BS Load Calc
BS Load Calc
BS Load Calc
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Electrical • BS 7671 – Requirements for Electrical Installation.
• Guide Books of Chartered Institute of Building Services Engineers.
• General Specification for Electrical Installation in Government
Buildings, Hong Kong and General Requirement for Electrical
Contract/Sub-contract/Quotation let by Building Development
Department, Hong Kong, 1984 edition. (E.G.S)
• Code of Practice for the Electricity (Wiring) Regulations issued by
EMSD 1997 edition.
• Supply Rules of Hong Kong Electric Co., Ltd.
1. For flats
According to ‘Code of practice for electricity (wiring) regulation), the electrical load
demand for each flat is calculated as the following table:
(for winter)
Lighting for living room & terrace 10A 8A 66% 5.28A
Lighting for bedrooms, bathroom 10A 4A 66% 2.64A
Lighting for kitchen & entrance 10A 4A 66% 2.64A
Lighting for staircase & lav 10A 3A 66% 1.98A
Exhaust fan for kitchen 10A 4A 100% 4A
Washing machine 15A 7A 100% 7A
Socket outlet for living room 30A - 100% 30A
Socket outlet for bedrooms 30A - 30% 9A
Socket outlet for kitchen, entrance & 30A - 30% 9A
staircase
Overall 89.14A
(for summer)
81.24A
(for winter)
The main switch for each flat shall be 100A single phase or 30A three phase.
However, according to HEC’s supply rule, 30A three phase is recommanded as the
main switch rather than 100A single phase because meter for 100A single phase is not
available.
The electrical load for all flat = 89.14A/3 per flat x 220V x 64 flats
= 418.4kVA
*2 means After Diversified Maximum Demand (ADMD) based on COP 215 by CLP
(kVA)
AC System 43.6TR 1.85 kVA/TR 80
Escalators 6 Nos @30kVA 180
P&D System 1 Lot 60
General Lighting & Power 1000m2 including 20W/m2*5 23.5
Mech/F
External Lighting, Atrium Lighting 180m2 40W/m2*5 7.2
& Facade Lighting
Total 350.7
(kVA)
Firemen’s Lift 2 Nos @40kVA 80
FH/HR System 1 Lot 40
Sprinkler System 1 Lot 20
Sump pump 1 Lot 15
Essential Lighting & Power 1 Lot 10
Security & BMS System 1 Lot 10
Total 175
= 1138.82kVA
3. Generator loading
An emergency generator set is required to handle the following essential loads in case
of power failure & fire conditions. If the equipment is started simultaneously, the
starting current will be larger. So, in the building, the equipment of essential load is
started in sequence and control by BMS to reduce the starting current so as to select a
smaller generator.
Taking a safety factor of 10% for overload and a factor of 30% for future expansion,
= 250kVA
So, a 300kVA generator set is selected. The generator should be operated normally
within 15 seconds in case and the capacity of fuel tank should be capable to operate
the generator for 6 hours.
Based on some manufacturer’s catalogue, the capacity of fuel tank is about 400L.
4. Lightning hazards
= 26.3 x 103 m2
So, P = 26.3 x 103 x 1.1 x 1.2 x 0.4 x 0.3 x 0.4 x 0.3 x 10-6
= 5.0 x 10-3
The probability of risk (5.0x10-3) is greater than the critical risk (10-5) so that lightning
protection is necessary. And, the actual design of the installation is illustrated by
drawing no. EE-EP-RF
5. Earthing system
In accordance with BS 7671, the earthing loop impedance shall not be greater than 0.5
Ω Due to the site constraint, the plate electrode and tape electrode cannot be used as
the earthing conductor. The most suitable and economic way is to use the rod
electrode. The following calculation is to determine the no. of rod electrode and the
size.
d = diameter of rod,
ρ = soil resistivity
Code 12C of COP electricity (wiring) regulation stated that the diameter of rod
electrode should not be less than 12.5mm. The standard size of rod electrode in the
market is 12.5mm & 15mm.
After site visit, the soil in the Wan Chai is marshland. The soil resistivity is around 4
Ω-m.
so that 2 rod electrodes in parallel is required to maintain 0.5 Ω earth loop impedance.
And, the spacing between the earth pits shall be more than 9m (2x4.5m) to avoid the
return loop.
6. Cable sizing
In this design report, the cable sizing procedure is referring to Code of Practice for
Energy Efficiency of Electrical Installation (Draft).
Note that all correction factor is referring to Appendix 4 of IEE Wiring Regulation
(16th Edition)
• To calculate the percentage copper loss with respect to the total active active
power transmitted.
7. Vertical transportation
1. Lift Performance
Number of floor 9
Capacity of lift car 9 passengers
Number of passenger 7.2 passengers
Floor height 6m
Highest reversal floor 7.34
Probable number of stop 5.146
Total lift travel 54m
Contract speed 2.5m/s
Acceleration /deceleration 1m/s2
Upward running time 47.33 seconds
Downward running time 26.6 seconds
Door opening/closing time for centre door 2.5 seconds
Door operating time 30.73 seconds
Passenger transfer time 10.8 seconds
Round trip time (RTT) 115.46 seconds
No. of lift cars 2
Waiting interval 57.73
Handling capacity in 5 minutes 74.83
Total occupants 6 persons/flat x 64flats = 384
Peak arrival rate 19.49%
From the CIBSE Guide D, the recommended arrival rate and waiting interval are 5-
7% and
2. Escalator performance
height of escalalator = 4m
k = 1.5
s = 1000mm/231mm = 4.33
= 194.85 person/min
From the CIBSE Guide D, the handling capacity for kindergarten is 92 person/min.
8. Lighting system
= 302 lx
= 333 lx
(Assume the light loss factor = 0.8 & neglect the reflectance of walls due to open
corridor)
2. Canopy
= 63 lx
= 120 lx
(Assume the light loss factor = 0.8 & neglect the reflectance of walls due to open
corridor)
Floor Mounting height Displacement from Nos. of Type of Direct illuminance Power
above floor level corridor luminaire luminaire
L1 12m 3.5m 5 2450W
L2 12m 2.5m 5 2450W
L3 12m 2m 5 2450W
L4 6m 2m 5 2450W
L5 6m 1m 5 2450W
4. Shops
nos. required
So, the decision is made to use N=15 luminaires. (3 columns of 5 pcs each).
Appendix
Appendix - P.