READ THE FOLLOWING TEXTS, AND PREPARE A CONCEPT MAP COMBINING THE MAIN IDEAS OF BOTH TEXTS.

INCLUDE THE
BACKGROUND DETAILS OF THE TEXTS, OF THE TEXTS,AUTHOR;S POSITION ON THE ISSUE DISCUSSED, HOW IT IS REASONED AND
SUPPORTED, AND THE STRENGTH AND WEAKNESS OF THE TEXT’S SUPPORT AND REASONING USE YOUR OWN WORDS IN YOUR
MAP.

Text A A World of water Global demand for water is increasing as many countries
are experiencing large population growth. Even in countries
Water is essential to life and we depend on it, yet many
where the water supply is adequate, people are beginning
people take water for granted, As the population of the
to realize how precious it is. As a result, many countries are
world increases, and with it the demand for water, there is
developing ways to increase and conserve their supplies of
growing concern that our water supplies will not prove
fresh water.
adequate. In areas near the coast, an obvious solution to
this problem is to find ways of utilizing the abundant supply One such solution is desalination, the process by which salt
of water from the sea. water is converted into drinkable fresh water. This involves
the removal of salt compounds and other chemicals from
Water covers 7-% of the surface of the earth, but 98% of
the salt water (thermal method). The main disadvantage of
this is undrinkable salt water. However, for centuries man
this method has been cost. Consequently, a cheaper and
has experimented with different methods of converting salt
more flexible method has been developed, whereby salt
water into fresh water in a process called desalination,
water is used most efficiently in combination with the
whereby salt and contaminants are removed from the
thermal method.
water. The challenge nowadays, is to do this on a much
larger scale. Since 1958, China, one of the driest countries in the world,
has used these two methods to exploit its 32,000 kilometre
One place which as used desalination for many years is the
coastline and convert sea water into fresh water. To
United Arab Emirates. It installed the first desalination
maximize efficiency, the Chinese have successfully
plants in 1972, and nowadays, most of the drinking water in
combined a desalination plant with a power station in
the country is supplied by this process. New filtration
Zhejiang Province, using water from the Pacific Ocean to
systems have been developed to replace the traditional
produce fresh water to generate electricity.
methods, which used a heating process. New filtration
systems have been developed to replace the traditional In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), desalination has also
methods, which used a heating process. Another example is helped compensate for the lack of natural fresh water. The
Saudi Arabia, whose desalination plants produce almost first desalination plant was established in the UAE in 1960,
25% of the world’s largest plants in the world’s desalinated producing 56,250 litres of fresh water a day. As the demand
water. One of the largest plant in the world has been for fresh water will be required daily in the UAE, the
constructed there, producing 300 billion litres annually. majority of it being produced by desalination.

China, with its rapid industrial growth, has also experienced The water crisis is not a problem unique to dry countries. In
an increased demand for water as well as energy. To countries with relatively high rainfall, water shortages can
overcome the shortage of both, China built a combined still occur because of high rainfall, water shortages can still
power and desalination plant in Zheijiang Province in the occur because of leakages and the subsequent loss of
1970s. Since then, salt water has been taken from East billions of litres of water. In addition, the average daily
China Sea and converted into fresh water. Some of this consumption of water has risen to as much as 150 litres per
fresh water then sold to industry, some is used in the person in recent years, due to the increased use of modern
production of energy, and the remainder is sold as drinking technology in out homes. To overcome these problems, the
water. public are encouraged to limit their consumption, and the
water companies are being forced to repair pipes.
Unfortunately, desalination is an expensive process using
large amounts of energy, but research is currently being The demand for water will increase throughout this
carried out into the development of more efficient century, and consequently more countries will turn to
technology using a combination of different methods, To desalination as the solution to their decreasing water
supply water to 25% of the world’s population living within supplies, However, as water shortages become more
25 kilometres of the sea, more desalination plants are widespread due to global warming, this alone will not be
expected to be built in the future. The hope is that the enough to solve the problem. Governments will be obliged
technology currently being developed will lower costs and to ensure that water companies operate efficiently and the
help solve the problem of water shortage in many parts of public will learn that water is a precious resource to be
the world. used economically.

Text B Providing Water for the world