A

Seminar Report

On

Smart Automated Irrigation System (IOT)

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of degree Of

Computers

SUBMITTED TO : SUBMITTED BY:

Prof. Swapnaja Jadhav Parth Negi
Department of Computer Engineering
Dr. D. Y. Patil Unitech Society’s
Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Technology
Sant Tukaram Nagar, Pimpri, Pune-18
Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune
[2021-2022]

Department of Computer
Engineering,
Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of
Technology, Pimpri, Pune
 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Parth Negi from Third Year Computer
Engineering has successfully completed her seminar work titled
“Smart Automated Irrigation System (IOT)” at Dr. D. Y. Patil
Institute of Technology, Pimpri, Pune of the Bachelor’s Degree in
Engineering.

Guide Head of the Department Principal

Prof. Swapnaja Jadhav
 Preface

I have made this report file on the topic “Smart Automated

Irrigation System (IOT)”; I have tried my best to elucidate all the
relevant detail to the topic to be included in the report. While in
the beginning I have tried to give a general view about this
topic.
My efforts and wholehearted co-corporation of each and
every one has ended on a successful note. I express my
sincere gratitude to Prof. Swapnaja Jadhav ma’am who
assisting me throughout the preparation of this topic. I
thank her for providing me the reinforcement, confidence
and most importantly the track for the topic whenever I
needed it.
 Abstract-
Internet of Things (IoT) consists of devices that connect to the
internet and communicate with each other. It enables these devices to
collect and exchange data with a consumer. This paper presents an
IoT-based Smart Automated Irrigation System which can be used to
monitor the growth of plant every day. Why this IoT-based device is
been created? Many people are interested in growing the plants are
always forget on watering the plants. Hence, in this study, the device
is equipped with a water pump, where it can be monitored and
controlled by using a smartphone. In addition, the devices also consist
of four main sensors, which are Barometric Pressure, DHT11
Temperature, and Humidity Sensor, Soil Moisture Sensor and Light
intensity module sensor. The Soil and Light Intensity sensor used to
measure the value by percentages. Besides, two actuators, which are
the water pump and LED light can be used remotely or by using a
button on the devices. The LED is purposely to replicate the sunlight
and make the plant grow faster. This IoT-based Smart Automated
Irrigation System can record the data and send the result to user
through the smartphone application. This research is beneficial, and
the system can be easily managed by all users such as researcher or
farmer, and children.

Keywords-
Internet of Things (IOT), Smart Irrigation System, Raspberry pi,
sensor controlled.
 INTRODUCTION
Internet of things was first introduced in 1999 at autoID centre
and first used by Kevin Ashton. As evolving this latest burning
technology, it promises to connect all our surrounding things to a
network and communicating with each other with less human
involvement. Still internet of things is in beginning stage and there is
no common architecture exists till today. There is lot of researches
and implementations are currently being going on in all the respective
areas. Thus there is no guidelines or boundaries exists to define the
definition of internet of things. So depending on the context,
application the internet of things has different definitions. Shortly it is
defined as the things present in the physical world or in an
environment are attached with sensors or with any embedded systems
and made connected to network via wired or wireless connections.
These connected devices are called as smart devices or smart objects.
And it consists of smart machines which communicating interacting
with other machines, environment, objects etc. And also, it
incorporates to connect any two machines, machine to human and
vice versa etc. this communication is called as M-M communication.
As M-M communication is developing by the various standardization
bodies such as Open Mobile Alliance (OMA), European
Telecommunication Standards Institute
(ETSI), Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE), 3rd
Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) organization have performed
some activities on M-M communication [4]. It makes daily life things
to equip with transceivers, sensors, actuators and microcontrollers etc.
for communication. Some important benefits of internet of things
includes 1) tracking behaviour; 2) enhanced
situational awareness; 3) sensor driven decision analytics; 4)
instantaneous control and response. Etc.

Nowadays, people tend to stay connected with internet while doing

everyday jobs such as laundry, watching television and others. There
are plenty of beneficial technologies have been evolve in agriculture
industries where, some of IoT devices can automatically spray the
plant, pick a good vegetable based on its color and daily monitoring
on the plants growth. Hence, this research project will focus on
producing an IoT based device that can monitor and give online
feedback to the user about their plant’s growing progress. The devices
are capable to monitor the plants and retain some data for future
research.

It will beneficial the user, who are interested in researching about their
plant growth. The collected data can also be shared through online
mobile applications.

RELATED WORK
Smart Garden
An innovative device namely as IoT based Smart Garden is useful for
the gardener, and mainly used for monitoring and providing a
necessary useful resource that can make the growth of the plant
automatic function and being installed with several sensors for
monitoring process. Table 1 shows comparison of related Smart
Garden project, which are Smart Watering System for Gardens using
Wireless Sensor Networks, Automated Plant Watering System and
IoT-based Green House System with Splunk Data Analysis.

TABLE: Comparison of Smart Garden Project.

To the extent of our knowledge, there has not been a proposal for an
interactive cultivation sensing system via instant messaging
applications. In this section, we explain in brief some of the IoT
automation systems which we used as a reference while creating and
executing our proposed system.

A monitoring system for indoor vertical farming has been designed

and implemented. Sensors were used to gather data such as
temperature and light intensity and sent to BeagleBone Black (BBB)
microcontroller. Then, the data was processed and uploaded to the
Thingspeak Cloud. The system also provides basic remote function
where users could control the watering system, and the Light Emitting
Diodes (LEDs) via a web-based application. The analyzed data are
then gathered and displayed in the form of graphs, charts or figures
for the user’s understanding.

A smart home garden irrigation system is developed, where all sensor

devices are connected to Raspberry Pi to obtain the data in paper [8].
These data are then monitored and analyzes. The watering activity is
done using Android application as a Graphical User Interface (GUI).
At certain critical condition such as low water level, users will be
notified by email ap- plication. This proposed system has shown
several advantages such as cost reduction, wastewater reduction, and
minimizing the physical interface of human.

The combination of IoT-based technologies with image processing

techniques to build a monitoring and control system for balcony
gardens is proposed. All the sensor data are collected via the sensor
devices and sent to the Raspberry Pi. The data are then gathered and
viewed through a web application. Users would be notified if any of
the sensor data retrieved go below a preset threshold value. This
proposed system also incorporated motion detection as a step to
prevent crops from being damaged by birds or people. A webcam is
used for surveillance of the balcony garden to provide a live update
on the web application.

A monitoring system for indoor plants through an Android mobile

application on the integration of urban agriculture is developed in
paper [10]. The mobile application gives information and updates
such as light and water plant needs through the collection of data by
microcontroller unit sensors and other components. The analysis of
the plant conditions can be determined and known by the plant
owners through a connection with the cloud. The authors used
“Cayenne”, a third-party software, to communicate with the
application programming interface (API) of Arduino and relay any
sensor data that the device would retrieve from its sensors. Introduced
a smart agriculture method where the efficient use of IoT for
traditional agriculture is demonstrated. It utilizes Arduino and
ESP8266 Wi-Fi module to monitor and control the smart irrigation
system. This system consists of sensors such as pH sensor, water flow
sensor, temperature sensor and soil moisture sensor collected by
Arduino. The obtained information is then transmitted wirelessly via
ESP8266 Wi-Fi module to a website. Users can view the actual time
values and reference values of various factors required by crops.
Besides that, users can also control water pumps and sprinklers
through the website.

A prototype system of smart agriculture for Lingzhi mush- room

farms is designed and developed in paper [12]. The authors applied
the use of an IoT device named NodeMCU and Network Platform for
the Internet of Everything (NETPIE), a cloud-based platform as a
service that assists the interconnecting IoT devices together. Humidity
data is collected and stored into a NET FEED (a sub-service of
NETPIE) and displayed on electronic devices via NET FREEBOARD
(another sub- service of NETPIE). The proposed system can also
automatically control the sprinkler, fog pumps, and the functional
status (alternating the on and off switches occasionally) through an
instant messaging application, namely LINE Application.

In our proposed system, we combine the IoT-based technologies,

namely Raspberry Pi microcontroller, and various sensors, to set up
an interactive cultivation sensing system for home gardens and paddy
fields. We plan to integrate image processing techniques and instant
messaging applications in our proposed system.
 1. INTERACTIVE CULTIVATION SENSING
SYSTEM
Figure shows the interactive sensing system in the form of a
cultivation kit proposed in this study.

Figure: Interactive cultivation sensing system

This cultivation kit is mounted with multiple sensors used to retrieves

data which affects the growth of crops. These data include water
level, soil moisture, temperature, humidity, pH level, and carbon
dioxide level. Images of the crops are also obtained using a camera.
Both data and images would then be analyzed to determine the degree
of growth.

The cultivation kit is equipped with a network function, and sensor

data is collected by the server. Based on sensor data collected in
various home gardens and other outdoor environments, machine
learning can be performed as big data, together with image data.
Thus, it is possible to associate the growth status of the crops with
sensor information.

The following applications can be expected to be developed by

realizing the interactive cultivation sensing system.
 Verification of the possibility of interactive farming: Unlike the
traditional method of home gardening, interactive farming
between the growing crops and the farmers, which involves two-
way communication, is possible by incorporating the analysis of
sensor data. For example, when soil moisture is reduced, the
need for water by the crops is not simply indicated as a
numerical value, but instead messages such as “I’m thirsty!” or
“Give me more water!” would be relayed by the crops to the
farmers through instant messaging applications for electronic
devices such as smartphones, tablet computers, and personal
computers. If the sufficient level of crop growth is detected in
the camera image, a message such as “Just the right time to eat.”
is issued. This will create a sense of affinity between the farmers
and the crops. Farmers would continue to cultivate the crops as
if they are tending to pets.

 Application to teaching materials in educational institutions

(food and nutrition education):
Currently, education through dietary (food and nutrition
education) has been implemented in the Curriculum Guideline
mainly for both elementary and junior high schools in Japan
[13]. Plants and crops are grown in parts of the school and in the
classroom. Students can gain better hands-on learning by using
the proposed cultivation kit at such educational sites. They
would grasp a better understanding of how plants are grown
efficiently from the stage of seed germination to harvesting with
the correct input of water, soil, and sunlight to plants.

 Support for skilled farming:

Even if a message is issued from the crops, there are no
guarantees that cultivation would be successful. There are some
cases that the crops would be affected by pests, diseases or
unknown causes which could inflict damages onto it. In such
cases, the support by exemplary farmers can be considered of
value and countermeasure methods for the problems can be
conveyed to users based on sensor information. Moreover, it
will be possible to automate future support by making the
countermeasure methods a knowledge base.
2. REALIZATION OF INTERACTIVE DEVICE
Fig. 2 shows the realization image of the interactive device proposed
in this research. This device is installed in the crop cultivation area,
data such as temperature, humidity, and light intensity are retrieved
from the installed sensors. Images of the crops are also acquired by
multiple camera modules. Based on previous machine learning data,
we estimate the growth condition of the crops and also detect pests
and diseases which might affect the development of the crops.

Figure: Realization image

of proposed interactive device

The configuration for both hardware and software configuration for

realizing interactive devices is explained as follows.

A. Hardware Configuration

Fig. 3 shows an overview of the interactive device. In the device,

Raspberry Pi, a single-board computer, was used to acquire multiple
growth data and send them to an external server. A variety of sensors
are equipped to acquire growth- related data based on temperature,
humidity, light intensity, soil moisture, and pH level, as well as
conditions of the crops. Multiple camera modules are equipped to
obtain camera images. The height and the thickness of the stems of
the crops are then analyzed the obtained stereo images.
In addition, the device has a built-in speaker, and it is possible to
generate information such as lack of water, high and low temperature,
and growth status depending on the condition of crops. The data
would be presented in natural language instead of numerical values.
Furthermore, by incorporating a microphone, we aim to realize a
system that responds more interactively to the farmer’s questions.

B. Software Configuration

The software for controlling interactive devices consists of the

following modules.

• Sensor Module:
The various sensors are activated based on the schedule set for each
crop, and the necessary data are formatted. By utilizing the time
management function installed by the operating system (OS), flash
photography is performed.

Figure: Overview of the interactive device

at night. An infrared camera was used for crops that had a prohibition
period of lighting. The program and the settings in the module are
switched depending on the type of crops.

 Communication Module:
The data formatted by the sensor module is sent to the server.
Besides that, based on the result of learning by the server, the
 estimated condition of the crops is transferred to the speech
module.

 Speech Module:
Based on the estimation condition from the server, a function to
convey the condition to the farmer as a voice is realized.

 External database:
Sensor data and images from sensor modules would be collected
and combined with cultivation advice from well-established
farmers to produce appropriate cultivation advice as output. This
advice would be transmitted as reference for new farmers in
case they face difficulties in crop cultivations depending on the
situation of crops. In cooperation with many other interactive
devices, big data for cultivation support according to various
regions, climates, and environments are constructed.
 3. SYSTEM DISCRIPTION

This system is based on Internet of things which aims at connecting

maximum devices through internet. We are surrounded by Plants and
tress it provides us with oxygen, food etc. In this Smart Garden
monitoring system water is provided to the plant with the help of
pump motor.

In our garden we have many types of herbs, shrubs and climbers. But
in our busy schedule we don’t have time to take care of these plants
which provides beauty to the nature and foods for the needy so this
system with the help of soil and moisture sensor checks the fertility of
the soil and provide it with water through the pump.

In this system NodeMCU will be programmed by connecting it

through 3.3V USB cable. It will sense the data sent by temperature
and humidity sensor, light sensor, soil and moisture sensor and GSM.

3.1 TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY SENSOR

The RHT03 (also known by DHT-22) is a low-cost humidity and

temperature sensor with a single wire digital interface. The sensor is
calibrated and doesn’t require extra components so you can get right
to measuring relative humidity and temperature.
Features:

 3.3-6V Input

 1-1.5mA measuring current

 40-50 uA standby current

 Humidity from 0-100% RH

 -40 - 80 degrees C temperature range

 +-2% RH accuracy

 +-0.5 degrees C

In this system temperature and humidity of the soil will be

checked by this sensor and data will be uploaded to the server
with the help of NodeMCU ESP 8266.

3.2 LIGHT SENSOR

A Light Sensor generates an output signal indicating the intensity of

light by measuring the radiant energy that exists in a very narrow
range of frequencies basically called “light” and which ranges in
frequency from “Infra-red” to “Visible” up to “Ultraviolet” light
spectrum.

The light sensor is a passive devices that convert this “light energy”
whether visible or in the infra-red parts of the spectrum into an
electric signal output. Light sensors are commonly known as
“Photoelectric Devices” or “Photo Sensors” because they convert
light energy to electricity.

3.3 GSM

GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) is

a digital mobile telephony system that is widely used in Europe and
other parts of the world. GSM digitizes and compresses data, then
sends it down a channel with two other streams of user data, each in
its own time slot. It operates at either the 900 MHz or 1800 MHz
frequency.
3.4 PUMP CONTROLLER

This controller is suitable for any type of motor - Single or Three

Phase. Switches ON the pump when the water in the overhead tank
goes below the pre-decided minimum level.
Switches OFF the pump when the water level in the overhead tank
reaches the maximum level therefore prevents overflow.

Shall again switch ON the pump when there is sufficient water in the
underground tank. Therefore no need to switch ON or switch OFF the
pump manually.
4. SOFTWARE DISCRIPTION
This paper is based on Internet of Things. It work on the mobile
application and on the web server by uploading the data on the
Arduino application available on PC. In mobile application BLYNK
we upload the WIFI hotspot name and the password in our program
based on embedded C programming language.
In web server on a particular IP address or the web page data is
uploaded on the server and through the sensors data is uploaded on
the web server. GSM connectivity is also programmed in ESP 8266
by using the GSM library available in the Arduino application. It is
shown in the figure how the button is selected in the application and
how the temperature, moisture and humidity is uploaded on the web.
Rx and Tx of the ESP 8266 is connected through the pins and it is
defined in the programming.
Block Diagram
 5. IMPLEMENTATION

The proposed irrigation system makes the efficient use of

water. Water is fed to the plant whenever there is need. There
already exist irrigation systems which water plants on the basis
of soil humidity, pH value of soil, temperature and light.
Wherever these parameters are required in big agricultural fields
their productivity of the crop matters. The proposed irrigation
system will be very efficient in areas like house gardens, office
premises, buildings etc., where watering plants at regular
interval matters. As the system can be controlled by user
accessible and status can be checked.
If either of the soil moisture or temperature crosses the predefined
threshold value, then immediately an alert message is sent that is
motor on to mobile via server and then the irrigation system is
automatically activated. And when sufficient water is supplied then
it turns off automatically and notification is sent to the mobile. This
basically is how the system works.
 6. LITERATURE SURVEY

A. Farm Field Monitoring and Irrigation Automation Using IoT

In this paper it mainly focuses on the irrigation purpose. By working
under the mentioned sensors, the irrigation management can be
performed perfectly. The collected value from the sensor and the
irrigation controller are coordinate with Wi-Fi network. With the help
of that specified application, the person can be able to know the
present situation of the land. Based on the current valuation, the water
can be irrigated. As reported by weather forecasting, the water supply
can be done to the farm field either periodically or continuously. Here
naive Bayes algorithm is used to get the accurate result, the user can
get the proper value like how much level of water needs to irrigate.
With the guidance of that application, the farmer can build the
decision at which condition they want to supply water.
B. Wireless Sensor Network and Internet of Things (IoT) Solution in
Agriculture.
This paper illustrates the automatic irrigation to improve the water
conservation. Here RFID and WSN are used along with the ZigBee
protocol. In this paper it replaces the function of human to human and
human to machine to the Machine-to-Machine process. If the soil is
dry then the RFID based on ZigBee Platform is used to send ID to the
reader, then it recognizes the node. After that, it sends the exact value
of data for irrigation processes without human intervention. The
farmer can get the information through system or mobile. Here the
water can be supplied throughout the land by sprinkle method. In the
automatic irrigation method 50% of the water can be reduced when
compared to the manual irrigation. By applying this procedure, the
yield of the crop is heightened.
C. Smart Drip Irrigation System using Raspberry pi and Arduino
This paper holds the concept about drip irrigation by applying both
the raspberry pi kit, Arduino. Python language is written on both the
kit. If less amount of water is identified by the sensor, then a signal
will be forward to pi, through the microcontroller. As soon as the
report can be sent to the e-mail, to turn ON the motor for 10 minutes.
Then the water is supplied only for 10 minutes, after that the motor
become idle state. This setup having the water tank, in which it
contains the ultrasound distance sensor to measure the water level in
the water tank. By using this it contains the threshold value where the
water tank does not leads to empty and also does not lead to overflow
of the water. The cost for building this automatic irrigation method is
cheap and easy to use.
D. A Decision Support System for Managing Irrigation In Agriculture
Here it examined the SIDSS. Depends upon the moisture level in soil
and environmental condition, the water is supplied on weekly bases.
This paper is focused only on the citrus cultivation. Traditionally the
decision can be taken by the experienced farmers for better irrigation,
but now decision support system, is used for better irrigation. two
machine learning techniques PLSR and ANFIS are used under DSS.
By using this method, a person who does not have any idea about the
agriculture can also able to irrigate the correct amount of water to the
farm field.
E. IoT Based Auto Irrigation System Using Soil Moisture Sensor
In this paper the automatic irrigation is constructed with the support
of pump motor. The motor will turn ON or OFF automatically. The
signal received from the microcontroller and the soil moisture is used
to turn ON the water pump. While begin the process, the power is
supplied to the microcontroller. The level of the moisture and the
humidity is noted. According to the moisture content, the water is
supplied. If the sensed value is less than fixed value, the irrigation
motor will turn ON. This can be controlled over the app or system
using the internet connectivity. It is used to overcome the unnecessary
water flow. Santhi P et. al. have proposed the DGLCM for green Bio-
Technology to increase the rate of agriculture.

7. CONCLUSSION

In the nutshell, this paper presented an Internet of Things (IoT) based

Smart Automated Irrigation System. The main objective of this
research project is to invent an IoT-based system that can record data
and send the real time result to user through the smartphone
application. This research is beneficial, and the system can be easily
managed by all users such as researcher or farmer, and children.
These devices contain many sensors such as barometric pressure,
temperature sensor, light sensor, and soil moisturizer sensor. Other
than that, these devices contain water pump for adjusting the soil
moisture, fans for controlling the temperature and LED light for
controlling the photosynthesis process during the night.
 8. FUTURE WORK

This Smart automated irrigation proves to be the system that

automates for irrigation system and regulates water for irrigation is
done without manual intervention. The relay board can be controlled
remotely which opens the opportunities to control the water flow as
well as the electrical flow. Irrigation system is automated which
depends on sensor Report then the pump is operated. This system is
helpful for the farmers to automate their irrigation system by using the
digital ways.
 REFERENCES

 Yunli Cheng1,a, Hainie Meng*1’b, Lina Yuan2’0, Yaohua

Lei3’d, ” Research on edge computing technology of Internet of
Things based on intelligent and environmental protection”,
2021.

 1Norakmar binti Arbain @ Sulaiman, 2Muhamad Dan Darrawi

bin Sadli, “An IoT-based Smart Garden with Weather Station
System”. 2019.

 KESEVAN VELOO∗, HAYATE KOJIMA∗, SHOGO

TAKAInteractive Cultivation System for the Future IoT-based
Agriculture TA∗, MASASHI NAKAMURA† and HIRONORI
NAKAJO∗”, 2019.
 Satyam Kumar Sinha1, Bhupendra Singh2, Aashish Kumar
Gupta3, “IOT Based Smart Garden Monitoring System”, 2019.

 P.Santhi11, G.Mahalakshmi2 “A Survey on Smart Irrigation

System using IoT”. 2020.