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Mis Chapter 06

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133 views9 pages

Mis Chapter 06

Uploaded by

Jahadul Islam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 6

Foundations of Business
Intelligence: Databases and
Information Management

VIDEO CASES
Case 1a: City of Dubuque Uses Cloud Computing and Sensors to Build a Smarter,
Sustainable City
Case 1b: IBM Smarter City: Portland, Oregon
Case 2: Data Warehousing at REI: Understanding the Customer
Case 3: Maruti Suzuki Business Intelligence and Enterprise Databases
Management Information Systems
Chapter 6: Foundations of Business Intelligence

Managing Data in a Traditional File Environment

• File organization concepts


– Database: Group of related files
– File: Group of records of same type
– Record: Group of related fields
– Field: Group of characters as word(s) or number
• Describes an entity (person, place, thing on which we
store information)
• Attribute: Each characteristic, or quality, describing
entity
– Example: Attributes DATE or GRADE belong to entity COURSE

6.5 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education Ltd.


Management Information Systems
Chapter 6: Foundations of Business Intelligence

Managing Data in a Traditional File Environment

• Problems with the traditional file environment


(files maintained separately by different
departments)
– Data redundancy:
• Presence of duplicate data in multiple files
– Data inconsistency:
• Same attribute has different values
– Program-data dependence:
• When changes in program requires changes to data
accessed by program
– Lack of flexibility
– Poor security
– Lack of data sharing and availability

6.7 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education Ltd.


Management Information Systems
Chapter 6: Foundations of Business Intelligence

Capabilities of Database Management Systems (DBMSs)

• Database
– Serves many applications by centralizing data and
controlling redundant data
• Database management system (DBMS)
– Interfaces between applications and physical data files
– Separates logical and physical views of data
– Solves problems of traditional file environment
• Controls redundancy
• Eliminates inconsistency
• Uncouples programs and data
• Enables organization to central manage data and data security

6.9 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education Ltd.


Management Information Systems
Chapter 6: Foundations of Business Intelligence

Capabilities of Database Management Systems (DBMSs)

• Relational DBMS
– Represent data as two-dimensional tables
– Each table contains data on entity and attributes

• Table: grid of columns and rows


– Rows (tuples): Records for different entities
– Fields (columns): Represents attribute for entity
– Key field: Field used to uniquely identify each record
– Primary key: Field in table used for key fields
– Foreign key: Primary key used in second table as look-up field to
identify records from original table
6.11 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education Ltd.
Management Information Systems
Chapter 6: Foundations of Business Intelligence

Capabilities of Database Management Systems (DBMSs)

• Capabilities of database management systems


– Data definition capability: Specifies structure of database
content, used to create tables and define characteristics of
fields
– Data dictionary: Automated or manual file storing definitions
of data elements and their characteristics
– Data manipulation language: Used to add, change, delete,
retrieve data from database
• Structured Query Language (SQL)
• Microsoft Access user tools for generating SQL
– Many DBMS have report generation capabilities for creating
polished reports (Crystal Reports)

6.16 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education Ltd.


Management Information Systems
Chapter 6: Foundations of Business Intelligence

Tools for Improving Business Performance and Decision Making

• Big data
• Massive sets of unstructured/semi-structured data
from Web traffic, social media, sensors, and so on
• Petabytes, exabytes of data
• Volumes too great for typical DBMS
• Can reveal more patterns and anomalies

6.25 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education Ltd.


Management Information Systems
Chapter 6: Foundations of Business Intelligence

Managing the Firm’s Data Resources

• Establishing an information policy


– Firm’s rules, procedures, roles for sharing, managing,
standardizing data
– Data administration
• Establishes policies and procedures to manage data
– Data governance
• Deals with policies and processes for managing availability,
usability, integrity, and security of data, especially regarding
government regulations
– Database administration
• Creating and maintaining database

6.40 Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education Ltd.

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