Pre Examination Training for SC/ST and Minority Candidates: English - Set 2

S.N Question Choice A Choice B Choice C Choice D Choice E Ans Explanation

Directions (Q1-5): Read the following passage and answer the following questions based on the given passage.
In the near future, space debris will become a critical challenge for the global community, endangering access to space and the benefits this access brings. In recent years, the $360 billion
global space economy has experienced a transformation. Declining costs, satellite and launcher size evolutions and the proliferation of related technology has led to a surge in satellite
launches, many of which are conducted by new space enterprises and nations. Over the coming years, thousands of payloads are expected to be launched by the commercial sector alone,
adding to the over 2,000 already active satellites in orbit. This transformation and rapid growth are anticipated to increase the space sector’s vital role in telecommunications, remote
sensing, space science and national security, making it a vital node of the Fourth Industrial Revolution’s infrastructure.

However, the rush in space activity is already adding to a crowded orbit. With over 20,000 pieces of debris larger than 10 centimetres tracked in orbit and many more untracked, the rise in
space activity will lead to even more debris, increasing collision risk. The orbital environment is a globally shared resource where existing international guidelines steer space actors in their
activities, however, these are not enforceable and derived standards are not always followed. Neither are guidelines expected to sufficiently curtail the creation of new debris in the
coming years caused by fundamental shifts in traffic. Therefore, an opportunity exists to develop a solution based on a multi stakeholder approach built on public-private collaboration.

As the challenge of orbital debris or “space junk” is set to grow, current and future missions face an increasing risk of possible collisions. The Space Sustainability Rating (SSR) will provide a
new, innovative way of addressing the orbital challenge by encouraging responsible behaviour in space through increasing the transparency of organizations’ debris mitigation efforts. The
SSR will provide a score representing a mission’s sustainability as it relates to debris mitigation and alignment with international guidelines. Organizations will provide mission data through
a questionnaire, which will be evaluated in combination with other external data through a mathematical model that establishes a rating for the mission. By voluntarily taking part in the
rating, spacecraft operators, launch service providers and satellite manufacturers will share a single point of reference externally describing their mission’s level of sustainability. Making
their aggregate score publicly available, these actors will increase transparency and place emphasis on their debris mitigation approach, without disclosing any mission-sensitive or
proprietary information. The rating may also act as a differentiator and trigger positive outcomes (e.g. impacting insurance cost or funding conditions), incentivizing other stakeholders to
improve their behaviour.
1 What has led to a surge in Reduced Space launch market The current Due to the excess None of these A Referring to the lines of
Satellite launch in these operational costs, competition is the trends in launch supply compared the first passage, it is
days? satellite and manifestation of traffic are to demand, it led pretty clear that option
launcher size market forces in the focusing on to a surge in (a) holds true. This can be
evolutions and the launch service describing the Satellite launch. inferred from the lines,
rapid increase of provider business. characteristics of ‘Declining costs, satellite
related small satellites. and launcher size
technology. evolutions and the rapid
increase of related
technology has led to a
surge in satellite
launches, many of which
are conducted by new
space enterprises and
nations.’ This makes our
correct answer choice
option (a).
2 What are the benefits of the The new smaller Its revolution in the It augments its These technologies None of these. C Referring to the lines of
rapid growth in satellite type satellites are area of overall allied role in areas like are alike in the the passage, it is clear
launching? able to do close sectors related to telecommunicati rapid and that option (c) holds true.
observation giving transportation. ons, remote widespread This can be inferred from
the credible sensing, space manner in which the following lines, “This
information science and they are transformation and rapid
national security. transforming or growth are anticipated to
promise to increase the space
transform sector’s vital role in
economic sectors telecommunications,
remote sensing, space
science and national
security, making it a vital
node of the Fourth
Industrial Revolution’s
infrastructure.”

3 What is the threat Hundreds of The increase in the The increase in Both (b) & (c) None of these C Referring to the lines of
mentioned in the passage thousands of man- number of debris debris can have the passage, it is clear
author talks about in the made objects are can led to a further an increased that option (c) holds true.
orbit? zipping around our change in the chance of This can be inferred from
planet—from dead atmosphere in the collision in the the following lines,“With
satellites to errant space. orbit. over 20,000 pieces of
nuts and bolts debris larger than 10
making it a huge centimetres tracked in
Junk orbit and many more
untracked, the rise in
space activity will lead to
even more debris,
increasing collision risk.”
 4 According to the passage Identifying areas of Assessing how Minimizing the It helps to invent None of the A Referring to the lines of
what is the need of Space concern and patterns of water impact of the risk new things better above the passage, it is clear
Sustainability Rating? providing an and energy may be events— from the “Space that only option that
innovative way for affected by climate occurrences that Junk” in the space. holds true is option (a).
the long-term change. have a negative This can be inferred from
sustainability of impact on the the lines of the passage,
outer space project. “As the challenge of
activities through orbital debris or “space
its debris reduction junk” is set to grow,
efforts current and future
missions face an
increasing risk of possible
collisions. The Space
Sustainability Rating
(SSR) will provide a new,
innovative way of
addressing the orbital
challenge by
encouraging responsible
behaviour in space
through increasing the
transparency of
organizations’ debris
mitigation efforts.”

5 Choose the word which is Pleasant Agreeable Pacifying Augment Irritating D Option (d) is the correct
most nearly the SIMILAR in answer choice.
meaning to the word Proliferation means -
‘PROLIFERATION’ printed in rapid increase in the
bold as used in the passage. number or amount of
something which is same
as ‘augment’.

Directions (Q6-10): Given sentences are not in their exact position. Rearrange them to make a coherent paragraph and then answer the questions given
below.
 A. In contrast, Maslow called the fifth level of the pyramid a ‘growth need’ because it enables a person to ‘self-actualize’ or reach his fullest potential as a
human being.
B. Thus, physiological needs such as eating, drinking, and sleeping are deficiency needs, as are safety needs, social needs such as friendship and ego needs
such as self-esteem and recognition.
C. In 1943, the US psychologist Abraham Maslow proposed that healthy human beings have a certain number of needs, and that these needs are arranged in a
hierarchy.
D. Maslow’s so-called ‘hierarchy of needs’ is often presented as a five-level pyramid, with higher needs coming into focus only once lower, more basic needs
are met.
E. Maslow called the bottom four levels of the pyramid ‘deficiency needs’ because a person does not feel anything if they are met, but becomes anxious if they
are not.

6 Which of the following A B C D E B Of the given sentences, we

should be the FOURTH can see straight away that
sentence C is the first
sentence after
sentence of the paragraph,
rearrangement? because it introduces us to
Abraham Maslow and his
7 Which of the following A B C D E E
“hierarchy” of needs.
should be the THIRD We find a reference to the
sentence after word ‘hierarchy’ in
rearrangement? sentence D, which declares
that “Maslow’s so-called
8 Which of the following A B C D E C ‘hierarchy of needs’ is often
should be the FIRST presented as a five-level
sentence after pyramid”. So sentence D
rearrangement? comes after sentence C.
Sentence D tells us that “
9 Which of the following A B C D E A higher needs coming into
should be the FIFTH(LAST) focus only once lower,
more basic needs are met”.
sentence after
Sentence E talks of the
rearrangement? lower level needs- “the
bottom four levels of the
pyramid”-labeling them as
“deficiency needs”. So E
follows D. So we have the
sequence CDE.
Now, sentence B cites four
types of examples of
deficiency needs. It is clear
then, that B substantiates E
and follows E. So the
 lower level needs- “the
10 Which of the following A B C D E D bottom four levels of the
pyramid”-labeling them as
should be the SECOND
“deficiency needs”. So E
sentence after follows D. So we have the
rearrangement? sequence CDE.
Now, sentence B cites four
types of examples of
deficiency needs. It is clear
then, that B substantiates E
and follows E. So the
sequence is CDEB.
The last sentence of the
paragraph is hence
sentence A. It declares that
“in contrast” to the other
four levels, the fifth level
need is a “growth need”.
The final sequence is hence
CDEBA.

Directions (Q11-15): Read each sentence to find out if there is any error in it. The error, if any will be in one part of the sentence. That part of the sentence
is the answer, if there is no error, the answer is (E).
11 While ventilator (A)/ A B C D E E The sentence does not
support in private have any errors.
hospitals is (B)/ out of
reach for many given their
exorbitant(C)/ costs,
government hospitals in
the city are battling(D)/ a
severe shortage of the life
support systems./ All
correct (E)
12 The saline(A)/ nature of A B C D E B Should say 'indicates'
our tears indicate(B)/ our as we are referring to
evolutionary(C)/ 'saline nature' which is
descent(D)/ from marine singular.
organisms./All correct (E).

13 The government now A B C D E D Should say 'reduces',

undertakes (A)/ a number not 'reduced'.
of minor, major and
multipurpose irrigation
(B)/ projects to supply
sufficient water to
cultivable(C)/ lands so
that the dependence of
farmers on rainfall
reduced(D) ./All correct
(E)

14 The effects of climate A B C D E E The sentence does not

change are remote(A)/ have any errors.
and ambiguous(B)/ , so
it’s(C)/ easy to deny
responsibility(D)/ for
them./ All correct (E)
15 The children themself(A)/ A B C D E A 'Themselves' should be
decided (B)/ that a trip to used instead of
Disneyland would be an 'themself'
unnecessary(C)/
extravagance (D)./All
correct (E)

Directions (16-20) : The phrases highlighted in the sentences given below are grammatically or idiomatically incorrect. Pick out the best suitable option to
correct the sentence.
16 The children are eagerly looking forward looking forward to look forward looking forward no correction B 'looking forward to '
looking forward for their for there their towards to there required not 'for'
summer vacation.

17 He didn’t remember that either I did not I did either neither did I neither didn’t I no correction C 'Neither did I' is the
it was his birthday and I required correct usage
did neither.
18 Teenagers know texting are doing it do it any way doing it any do it anyway no correction D Anyway= adverb
while driving is wrong, but anyways way required meaning regardless.
do it anyways. Anyways= a colloquial
word. Anyways is
incorrectly used here

19 The tourists have been for long since since long for a long time long time no correction C For is used to
waiting since a long time required indicate "from the
for a bus to take them to beginning of the period
the city center. to the end of the
period" Since is used to
indicate "from a point
in the past until now"
'For' is appropriate in
the given context

20 Kind words can often reap every one likes everyone like everyone likes every one likes no correction C Everyone= singular. So,
rich dividends, for, after compliments complements compliments complements required the verb to use is
all, everyone like 'likes'.
compliments.

Directions (Q21-25): In each of the following sentences, there are blank spaces. In each option below, there are words which can be used to fill the blanks
to make the sentence grammatically and coherently correct. Find the appropriate words that fit into the blanks contextually
21 The government has stringent, flout strict, follow urgent, follow rigorous, flaunt temporary, deny A flout=defy
announced _________
measures to crack down
on those who __________
Covid-19 safety protocols.

22 For every failure, there's alternate coarse alternative coarse altering course alternating cours alternative E alternative course = a
an _________ e course different choice /
_________ of action. You option
just have to find it.

23 In order to succeed, one deliver, avail, success fuel, triumphs dispel, victories divert, wins C fuel = supply or power
has to know how to learn tribulations triumphs = a great
valuable lessons from victory or achievement
defeat. Losses
must_________ the
motivation for future
_________.
24 With advancing robotics over, fence on, brink next, edge near, collapse in, crossroads B on the brink= at the
and artificial intelligence, threshold
humanity stands ______ Option E appears to be
the _________of a appropriate but it is
technological revolution. incorrect because you
can stand at the
crossroads, not 'in'

25 If you thought money is right, acquisition far, focus wrong, seeking farther, pursuit further, E 'Farther' refers to
what ultimately brings spending physical distance,
happiness, you could not whereas 'further' refers
be _________ from the to amount or time.
truth. New research
suggests that valuing your
time more than the
__________of money can
make you a lot happier.
 Directions (Q26-35): Cloze Test:
A (1) less than a third of India’s population now lives in urban areas, overcrowded cities and towns with infrastructure (2) at the seams. This problem will only
(3) with little or no intervention happening. The proportion of the urban population can only go in one direction (4) as more Indians migrate to the cities and
towns in search of jobs. On the other hand, there is (5) incentive for people to migrate out of cities. Earlier attempts at providing better urban infrastructure or
at creating new townships have not been able to deal with the issue of liveability satisfactorily. Even successful special economic zones have had to (6) with the
issue of lack of social infrastructure, which usually means access to avenues of education, health, arts, sports, and so on. It is hoped that public private
partnerships (PPP) will deliver but the mechanism seems to need a lot of (7) in order for it to work, a fact acknowledged in the recent Budget. The big (8) will be
to create self-sustaining cities, which create jobs, use resources wisely and also train people. This also means more (9) for these cities. Whether that can
happen is a (10) question depending heavily on the maturity of the Indian political system.

26 Choose the word that shade whole total scale fractional A shade = slightly less
best fits (1) than
27 Choose the word that bordering brimming bursting banging none of these C bursting = issue
best fits (2) suddenly and
uncontrollably
28 Choose the word that brighten strengthen worsen appear disappear C worsen = make or
best fits (3) become worse

29 Choose the word that downward upward forward backward onward B "Upward" makes the
best fits (4) most sense from the
context of the passage.

30 Choose the word that much more few little slight D "Little" makes the most
best fits (5) sense from the context
of the passage.

31 Choose the word that contest counter content contend comply D contend = struggle
best fits (6)

32 Choose the word that sabotaging converting mitigating tweaking tampering D tweaking = improving
best fits (7) something by making
fine adjustments to it
33 Choose the word that choice claim threat answer challenge E challenge = a call to
best fits (8) prove or justify
something

34 Choose the word that dependence redemption autonomy exemption immunity C autonomy = the right
best fits (9) or condition of self-
government

35 Choose the word that unsure proven mute moot none of these D moot = subject to
best fits (10) debate, dispute, or
uncertainty.

Directions (Q36-37): Find the correct meaning of the idioms given below:
36 If you “ride with the tide” act move very quickly counter the accept majority get up very early D To "ride the tide" is an
, you spontaneously popular view decision idiom that means to go
along with
circumstances. If you
ride with the tide, you
accept the majority
decision.

37 A “low hanging fruit” is a change in of a low moral of a low moral an outcome a lost D Low-hanging fruit
standard standing stature achieved without investment refers to the tasks,
required to make much effort actions or goals that
things easier may be most easily
achieved.

38 Find the synonym of the innovation advancement skilfulness stupidity technology C Dexterity means skill in
word in the capital letter performing tasks,
in the sentence: Robotic especially with the
DEXTERITY will be a game hands.
changer for the world.
39 Find the synonym of the Make dealing matching discussing none of these A Square with means 'to
word written in capital consistent/congr agree with
letters in the sentence: uent (something)'. Option A
The chance of getting a is the most
blood clot from the jab appropriate.
(vaccine) is tiny – but we
all have trouble
SQUARING our fears with
the facts.

40 Find the most appropriate Hardly Actually No such thing undoubtedly true none of these D 'There is no denying
meaning for the phrase as that that' is used to mean
highlighted in the something is
sentence: "There is no undoubtedly true.
denying that in order to
meet the significant
shortfall of qualified
doctors in the country,
scaling up of medical
education is warranted."