DC Motor Speed Control by Android

Abstract:-
Interfacing DC motor to the microcontroller is a very important concept
in many industrial and robotic applications. By interfacing DC motor to
the microcontroller, we can control the direction of the motor, control the
speed of the motor. This article describes you, Speed Control of DC
Motor using Arduino nano with the help of Bluetooth Android controller.

Introduction to Embedded System:-

An embedded system combines mechanical, electrical, and
chemical components along with a computer, hidden inside, to perform a
single dedicated purpose. There are more computers on this planet than
there are people, and most of these computers are single-chip
microcontrollers that are the brains of an embedded system. Embedded
systems are a ubiquitous component of our everyday lives. We interact
with hundreds of tiny computers every day that are embedded into our
houses, our cars, our bridges, our toys, and our work. As our world has
become more complex, so have the capabilities of the microcontrollers
embedded into our devices.
Therefore the world needs a trained workforce to develop and
manage products based on embedded microcontrollers.

Block Diagram:-

Hardware Requirements:-
S Name of Resource Qty. Remark
No
1 ATmega328pMicrocontroller 1
2 HC-05 Bluetooth module 1
3 12Vadaptor 1
4 L298 Motor Driver 1
5 0PCB 6x4 normal 2
6 12 V DC jack female 1
7 Header pin 40 point male 1
straight
8 header pin 40 point female 1
straight
9 5V DC Motor 1

Controller Working:-
This system DC motor Controller by Android is developed to control the
speed of the DC motor in clockwise direction. For this DC motor is interfaced
to the Arduino nano. A Bluetooth modem is used to receive PWM commands.
When an Android device sends commands, it is received by the Bluetooth
modem which then sends the commands to the microcontroller. The
microcontroller the controls the DC motor through motor driver. The entire
system is powered by 12V DC adapter. The android application is used to
control the entire system. Thus the speed of the motor can be increased or
decreased in clockwise direction with the help of this android application.

Components Specifications:-

1)ATmega328p Microcontroller: -
The ATmega328  is a single-chip microcontroller created by Atmel in
the megaAVR family (later Microchip Technology acquired Atmel in 2016). It
has a modified Harvard architecture 8-bit RISC processor core.
The Atmel 8-bit AVR RISC-based microcontroller combines
32 KB ISP flash memory with read-while-write capabilities, 1 KB EEPROM,
2 KB SRAM, 23 general-purpose I/O lines, 32 general-purpose
working registers, 3 flexible timer/counters with compare modes, internal and
external interrupts, serial programmable USART, a byte-oriented 2-wire serial
interface, SPI serial port, 6-channel 10-bit A/D converter (8 channels
in TQFP and QFN/MLF packages), programmable watchdog timer with
internal oscillator, and 5 software-selectable power-saving modes. The device
operates between 1.8 and 5.5 volts. The device achieves throughput
approaching 1 MIPS/MHz
ATmega-328 has 32KB internal flash memory. ATmega328 has 1KB
Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM). This
property shows if the electric supply supplied to the micro-controller is
removed, even then it can store the data and can provide results after providing
it with the electric supply.

2)HC-05 Bluetooth Module: -

HC-05 Bluetooth module is a Bluetooth to serial converter that connects

microcontrollers (like Arduino) to other Bluetooth enabled devices. HC-05
pinout and specifications are given below.
Specifications
Bluetooth protocol: Bluetooth Specification v2.0+EDR (Enhanced Data Rate)
Frequency: 2.4GHz ISM band
Modulation: GFSK (Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying)
Emission power: ≤4dBm, Class 2
Sensitivity: ≤-84dBm at 0.1% BER
Speed: Asynchronous communication: 2.1Mbps (Max) / 160 kbps, Synchronous
communication: 1Mbps/1Mbps
Security: Authentication and encryption
Profiles: Bluetooth serial port
Supply Voltage: +3.3V to 6.0 V
Supply Current: 30mA
Working temperature: -20 ~ +75Centigrade
Dimension: 26.9mm x 13mm x 2.2 mm
HC-05 Bluetooth module follows the IEEE 802.15.1 standardized protocol,
through which one can build a wireless Personal Area Network (PAN). It uses
frequency-hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) radio technology to send data over
the air.
Working of HC-05 Bluetooth Module:
The HC-05 Bluetooth Module can be used in two modes of operation:
Command Mode and Data Mode.
Command Mode:
In Command Mode, we can communicate with the Bluetooth module through
AT Commands to configure various settings and parameters of the Module.
This includes the firmware information, changing Baud Rate, changing module
name, etc. We can also use it to set HC-05 as a master or slave. To select either
of the modes, we need to activate the Command Mode and sent the correct AT
Commands. Baud rate is 38400bps in command mode.
Data Mode:
In this mode, the module is used for communicating with other Bluetooth
devices i.e. data transfer happens in this mode. Exchange of data between
devices. Baud rate is 9600bps in data mode.

DC Motor and Motor driver:-

Op to-Isolated DC Motor Controller Board is used to suitable for
controlling DC Motors from 6 to 24Vdc and with up to 5A load. This board
features opto-isolated motor drivers for improved isolation and reliability. High
quality MOSFET's are used as the drive transistors providing fast switching and
minimal power loss.
 Our DC Motor Controller Board also includes speed and direction control
directly on the board or via a standard TTL interfaces to an external controller
such as a microcontroller or control board. The board also included LED status
control, casy to connect terminal interfaces for power connections and DC
Motor connections. High quality heat sinking for the output MOSFET
transistors. Excellent isolation with
high performance opto-isolators. This board is ideal for cases where speed
control of loads is essential, such as robots. servos and other DC Motor
Application.

This is the DC motor, which can be used in any DIY project or in the small toys. With an
operating voltage range of 3V-6V this motors can be operated using  two AA batteries or
with a 5V USB power supply.

Features:
1)Operating Voltage Range: 3 to 6VDC
2)Maximum RPM: 10000
2)Shaft Diameter: 1.65mm
4(Weight: 15 gm per motor

Software Requirement:-
Arduino IDE
Arduino is a both an open source software library and an open-source breakout board for the
popular AVR micro-controllers. The Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment) is
the program used to write code, and comes in the form of a downloadable file on the Arduino
website. The Arduino board is the physical board that stores and performs the code uploaded
to it. Both the software package and the board are referred to as "Arduino."

What is Arduino?
Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and
software. Arduino boards are able to read inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on a button, or a
Twitter message - and turn it into an output - activating a motor, turning on an LED,
publishing something online. You can tell your board what to do by sending a set of
instructions to the microcontroller on the board. To do so you use the Arduino programming
language (based on Wiring), and the Arduino Software (IDE), based on Processing.
Over the years Arduino has been the brain of thousands of projects, from everyday objects to
complex scientific instruments. A worldwide community of makers - students, hobbyists,
artists, programmers, and professionals - has gathered around this open-source platform, their
contributions have added up to an incredible amount of accessible knowledge that can be of
great help to novices and experts alike.
Arduino was born at the Ivrea Interaction Design Institute as an easy tool for fast prototyping,
aimed at students without a background in electronics and programming. As soon as it
reached a wider community, the Arduino board started changing to adapt to new needs and
challenges, differentiating its offer from simple 8-bit boards to products for IoT applications,
wearable, 3D printing, and embedded environments. All Arduino boards are completely
open-source, empowering users to build them independently and eventually adapt them to
their particular needs. The software, too, is open-source, and it is growing through the
contributions of users worldwide.

Circuit Diagram:-

Codi
ng:-
int in1=2;
int in2=3;
#define enA 6

void setup()
 {
pinMode(in1,OUTPUT);
pinMode(in2,OUTPUT);
pinMode(enA,OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop()
{
if(Serial.available()>0)
{
byte pwm = Serial.read();
digitalWrite(in1,HIGH);
digitalWrite(in2,LOW);
analogWrite(enA,pwm);
delay(50);
}

10.0) Application
Following are the applications of the DC motor speed control by Android.
1. This project can be used in industries and security, application.
2. This project is easy to use .