gases
D.Its center will grow smaller and hotter

6.When the sun becomes a red giant,what will

conditions be like on earth?
A.Its atmosphere will freeze and become solid
B. It will be enveloped in the expanding surface of th
sun
C. It will become too hot for life to exist
D.It will be nearly destroyed by nova explosions

7.As a white dwarf,the sun will be....

A.The same size as the planet mercury
B. Thousands of times smaller than it is today
C. Around 35 million miles in diameter
D.Cold and dark
8.According to the passage,which of the following best
describes the sequence of stages that the sun will
probably pass through?
A.Yellow dwarf,white dwarf,red giant,black giant
B. Red giant,white dwarf,red dwarf,nova explosion
C. Yellow dwarf,red giant,white dwarf,black dwarf
D.White dwarf,red giant,black dwarf,yellow dwarf

9.The phrases “throw off”in line 23 is closest in meaning

to......
A.Eject
B. Burn up
C. Convert
D.Let in

10.The word”there” in line 31 refers to......

A.Our own planet
B. The outer surface of the sun
C. The core of a black dwarf
D.The planet mercury
 QUESTION 1-11

1)The time when humans crossed the arctic land bridge

from siberia to alaska seems remote to us today,but
actually represents a late stage in the prehistoric of
humans,an era when polished stone implements and
bows and arrows were already being used and dogs
had already been domesticated.
7)When these early migrants arrived in north
america,they found the woods and plains dominated
by three types of american mammoths.these
elephants were distinguished from today’s elephants
mainly by their thick,shaggy coats and their
huge,upward-curving tusks.they had arrived on the
continent hundreds of thousand of years before their
human followers.the wooly
15) Mammoth in the north,the columbian mammoth in
middle north america,and the imperial mamoth of the
south,together with their distant cousins the
mastodons,dominated the land.Here,as in the old
world,there is evidence that humans hunted these
 elephants,as shown by the numerous spear points
found with mammoth remains.
22) Then,at the end of the ice age,when the last glaciers
had retreated,there was a relatively sudden and
widespread extinction of elephants.in the old
world,only indian and african elephants survived.
Why did the huge,seemingly successfull mammoths
dissapear?were humans connected with their
extinction?perhaps,but at that time,although they
were cunning
30) Hunters,humans were still widely scattered and not
very numerous.it is diffcult to see how they could have
prevailed over the mammoth to such an externt

1. With which of the following is the passage primarily

concerned?
A.Migration from siberia to alaska
B.Techniques used to hunt mammoths
C.The prehistory of humans
D.The relationship between man and mammoth in the
new world
2.Where were the imperial mammoths the dominant
type of mammoth?
A.In alaska
B. In the central portion of north america
C. In the southern part of north america
D.In south America

3.The phrases ”these early migrants” in line 7 refers to

A.Mammoths
B. Humans
C. Dogs
D.Mastodons
4.The word ”implements” in line 4 is closest in meaning
to
A.Tools
B. Ornaments
C. Houses
D.Carvings
5. Which of the following could best substitute for the
word “remains” in line 21?
A. Bones
B. Drawings
C. Footprints
D. Spear points
6.It can be inferred that when humans crossed into the
new world,they
A.Had previously hunted mammoths in siberia
B. Had never seen mammoths before
C. Brought mammoths with them from the old world
D.Soon learned to use dogs to hunt mammoths
7.The word “seemingly” in line 26 is closest in meaning
to
A.Tremendously
B. Apparently
C. Formerly
D.Obviously

8.The passage supports which of the following

conclusions about mammoths?
A.Humans hunted them to extinction
B. The freezing temperatures of the ice age destroyed
their food supply
C. The cause of their extinction is not definitely known
D.Competitions with mastodons caused them to
become extinct
9.The word “cunning”in line 29 is closest in meaning to
A.Clever
B. Determined
C. Efficient
D.Cautious

10.Which of the following is NOT true about prehistoric

humans at the time of the mammoths’ extinction?
A.They were relatively few in number
B. They knew how to use bows and arrows
C. They were concentrated in a small area
D.They were skilled hunters
11.Which of the following types of elephants does the
author discuss in the most detail in the passage?
A.The mastodon
B. The mammoth
C. The indian elephant
D.The african elephant
 QUESTION 12-21

1) Rachel carson was born in 1907 in

springdale,pennsylvania.She studied biology at
college,and zoology at johns hopkins university,where
she received her master’s degree in 1933.In 1936,she
was hired by the US fish and wildlife services,where
she worked most of her life.
Carson’s first book,under the sea wind,was published
in 1941.It received excellent
Reviews,but sales were poor until it was reissued in
10) 1952.in that year she published The Sea Around
Us,which provided a fascinating look beneath the
ocean’s surface ,emphasizing human history as well as
geology and marine biology.Her imagery and language
had a poetic quality.carson consulted no fewer than
1,000 painted source.she had voluminous
correspondence and frequent discussions with experts
in the
Field.however,she always realized the limitations of
her non technical reader.
20) In 1962 carson published silent spring,a book that
sparked considerable controversy.it proved how much
harm was done by the uncontrolled,reckless use of
 insecticides.she detailed how they poison the food
supply of animals,kill birds and fis,and contaminate
human food.at the time,spokesmen for the chemical
industry mounted personal attacks
against carson and issued propaganda to indicate that
her findings were flawed,however,her work was
vindicated by a 1963 report of the president’s science
30) advisory committee.

12.the passage mainly discusses rachel carson’s work

A.as a researcher
B. at college
C. at the US fish and wildlife service
D.as a writer
13.according to the passage,what did carson primarily
study at johns hopkins university?
A.Oceanography
B. History
C. Literature
D.Zoology
14.when she published her first book,carson wa closest
to the age of
A.26
B. 29
C. 34
D.45

15.it can be inferred from the passage that in

1952,carson’s book under the sea wind
A.Was outdated
B. Became more popular than her other books
C. Was praised by critics
D.Sold many copies

16.which of the following was NOT mentioned in the

passage as a source of information for the sea around
us?
A.Printed matter
B. Talks with experts
C. A research expedition
D.Letters from scientists
17.which of the following words or phrases is LEAST
accurate in describing The Sea Around Us?
A.Highly technical
B. Poetic
C. Fascinating
D.Well-researched
18.the word “reckless” in line 22 is closest in meaning to
A.Unnecessary
B. Limited
C. Continuous
D.Irresponsible
19.according to the passage,silent spring is primarily
A.An attack on the ue of chemical preservatives in food
B. A discussion of the hazards insects pose to the food
supply
C. A warning about the dangers of misusing insectisides
D.An illustration of the benefits of the chemical industry
20.the word “flawed” in line 28 is closest in meaning to
A.Faulty
B. Deceptive
C. Logical
D.Offensive
 QUESTION 21-30

1) What is meant by the term economic resources?in

general,these are all the natural,man made,and human
resources that go into the production of goods and
services.this obviously covers a lot of ground: factories
5)and farms,tools and machines,transportation and
communication facilities,all types of natural resources
and labor.economic resources can be broken down
into two general categories:property resources land
and capitaland human resources labor and
10) entrepeneurial skills.
What do economists mean by land?much more than
the non-economist.land refers to all natural resources
that are usable in the production process:arable
land,forests,mineral and oil deposits,and so on.
15) What about capital?capital goods are all the man
made aids to producing,storing,transporting,and
distributing goods and services.capital goods differ
from consumer goods in that the latter satisfy wants
directly,while the former do so indirectly by facilitating
20) The production of consumer goods.it should be
noted that capital as defined here does not refer to
money.money,as such,produces nothing.
The term labor refers to the physical and mental
talents of humans used to produce goods or services
25) (with the exception of a certain set of human
talents,entrepreneurial skills,which will be considered
separately because of their special siginificance).thus
the services of a factory worker or an office worker,a
ballet dancer or an astronaut all fall under the general
30) Heading of labor.
21.why does the author of the passage mention the
report of the president’s science advisory committee
(lines 27-30)?
A.To provide an example of government propaganda
B. To support carson’s ideas
C. To indicate a growing government concern with the
environment
D.To validate the chemical industry’s claims
22.what is the author’s main purposes in writing this
passage?
A.To explain the concept of labor
B. To criticize certain uses of capital
C. To contrast capital goods and consumer goods
D.To define economic resources
23.in line 4,the author uses the expression “this
obviously covers a lot of ground...” to indicate that
A.The factories and farm discussed in the passage are
very large
B. Economic resources will be discussed in great depth
C. The topic of economic resources is a broad one
D.Land is an important concept in economics
24.when non economics use the term “land”.its
definition
A.Is much more general than when economicists use it
B. Is much more restrictive than when economicists use
it
C. Changes from place to place
D.Includes all types of natural resources
25.the word “arable” in line 13 is closest in meaning to
A.Dry
B. Fertile
C. Developed
D.Open
26.the phrases “the latter” in line 18 refers to
A.Economicists
B. Non economicists
C. Capital goods
D.Consumer goods
27.which of the following could be considered a capital
goos as defined in the passage?
A.A railroad
B. Money
C. A coal deposit
D.Human skills
28.the word “heading” in line 29-30 is closest in
meaning to
A.Direction
B. Practice
C. Category
D.Utility
29.the skills of all the following could be considered
examples of labor,as defined in the passage,EXCEPT
A.Artists and scientists
B. Workers who produce services,not goods
C. Office workers
D.Entrepreneurs
STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION SECTION

1. Sharp knive are actually safer to use___

A.As a dull ones
B. As ones that are dull
C. Than dull ones
D.That are dull ones
2. Daniel websters,thaddeus stevens,and many others
___ prominent in public life began their careers by
teaching school
A.They became
B. Once they became
C. Became
D.Who became
3. As coal mined became deeper,the problmes of
draining water,bringing in fresh air,and ___ to the
surface increased.
A.Transporting ore
B. To transport ore
C. How ore is transported
D.Ore is transporting
4. ___because of the complexity of his writing,henry
james never became a popular writer,but his works
are admired by critics and other writers.
A.It may be
B. Perhaps
C. Besides
D.Why is it
5. Piedmont glaciers are formed___several valley
glaciers join and spread out over a plain
A.By
B. When
C. From
D.That
6. As late as 1890,key west with a population of
18,000___florida’s largest city
A.That was
B. To be
C. Was
D.It was
7. A mastery of calculus depends on ___ of algebra
A.An understanding
B. Is understood
C. To understand
D.Understand
8. ___he was not a musicisan himself,lawrence
hammond developed an electronic keyboard
instrument called the hammond organ
A.Although
B. That
C. Despite
D.For
9. Agnes de mille’s landmark musical play oklahoma!
was___of story,music,and dance.
A.Successfully combined
B. A successful combination
C. To combine succesfully
D.Successful combining
10. ___single dialect of american english has ever
become dominant.
A.No
B. Not only a
C. Not
D.Nor a
11. In 1837 the university of michigan became the
first state university___by a board of regents
elected by the voters of the state.
A.Under the control
B. It was controlled
C. Being controlled
D.To be controlled
12. Indoor heating systems have made ___ for
people to live and work comfortably in temperature
climates.
A.It is possible
B. Possible
C. It possible
D.Possibly
13. Certain fish eggs contain droplets of oil,___ to
float on the surface of the water.
A.Allowing them
B. Allows them
C. They are allowed
D.This allows them
14. Considered america’s first great architect____
A.Many of the buildings at harvard university were
designed by henry hobson richardson
B. Henry hobson richardson designed many of the
buildings at harvard university
C. Harvard university has many buildings that were
designed by henry hobson richardson
D.It was henry hobson richardson who designed
many of the buildings at harvard university
15. ___is caused by a virus was not known until
1911
A.That measles
B. As measles
C. Measles
D.What if measles
 WRITTEN EXPRESSION

DIRECTIONS : The item in this part have four underlined

words or phrases, (A),(B),(C),and (D).
You must identify the one underlined expressions that
must be changed for the sentence to be correct.then find
the number of the question on your answer sheet and fill
in the space corresponding to the letter.
Example I
Lenses may to have either concave or convex shapes.
A=to have
B=concave
C=or
D=shapes
This sentences should read “lenses may have either
concave or convex shapes”.You should therefore select
answer (A).
16. Dreams are commonly made up of either visual
and verbal images.
A.Commonly
B. Made up of
C. Either
D.Verbal
17. The yale daily news is oldest than any other
college newspaper still in operation in the United
States
A.Oldest
B. Other
C. Still
D.Operation
18. Mary rinehart was a pioneer in the field of
journalist in the early twentieth century.
A.A pioneer
B. In the field
C. Journalist
D.In the early
19. The dave brubek quartet,one of the most
popular jazz bands of the 1950’s,had a particularly
loyal following on campuses college.
A.The most popular
B. Particularly
C. Following
D.Campuses college
20. In the architecture,a capital is the top portion
of a column
A.In the
B. A capital
C. The top
D.Column
21. Today,successful farmers are experts not only
in agriculture,but also in market,finance,and
accounting.
A.Agriculture
B. But also
C. Market
D.Accounting
22. In the early days of jet development,jet
engines used great numbers of fuel
A.Early
B. Used
C. Numbers
D.Fuel
23. Georgia has too many types of soil that
virtually any temperate-zone crop can be grown
there
A.Too
B. Soil
C. Virtually
D.There
24. The sum of all chemical reactions in an
organism’s living cells are called its metabolism.
A.All
B. An organism’s
C. Are
D.Its
25. River transportation in the united states
consists primarily of barges pull by towboats.
A.Transportation
B. Consists
C. Primarily
D.Pull
26. Most modern barns are both
insulated,ventilated,and equipped with electricity.
A.Most modern
B. Both insulated
C. Equipped with
D.Electricity
27. Many bridges in new england were covered
with wooden roofs to protect it from rain and snow.
A.Many
B. Were covered
C. It
D.From rain and snow
28. It is their nearly perfect crystal structure that
gives diamonds their hardness,brilliance,and
transparent.
A.Nearly perfect
B. That gives
C. Hardness
D.Transparent
29. Needles are simple-looking tools,but they are
very relatively difficult to make.
A.Simple-looking
B. But
C. Very relatively
D.To make
30. Ducks are less susceptible to infection than
another types of poultry.
A.Less
B. To infection
C. Than
D.Another
31. Unlike competitive running,in contact with the
ground race walkers must always keep some
portion of their feet in contact with the ground.
A.Unlike
B. Running
C. Their
D.In contact with
32. One of the most beautiful botanical gardens in
the united states is the wildly and lovely magnolia
gardens near charlestown,south carolina.
A.Most beautiful
B. Gardens
C. Wildly
D.Near
33. Composer john cage used many unusual
objects as instrument in his music,including
cowbells,flower pots,tin cans,and saw blades.
A.Unusual
B. Instrument
C. Including
D.Tin cans
34. Woody guthrie wrote thousands of songs
during the lifetime,many of which became classic
folk song.
A.Thousands
B. The lifetime
C. Which
D.Folk songs
35. Runner wilma rudolph win three gold medals
at the 1960 olympics,and she set the world record
for the 100 meter dash in 1961.
A.Win
B. At the 1960
C. She set
D.World record
36. Some critics have called theodore dreiser’s
book sister carrie a first modern novel because it
broke so many traditions.
A.Have called
B. A first
C. Because
D.So many
37. Abigail adam’s letters to her husband present a
graphic picture of the age which she lived.
A.Letters
B. Her
C. A graphic
D.Age which
38. Viscosity is a measurement describing the
relative difficulty or easy with which liquids flow.
A.Describing
B. Relative
C. Easy
D.With which
39. More than 10,000 years ago,glaciers moved
across the minnesota region four time,levelling
most of the land.
A.More than
B. Moved
C. Time
D.Most of
40. The discover of gold and silver in the rugged
mountains nevada in 1858 attracted many fortune-
seekers to that area.
A.Discover
B. Mountains
C. Attracted
D.To that area