SCIENCE 10 Quarter 1 Date Submitted:_________

Week 5-8 Parent’s Signature:_______

Grade & Section:__________________Subject Teacher:____________________________

MODULE 5: Divergent Plate Boundaries

MELC: Explain the different processes that occur along the plate boundaries. (Week 5, S10ES –
Ia-j-36.3).
Lesson 1: Plate Tectonics
At the end of this module, you are
expected to:
1. determine the three types of plate
boundaries.
2. describe divergent boundary.

Divergent boundaries are the region

where crustal plates are moving away
from each other and in opposite
directions. This either happens at mid-
ocean ridges (the so-called seafloor
spreading) or at rifted continental margins.
The occurrence of most seismic activity is
due to the movement in the narrow zones
along plate boundaries. It occurs at the
three type of plate boundaries – divergent,
convergent, and transform.
As the plates move past each
other, pressure builds up. When the plates
finally give and slip-up due to the
increased pressure, rapid release of
energy as seismic waves, causing the
Earth to vibrate called earthquake.
Some of the plates have
ocean water above them. Other plates include continents, and some plates include both continents
and ocean. The movements of the plates help shape the geological features of our planet. The three
main types of plate movements include: The Earth’s lithosphere, which comprises the crust and
upper mantle, is made up of a series of pieces, or tectonic plates that move slowly over time.
Three types of plate boundaries

1.Converging boundary is present when two plates collide.

2.Divergent boundary is found when plates move apart, creating a zone of tension.
3.Transform fault is characterized by plates that are sliding past each.
PERFORMANCE TASK NO. 7: Labeling SCORE: _______
Directions: Label the parts of a divergent boundary. Write your answers on the box provided.

Lesson 2: Types and Movement of Divergent Plate Boundary

At the end of this module, you are expected to:
1. identify the two types of divergent plate boundaries, and
2. determine the movement of the two types of divergent plate boundaries

A divergent boundary occurs

when two tectonic plates move away
from each other. Along these
boundaries, earthquakes are common
and magma (molten rock) rises from the
Earth's mantle to the surface, solidifying
to create new oceanic crust.
Divergent boundaries occur
where two oceanic plates move away
from one another, this is where seafloor
spreading takes place the most
common example is the mid-ocean
ridge.
Divergent plate boundaries are in
continental and oceanic lithosphere.
Results that are found at a divergent
boundary between oceanic plates are a
submarine mountain range like Mid-
Atlantic Ocean Ridge, volcanic activity
in the form of fissure eruptions, shallow
earthquake activity and widening ocean
basin. When continental plates
converge, the breaking of the crust into
several segments leads to the formation
of down faulted valleys called rift
valleys.
There are two major types of divergent boundaries continental and continental lithosphere and
oceanic. and oceanic lithosphere oceanic and oceanic divergent boundaries occur where two
oceanic plates move away from one another, this is where seafloor spreading takes place the most
common example is the mid-ocean ridge.
WRITTEN WORK NO. 7: Formation check SCORE: _______
Directions: Identify what is/are formed with these types of divergent plate boundaries
Oceanic –oceanic Continental- continental

MODULE 6: Transform Plate Boundaries

MELC: Explain the different processes that occur along the plate boundaries. (Week 6, S10ES –
Ia-j-36.3).
Lesson 1: Transform Plate Boundaries
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
1. determine the three types of Transform plate boundaries, and
2. describe the three types of Transform plate boundaries.
 Divergent plate boundary – is a
linear feature that exists between
tectonic plates that are moving away
from each other. It is within continents
which initially produce rifts and
eventually become rift valleys.

Transform fault or transform boundary

is a fault along a plate boundary where the
motion is predominantly horizontal, two
plates are sliding past each other, this
forms a transform plate boundary. Natural or
human-made structures that cross a
transform boundary are offset – split into
pieces and carried in opposite directions.
Rocks that line the boundary are pulverized
as the plates grind along, creating linear fault
valley or undersea canyon

Three types of Transform Plate Boundaries Formation.

1. Ridge-Ridge Boundaries – A mid-ocean ridge or mid-oceanic ridge is an underwater
mountain range, formed by plate tectonics. This uplifting of the ocean floor occurs when convection
currents rise in the mantle beneath the oceanic crust and create magma where two tectonic plates
meet at a divergent boundary.
2. Trench-Trench Boundaries – trenches are formed by a subduction, a geophysical
processes in which two or more of Earth’s tectonic plates converge and the older, denser plate is
pushed beneath the lighter plate and deep into the mantle, causing the seafloor and outermost crust
(the lithosphere) to bend and form a steep, V-shaped depression.
3. Ridge-Trench Boundaries - trench is a deep elongated cavity bordering a continent
or an island arc; it forms when one tectonic plate slides beneath another. Ridge is underwater
mountain range that crisscrosses the oceans and is formed by rising magma in a zone where two
plates are moving apart.

WRITTEN WORK NO. 8: True or False SCORE: _______

Directions: Write T, if the statement is true and F, if the statement is false.
______1. Plates are adjacent to each other, a new type of boundary is manifested and that is the
transform fault boundary.
______2. Divergent plates has two sets of plates that move in opposite direction.
______3. Most of Transform faults join two segments of a mid-ocean ridge.
______4. The presence of ridge is an indication of diverging plates.
______5. The ocean diverge between two segments of the mid-ocean ridge when the adjacent
slabs of crust are grinding past each other.
______6.The type of transform plate boundaries known as an underwater mountain range formed
by plate tectonics is called Ridge trench.
______7.Island arc is formed when one tectonic plate slides beneath another at Ridge trench
boundaries.
______8.Trench – trench is a type of boundary where two or more earth’s tectonic plates meet.
______9.Pushing of denser to lighter plates occur at trench – trench boundaries where the Seafloor
and outermost crust will bend forming V-shaped.
______10. Lava is created caused by convection currents when two tectonic plates meet at
divergent boundary.
SUMMATIVE TEST NO. 3
Quarter 1, Week 5-6 Score: _______
Directions: Write T, if the statement is true and F, if the statement is false.
______1. The amazing Himalaya Mountains are the result of continental-continental convergent
plate boundary.
______2. Large volcanoes can be found at oceanic-continental convergent plate boundary along
the outline of subduction zone.
______3. Earthquakes will never occur in oceanic-continental convergent plate boundary.
______4. Ocean -ocean convergent plate boundary can be described as one oceanic crust and
Lithospheric mantle being pushed under the other.
______5. Plate tectonic theory states that the Earth’s outer shell is divided into several plates that
glide over the mantle.
______6. When plate boundary collide, the thinner and more dense oceanic plate is overridden by
the thicker and less dense continental Plate. This happens at volcanic continental convergent plate
boundary.
______7. The oceanic plate is forced down into the mantle in a process known as subduction. As
the oceanic plate descends, it is forced into higher temperature movements. This occur at oceanic
-oceanic convergent plate boundary.
______8. At an ocean-ocean convergent boundary, one of the plates (oceanic crust and
Lithospheric mantle) is pushed, subducted, under the other.
______9. Often it is the older and colder plate that is denser and subducts beneath the younger and
warmer plate.
______10. Continental crust is too buoyant to subduct. When two continental plates converge, they
smash together and create mountains. This phenomenon occurs at continental-continental
convergent plate boundary.

II. Choose the letter of the best answer in each item.

______11. Which feature is formed near the divergent boundaries between two plates of oceanic
crust?
A. Continental rift valley B. Mid- ocean ridge
C. Non- volcanic mountain D. Trench
______12. Which feature is formed near the divergent boundaries between two plates of continental
crust?
A. Canyon B. Continental rift valley
C. Oceanic Ridges D. Trench
______13. Which geologic feature or event would you find most in the divergent boundary between
two pieces of oceanic crust?
A. Island arc B. Mountain C. Rift D. Volcano
______14. Which of the following is the result of divergent boundary at two oceanic plates?
A. Volcanic B. Island arc
C. Rift valley D. Continental volcanic arc
______15. What is the motion of the plates at divergent boundaries?
A. Flip around B. Move apart
 C. Crash into each other D. Slide past each other
______16. Which geologic feature is the result of a molten material rising to the surface forming a
chain of volcanoes?
A. Continental B. Mid- ocean ridge
C. Rift valley D. Volcanic island arc
______17. What geologic feature could take place when there is a depression in the seafloor due
to subduction process?
A. Mid-ocean ridge B. Rift valley
C. Trench D. Volcanic arc
______18. Which of the following is a process by which new ocean floor is formed near the mid-
ocean ridge and moves outward?
A. Mid- ocean ridge B. Rift valley
C. Seafloor spreading D. Trench
______19. What geologic process occurs along mid-ocean ridge causing plates to separate from
each other?
A. Collision B. Seafloor spreading
C. Subduction D. Tectonic
______20 Which motion will occur at divergent boundaries?
A. Collide B. Divide C. Multiply D. Slide

MODULE 7: Causes of Plate Movements

MELC: Describe the possible causes of plate movement. (Week 7, S10ES –Ia-j-36.5).
Lesson 1: Plate Movements
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
1. Define plate movements; and
2. Give examples of plate movements.

Plates at our planet's surface move because

of the intense heat in the Earth's core that causes
molten rock in the mantle layer to move. It moves in
a pattern called a convection cell that forms
when warm material rises, cools, and eventually
sinks down. As the cooled material sinks down, it is
warmed and then it rises again The force that
causes most of the plate movements is called
thermal convection, where heat from the Earth's
interior causes currents of hot rising magma
and cooler sinking magma to flow, moving the plates
of the crust along with them. In ridge push and slab
pull, gravity is acting on the plate to cause the
movement.
Plate movements is a scientific theory
describing the large- scale motion of seven large
plates and the movements of a larger number of
smaller plates of the Earth’s lithosphere. This
movement processes began on Earth between 3.3
and 3.5 billion years ago. Due to the extreme
temperatures inside the earth, hot magma rises from
the mantle at mid-ocean ridges, thus pushing the plates apart. As a result, earthquakes occur
along the fractures that appear as the plates move away from each other. Some examples for this
movement include the East African Rift. Meanwhile, mid-ocean ridges where two ocean plates
moved apart can be seen in some regions near the Azores and Iceland.
PERFORMANCE TASK NO. 8: Graphic Organizer SCORE: _______
Directions: Complete this graphic organizer about the causes of plate movements by filling in
the empty circles

Lesson 2: Causes of Plate Movements

At the end of this module, you are expected to:
1. Determine the effects of plate movements; and
2. Identify the causes of plate movements.

The force that causes most of the plate movement is thermal convection, wherein the heat
from the Earth's interior causes currents of hot rising magma and cooler sinking magma to flow,
moving the plates of the crust along with them. Ridge push (also known as gravitational sliding) or
sliding plate force is a proposed driving force for plate motion in plate tectonics that occurs at mid-
ocean ridges as the result of the rigid lithosphere sliding down the hot, raised asthenosphere below
mid-ocean ridges. Slab pull is that part of the motion of a tectonic plate caused by its subduction.
Effects of Plate Movements
Even if we cannot see what actually happens inside the earth, we can still feel some of
the movements within it. These movements and effects of plate boundaries are evident among
earthquakes, volcanoes, mountain building, ocean ridges or trenches, and subduction.

PERFORMANCE TASK NO. 9: SLOGAN SCORE: _______

Directions: Create a slogan on a one whole sheet of bond paper talking about the causes and effects
of plate movements. Refer below for the basis of your score.
Relevance to the topic 40 %
Originality 30 %
Impact & creativity 30 %
TOTAL 100 %
MODULE 8: Evidence for Plate Tectonics
MELC: Enumerate the lines of evidence that support plate movement. (Week 8, S9ES –Iaj-36.6).
Lesson 1: Theory of Plate Movements
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
1. Define Wegener’s Theory;
2. Illustrate Wegener’s Theory; and
3. Identify the impact of Wegener’s Theory in today’s understanding.

Continental drift is a theory that explains how continents shift position on the earth’s surface.
This was set forth in 1912 by Alfred Wegener, a geophysicist and meteorologist. The theory further
explained why look-alike animal and plant fossils, and similar rock formations, are found in different
continents. Based on the plate tectonics model, the entire lithosphere of the Earth is broken into
numerous segments called plates. According to the Pangea theory, each plate is slowly and
continuously moving. As a result of the motion of the plates, three types of plate boundaries were
formed, namely: divergent, convergent, and transform plate boundaries.
The processes involved in the three types of boundaries are seafloor spreading, ocean
continent subduction, earthquake activity, and volcanic activity. On the other hand, the possible
causes of plate movements are the continental drift theory, seafloor spreading, plate tectonics,
convection current, ridge push and slab pull. Furthermore, the line of evidence that supports the
movements of the plates are fossil distribution, coastline matching, crustal rock age, continental
shapes, and earthquake and volcanic activities.
THE CONTINENTAL DRIFT
As you have previously learned, Alfred Wegener was a German meteorologist. In 1912, his
theory proposed that about 200 million years ago, the continents were once large masses. He called
this land mass as “Pangea”, a Greek word which means “All Earth.” Afred Wegener’s theory
explained how Pangea evolved up to the present continents today. He further claimed that Pangea
started to break into smaller supercontinents called Laurasia and Gondwanaland during
the Jurassic Period. These smaller supercontinents broke into the other continents and these
continents separated and drifted apart gradually.

WRITTEN WORK NO. 9: Multiple Choice SCORE: _______

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer in each item. Write your answer on the space
provided.
______1. How do we know Pangea existed?
A.The overlapping of rocks in some identified places
B.The remains of dead animals and plants
C.The existence of rivers and lakes as boundaries
D.The presence of coral reefs
______2. How fast did Pangea break apart?
A.at a rate of 1 millimetre a year
B.at a rate of 2 millimetres a year
C.at a rate of 3 millimetres a year
D.at a rate of 4 millimetres a year
______3. The following existed before Pangea, EXCEPT
A.The oldest of supercontinents called Rodinia
B.The Pangea - like supercontinent called Pannotia
C.Both A and B
D.A only
______4.Which continent moves the fastest?
A. North America C. Africa B. Antarctica D. Australia
______5.How did the continents split?
A. Wegener suggested that maybe it is due to the rotation of the moon.
B. Wegener suggested that maybe it is due to the rotation of the sun.
C. Wegener suggested that maybe it is due to the rotation of the star.
D. Wegener suggested that maybe it is due to the rotation of the Earth.

Lesson 2: Evidence of Plate Movements

At the end of this module, you are expected to:
1. Describe the speed a plate motion;
2. Identify the line of evidence of plate movement; and
3. Cite the importance of plate movements in our daily life.

In the past lesson, you learned about Alfred Wegener’s theory talking about a single
land mass in the past and how this giant land mass slowly divided into the continents that are
divided as they are on the earth today.

How Fast Do Plates Move?

According to some scientists, a plate moves between 1 to 5 centimeters per year.
Consequences of Plate Movement
When the plates move, they will eventually collide. These collisions cause earthquakes,
tsunamis, and volcanoes. In the case of earthquakes, they usually happen when two plates
slide past each other. Meanwhile, volcanoes form when one plate sinks under the other plate
allowing lava/magma to seep through and build up to form a volcano.

WRITTEN WORK NO. 10: Classification SCORE: _______

Directions: Analyze the figure given and identify the period : Permian, Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous
and the Present..

Observation Period
The first corals appeared and terrestrial giant reptiles like lizards,
turltes and crocodile and first mammals
The presence of synapsids had single skull animals lineage led to
mammals and sauropsids had 2 skull the ancestors of reptiles
The presence of amphibians, fish and lots of invertebrates like
insects and worms
There were plant and meat eating dinosaurs grew enormous
Mass extinction of dinosaurs except bird dinosaur, flowering plants
and insects evolved
PERFORMANCE TASK NO. 10: Concept Map SCORE: _______
Directions: Identify some evidences of plate movements. Make a concept map. Write a word inside
the circle that indicate evidences that plate move.

SUMMATIVE TEST NO. 4

Quarter 1, Week 7-8 Score: _______
Directions: Write T, if the statement is true and F, if the statement is false.
______1. In what era did Pangea break up?
A. 197 million years ago B. 187 million years ago
C. 175 million years ago D. 165 million years ago
______2. Which part of Pangea broke apart first?
A. the Antarctic Ocean C. the Supercontinent
B. the Atlantic Ocean D. continental crust
______3. Is there a possibility that Pangea can happen again?
A. Yes , because of the occurring of geologic processes and events
B. Yes , because of the presence of coral reefs
C. Yes , because of the presence of fossils
D. Yes, because of the continental shape the fitted like jigsaw puzzle
______4. How were the continents being arranged?
A. Continents were arranged alphabetically.
B. Continents were structured as a single supercontinent.
C. Continents were located at the center of the globe.
D. Continents were separated based on the structure of the land.
______5. What ocean was formed when Pangea broke apart?
A. Antarctic Ocean C. Pacific Ocean
B. Atlantic Ocean D. Indian ocean
______6. The following are the three pieces of evidence that support the theory of plate tectonics, EXCEPT
A. The shapes of continents fit together similar to a puzzle.
B. The coastlines show where the continents separated.
C. The convergent zone is evidently similar to the divergent zone.
D. The identical rocks that formed over hundreds of million years ago have been located in
different continents.
______7. Which of the following supports the Continental Drift Theory?
A. The continents did not move as noted in the 1920s and the 1930s
B. The fit of the continents, geologic features, and fossils
C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B
______8. Identify the physical evidence that supports the Tectonic Plates and Continental Drift Theory.
A. The unsimilar patterns of rocks on both sides of the Atlantic and Antarctic Oceans.
B. The fossil remains of terrestrial animals that would have been unable to swim
across another area.
C. The presence of coral reefs. D. The presence of dinosaurs.
______9. What is the best piece of evidence for plate tectonics?
A. Old continents show distant landmarks
B. Fossils tell us when and where plants and animals once existed
C. Fishes, rocks, and other forms of animals found in the terrestrial areas
D. The presence of coral reefs
______10. How did Pangea split?
A. The movement was caused by radiation that rolled over in the lower zone of the mantle.
B. The scientist believed that Pangea was only a hearsay.
C. The scientist believed that Pangea existed lately.
D. The movement was caused by convection currents that rolled over in the upper zone of the mantle.
______11.What are the effects of plate tectonics?
A. The interaction of plates produces forces that build mountains, rift ocean basins, and it
also causes landslides.
B. The interaction of plates produces forces that build valleys and it also causes tidal waves.
C. The interaction of plates produces forces that build mountains, rift ocean basins, and it
also causes volcanoes and earthquakes.
D. None of the above.
______12. How do plate tectonics affect humans?
A. Humans mostly experience it through strong winds. B. Humans mostly experience it through storms.
C. Humans mostly experience it through earthquakes. D. All of the above.
______13. What are the two main factors that cause the movement of tectonic plates?
A. Gravitational force at the spreading ridges and subduction zones
B. Gravitational force at the spreading valleys and comfort zones
C. Gravitational force at the spreading poles and convergent zones
D. All of the above
______14. How do tectonic plates affect us?
A. change the relationship of continental masses to oceanic basins and can also change the sea level.
B. It creates subduction and convergent zones at the sea level.
C. It can change the atmospheric pressure and ocean temperature.
D. It creates subduction and divergent zones at the terrestrial level.
______15.Which of the following refers to the two pieces of evidences for continental & coastline plate tectonics?
A. Shapes do not fit together and coastlines do not show any changes.
B. Shapes fit together like a puzzle and coastlines show broken parts.
C. Shapes stay the same and coastlines appear the same without any changes.
D. Shapes are crumpled both in continents and coastlines.