What kind of applications can be tested using

JMeter?
Ans: List of the technology/application type which JMeter supports:

1. Websites
2. Web services both – REST and SOAP
3. Databases(JDBC)
4. Shell scripts
5. FTP
6. LDAP
7. TCP
8. SMTP, POP3, IMAP etc.

What is the difference between Boundary Extractor

and Regular Expression Extractor?
Ans: Both the components are used for capturing the dynamic values. The major
difference is the method which they use to find out the dynamic values. Regular
expression extractor uses regular expression token whereas boundary extractor uses
the left and right boundaries.

What is the Timer in JMeter?

Ans: Timers adds a delay between the flow of the script. They are used for halting the
test execution of a thread for a certain predefined time. These timers are used for
simulating the real user think time. The different types of timers available in JMeter
are:

1. Constant Timer
2. Gaussian Random Timer
3. Uniform Random Timer
4. Constant Throughput Timer
5. Synchronizing Timer
6. Beanshell timer
7. Throughput Shaping Timer
8. JSR223 Timer
9. Poisson Random Timer

How to do master-slave configuration in JMeter?

Ans: Master-Slave configuration is a part of Distributed Testing in which more than
one machine is used to perform load testing of the server under test. It is very
important that all machines are on the same network and all have the same version
of JMeter. In distributed testing, one machine is made as the Master and the others
are kept as slaves by doing below configurations:

1. On master machine, edit the jmeter.properties file and add the IP addresses of
slave machines against the remote_host field in the file.
2. Save the file and open the JMeter again.
3. Now from the Run menu in JMeter, select Remote Start and choose the IP of
the machine to be invoked.
4. Choose the Run menu and select Remote Start all to start all the slave
machines for your testing.

How sessions and cookies are managed in JMeter

Ans: Sessions and cookies are managed in JMeter by using config elements such as
HTTP Cookie Manager which provides an option to save the cookie. There is also an
option to clear the cookies in every iteration and also allows to add user-defined
cookies.

HTTP Cache manager helps to cache the images and .css file. It can also be cleared
after each iteration as per the requirement in the load tests and also limits the
number of elements which can be stored in the cache.

How u achieve pacing in jmeter.

I have to 5000 requests per sec .

Throughput Shaping Timer

 Download
Long time JMeter users had to try their tests on and on, finding exact number of threads and
timer delays that produce desired number of requests per second (RPS) to server. This is "closed
workload" approach, and it has major drawbacks (see here why). And if you changed load
generator machine or server response time - you were doomed to do all this stuff again.
Here's the solution - Throughput Shaping Timer! Now you can just set schedule of RPS easily,
observing it on preview graph. This schedule can be as various as you want. It gives you the
happiness of the "open workload" approach.
Few Important Notes
1. JMeter threads of Thread Groups in scope of the Element will be stopped when RPS
schedule finishes.
2. provide enough working threads for your RPS, JMeter timers can only delay threads (and
limit RPS). You may pair this plugin with Concurrency Thread Group using Schedule
Feedback Function to dynamically maintain thread count required to achieve target RPS.
3. if you're using versions of JMeter lower than 3.3 and if you have RPS that lower at the
end of test, make threads to lower also. Оtherwise you'll have a spike in last second.
4. avoid using zero RPS value as start of test, this produce spike also
5. avoid zero RPS during the test, this may lead to nasty effects

How Many Threads I Need To Produce Desired

RPS?
Threads pool size can be calculated like RPS * <max response time> / 1000. The more
rate desired the more threads you will need. The more response time service have the more
threads you will need.
For example, if your service response time may be 2.5sec and target rps is 1230, you have to
have 1230 * 2500 / 1000 = 3075 threads.

It is better to have some threads overhead to handle unexpected response time spikes. But
beware of too much overhead, it will lead to "final spike"

What are the important metrics in Performance

Testing?
Ans: Some important performance test metrics are:
1. User Load
2. Transaction Response Time
3. Transactions per second
4. Throughput
5. Pacing
6. Think Time

What are the other methods to capture the dynamic

value in JMeter?
Ans: In JMeter 4.0, a new element called “Boundary Extractor”; has been introduced
where we need to provide left and right text (boundary) of dynamic value. It has the
same concept as LoadRunner.
List out the factors you must consider before
selecting performance tools?
Ans: The factors are:

 The tool must be technology supportive

 It must be in the budget of a customer
 Rapid deployment in a new environment
 Ease of operation
 Scalable in terms of licenses
 The efficiency of the tool
 Accuracy of the test result
 It must have test result analysis options
 Proper and quick vendor support
 The tool must support some related and additional protocols

What are the criteria for entering and exiting in the

performance testing execution phase?
Ans: Entry criteria are:

 Finalized NFRs
 Script completion
 Test environment must be ready
 Deployment of the latest functionally tested code
 Test Data readiness
Exit criteria are:

 NFRs must be met

 No performance bottleneck
 No open defect
 Final performance test report submission

Difeerence between concurrent users and simulatenous users

What is profiling?
Ans: Profiling is a process of pinpointing a performance bottleneck at minute levels.
Performance Engineer or Developer performs software profiling task to make the
application responsive. If you need to do application profiling then you might need
to use tools for performance profiling of application servers. When profiling an
application server, you identify issues at the level of code such as memory intensive
API’s. In Database profiling, you can identify a number of things such as a full table
scan query, high-cost queries and the number of executed SQL. These are some
typical tasks come under profiling.

Q. 29 Do you know any profiling tool?

Ans: Some of the profiling tools are:

1. Dynatrace
2. AppDynamics
3. New Relic

Do you know any agentless server monitoring tool?

 How to identify memory leak in the system?
Ans: You need to run the soak or endurance test to identify the memory leakage.
When you run a test for a longer duration and observe that the server memory is
going to increase gradually and remain unchanged even after the test completion
then there may be the memory leakage.

To confirm the suspect you need to analyse the GC.

How are benchmark and baseline tests different?

Ans: The process of running tests in sets is to capture information performance is
baseline testing. This info can be used as a reference point when changes in the
future are made to applications. On the other hand, benchmark tests are the process
of comparing the performance of your system against industry standards giving by
other organizations. You can, for example, run baseline tests on applications, analyze
the collected results and modify many indexes on the database of a SQL Server
before running the identical test once more using the

36 How do you identify the performance

bottlenecks?
Ans: The Performance Bottlenecks can be detected by using monitoring and
profiling tools. These tools monitor the application server, web server, database
server and network. These tools help in finding out the troubled area during the test
which causes an increase in response time, server failure etc

What would be your recommendation to improve

performance measure?
Ans: Performance improvement recommendation always depends on the nature of
the bottleneck. If there is any network related issue then you can recommend
to optimize the latency and appropriate bandwidth of the network. At the database
level, verify all indexes and sequences by running the integrated profilers. You may
also recommend to optimize the database queries if DB takes more than expected
response time. At the App server level, run profilers for finding the memory leaks in
the application. At the web server level, you can use monitors and optimize the js,
CSS and image files which takes longer time.

 How does cache impact load testing results?

Ans: Caching has both positive as well as a negative impact on the load test result. A
cache is a temporary memory which stores the browsing history. When the user visits
a page for the first time then cache data are stored in the browser cache memory
and when user hit the same page the second time, the cached data loaded from
cache memory i.e. do not come from server, hence the time required to load the
page will be less than that required to load the page for the first visit since much of
the information required to load the page is grabbed from the cache instead of the
server.

Positive Effect: If you are testing an application having all the unique users then
disable the cache using VuGen runtime setting.
Negative Effect: If the application has the same set of users then you have to simulate
the caching behaviour of the browser. You can enable the cache setting in the VuGen
runtime setting.