EEG_NT

Operator Manual
B8300033001
Rev. E
 Galileo System

Operator Manual

EEG_NT
PROGRAM FUNCTIONING
SECTION

B8300033001
Rev. E

0051

EDITION:

April 2008

EBNeuro
-FLORENCE-
 EEG_NT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

WARNING
INFORMATION ABOUT THE MANUAL 1
VERY IMPORTANT NOTE ON MEDICAL DEVICES UTILIZATION 3
WARNING FOR USAGE OUTSIDE THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY (EEC) 5

CHAPTER 1 – ACQUISITION SETTINGS

1.1 SETTING THE ACQUISITION PARAMETERS (PRESET LIBRARIES) 1-1
1.1.1 XT24 / XT32 / WB24 / WB 32 AMPLIFIER SETTING 1-6
1.1.2 MIZAR (BASIS BE OR SANDMAN DIGITAL) AMPLIFIER
SETTING 1-8
1.1.3 BE LIGHT AMPLIFIER SETTING 1-11
1.1.4 DEFINING THE INPUT LABELS FOR BE AMPLIFIER 1-13
1.2 PRESETS - MONTAGE EDITOR 1-14
1.2.1 TRACE SENSITIVITY 1-18
1.2.2 AVERAGE REFERENCE 1-19
1.3 PRESETS - STATES AND MESSAGES (MARKERS) SETTING 1-21
1.4 PRESETS - THE FLASH STIMULATOR 1-23
1.4.1 EDITING A FLASH PROGRAM 1-26
1.4.2 “DOUBLE FLASH” PROGRAMS 1-27
1.5 PRESETS - OPTIONS 1-29
1.6 VIDEO EEG 1-32
1.7 DC CHANNELS CALIBRATION 1-34

CHAPTER 2 - REPORT EDITORS

2.1 OVERVIEW 2-1
2.2 MODELS 2-2
2.2.1 CREATING/ EDITING A MODEL 2-2
2.3 BOOKMARKS 2-3
2.3.1 BOOKMARKS EXAMPLES 2-6
2.4 PREDEFINED SENTENCE S MANAGEMENT 2-7
2.5 WARNING ABOUT REPORT SIZE 2-9

CHAPTER 3 – TRACE ACQUISITION

3.1 OVERVIEW 3-1
3.2 CREATING A NEW RECORD FROM THE PMS 3-2
3.2.1 FIRST METHOD 3-2
3.2.2 SECOND METHOD 3-2
3.3 ACQUISITION FRAME 3-5
3.3.1 ACQUISITION - UPPER TOOLBAR 3-6
3.3.2 ACQUISITION - LOWER TOOLBAR 3-6
3.3.3 CALIBRATION / EEG MODE 3-8
3.3.4 OHMMETER 3-9
3.3.5 REAL TIME PRINTER 3-11
3.3.6 FLASH STIMULATOR MANAGEMENT 3-12
3.3.7 THE STATE MANAGER 3-14
3.38 VERTICAL SPLIT 3-15
3.3.9 INSERTING EVENTS DURING THE ACQUISITION 3-16
3.3.9.1 Accelerators keys – Spot Messages 3-16

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3.3.9.2 Accelerators keys – States 3-16

3.3.9.3 Accelerators keys – Annotations 3-16
3.3.9.4 Inserting events from the menu 3-17
3.4 ACQUISITION OF A VIDEO EEG TRACE 3-18
3.4.1 THE VIDEO WINDOW 3-20
3.4.1.1 The video Frame 3-20
3.4.1.2 The upper toolbar 3-20
3.4.1.3 The lower Status Bar 3-21
3.4.2 VIDEO DIGITAL ZOOM 3-22
3.5 THE ACQUISTION WINDOW MENU 3-23
3.5.1 FILE MENU 3-23
3.5.2 TRACES MENU 3-23
3.5.3 TOOLS MENU 3-25
3.5.4 REPORT MENU 3-30
3.5.5 WINDOWS MENU 3-30

CHAPTER 4 – EEG/VIDEO-EEG RECORDING REVIEWER (REPLAY)

4.1 OVERVIEW 4-1
4.2 OPENING A DATA FILE FOR REPLAY 4-2
4.3 THE REPLAY WINDOW 4-3
4.3.1 THE TITLE BAR 4-4
4.3.2 THE STATUS BAR 4-4
4.4 THE “MAIN” TOOLBAR 4-5
4.5 THE “MONTAGE” TOOLBAR 4-5
4.6 THE “FILTER” TOOLBAR 4-7
4.7 THE NAVIGATOR BAR 4-8
4.7.1 INFORMATION ABOUT THE TRACE 4-8
4.7.2 THE NAVIGATOR BAR WITH LONG RECORDING 4-10
4.7.3 MOVING ACROSS THE TRACE 4-11
4.8 THE EVENTS 4-13
4.8.1 DISPLAY OF EVENTS ON THE TRACE 4-14
4.8.2 EVENTS DISPLAY FILTER 4-17
4.8.3 EVENTS LIST - EDITING / SEARCH 4-18
4.8.4 ENTERING NEW EVENTS ON THE TRACE DURING REPLAY 4-21
4.8.4.1 Inserting a “spot message” or a “annotation” on current page 4-21
4.8.4.2 Inserting a “status” or a “selection” on current page 4-22
4.8.4.3 Inserting a “status” or a “selection” directly on the navigation bar 4-24
4.8.5 SELECTION ON THE TRACE DURING REPLAY 4-25
4.8.5.1 Inserting selections on the trace with keyboard 4-26
4.8.5.2 Deleting selections on the trace 4-27
4.8.5.3 Deleting a single event 4-28
4.8.5.4 Deleting ALL the occurrence of an event 4-28
4.8.5.5 Deleting ALL the events of a group 4-29
4.9 THE MENUS IN THE REPLAY WINDOW 4-30
4.9.1 THE FILE MENU 4-30
4.9.2 THE TRACES MENU 4-31
4.9.3 THE POTENTIAL MAP MENU 4-33
4.9.4 THE SPECTRAL MAP MENU 4-34
4.9.5 THE SPECTRUM MENU 4-35
4.9.6 THE TOOLS MENU 4-36
4.9.6.1 User parameter setting 4-38
4.9.6.1.1 Graphic 4-39
4.9.6.1.2 Batch Print 4-40
4.9.6.1.3 Filters 4-41
4.9.7 THE REPORT MENU 4-42
4.9.8 THE WINDOWS MENU 4-42
4.10 THE POTENTIAL MAP WINDOW 4-44
4.10.1 INSTANTANEOUS MAP 4-45
4.10.1.1 Rotating the Map 4-45

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4.10.1.2 Changing the calculation point on the tracing 4-46

4.10.1.3 Changing the color scale 4-46
4.10.1.4 Setting the scale range 4-47
4.10.2 MEAN MAP 4-47
4.11 THE SPECTRAL MAP WINDOW 4-49
4.11.1 CONTROLLING THE DISPLAY OF THE SPECTRAL MAP 4-51
4.12 THE SPECTRUM WINDOW 4-54
4.13 TRACE MEASUREMENTS - ZOOM 4-60
4.14 SPLIT WINDOW 4-63
4.15 REVIEW OF A VIDEO EEG RECORDING 4-66
4.15.1 VIDEO GIGITAL MENU 4-68

CHAPTER 5 - GALILEO NT – SOFTWARE TOOLS

5.1 CSA – COMPRESSED SPECTRAL ARRAY 5-1
5.1.1 DESCRIPTION 5-1
5.1.2 USING THE CSA 5-2
5.1.3 CONFIGURING THE CSA 5-4
5.1.3.1 Trace Editor 5-4
5.1.3.2 Settings (Analysis Configuration) 5-5
5.1.3.3 Layout 5-6
5.1.4 SAVING CONFIGURATION 5-7
5.2 EEG TREND ANALYSIS 5-8
5.2.1 DESCRIPTION 5-8
5.2.2 USING THE TREND ANALYSIS 5-9
5.2.3 CONFIGURING TREND 5-11
5.2.3.1 CSA Traces 5-11
5.2.3.2 Special Settings 5-12
5.2.3.3 Burst Supression 5-15
5.2.4 SAVING CONFIGURATION 5-15
5.2.5 READING TREND WINDOW 5-16
5.2.5.1 Spectral Graphs 5-16
5.2.5.2 Burst Suppression graph 5-18
5.2.5.3 Graphic 5-18
5.2.5.4 Replay and Print 5-19
5.2.5.5 Moving across the TREND graph 5-19
5.3 EEG AUDIO REPLAY 5-20
5.3.1 DESCRIPTION 5-20
5.3.2 USING THE AUDIO PLUG-IN 5-21
5.3.2.1 The Main Window 5-22
5.3.2.2 The “Peak Viewer” 5-23
5.3.3 AUDIO PLUG-IN SETTINGS 5-25
5.3.3.1 Threshold Setting 5-25
5.3.3.2 Setting 5-26
5.4 HRV_NT 5-27

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CAPITOLO 6 – GALILEO NT – MONITORING

6.1 INTRODUCTION 6-1
6.2 CONFIGURATION 6-2
6.2.1 MONITORING CONFIGURATION INSIDE GALILEO PMS 6-2
6.2.2 EEG ACQUISITION CONFIGURATION 6-2
6.2.2.1 Note on Timed Acquisition Section 6-3
6.2.3 EP ACQUISITION CONFIGURATION 6-4
6.2.4 USE 6-5
6.2.5 HARDWARE CONFIGURATION 6-6
6.2.6 ALTERNATE ACQUISITION CONFIGURATION 6-6
6.3 ACQUITION MANAGEMENT 6-7
6.4 WHAT GETTING FROM THE ALTERNATE ACQUISITION: 6-8

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CHAPTER 1

ACQUISITION SETTINGS

1.1 SETTING THE ACQUISITION PARAMETERS (PRESET LIBRARIES)

The collection of all the parameters used to perform an acquisition is called

Preset.

Users, by creating a list of presets for each type of trace and/or situation, to keep
track of , can easily recall the desired one before starting acquisition. This will
allow him to find an already set collection of parameters, without, everytime,
having to waste time and energy to set again all the values and options– i.e. trace
type (EEG, VIDEO-EEG), amplifiers settings, sampling frequency, montages to
be used, stimulation programs and so on.

In GALILEO NT the user can define as many presets as needed: there is no limit
to the number of presets.

By the Preset Editor, users can easily check, create, and modify any Preset The
Presets editor is invoked by the Configuration Menu, in the Preset tab.

Generally, every kind of data ( as every kind of acquisition) owns its Preset
Editor. So, the first thing to do, is to select the recording type of which you want
to see/edit the acquisition preset, then click on the Modify Setting button.

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The following sections will illustrates the Preset Editor for EEG GALNT (or
POLY EEG - VIDEO-EEG) recording. For the other data types, please refer to the
related documentation. (for example, for an Evoked Potential recording refer to
the Evoked Potential package user manual).

Once clicked the Modify Setting button the Preset Editor is invoked.

The list shows the presets already existing in the library, with their name and the
type of trace they are linked to.
To select a preset in the list to do any action on it simply click on any point of the
line containing its name.

NOTE
Note that each HARDWARE TYPE (i.e. Amplifiers or Head box) has its own preset
library.

For this reason, to create a library, the user must first select the amplifier type the
preset will refer to. Usually this is not a problem, as a system typically has only
one kind of amplifier connected to it (in this case the Hardware Type list
contains a single item, and the choice is univocally determined).
The situation can exist in more complex systems, where several types of
amplifiers are connected to the unit at the same time.

A preset can be deleted (Remove), created (New), renamed (Rename) or modified

(Edit). For EEG, VIDEOEEG and POLYEEG data types, a default Preset can be

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imposed (Default): the default Preset is the first one that the system will propose
as the acquisition starts.

The Calibrate button calls the DC Calibration Utility provided by the system.
This utility is described in the last section of this chapter (See
Para. 1.6 – DC Channels Calibration).

Editing a Preset:
To analyze in detail the information contained in a preset and/or edit them, select
a preset, clicking the line that contains its name, and then click the Edit button.

As shown in the above diagram, the Preset dialog is composed of several sections
that will be described in the following pages.

At lower level (independent from the active tab) there are three buttons and a
drop-down list:

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Save & Exit

To exit from the Preset Manager, permanently SAVING all the changes made.

Cancel
To exit WITHOUT saving any changes made

Save As
To save the current preset with a different name than that one previously given
(this is a way to create a NEW preset)

Recording type
To choose, from the list, the Trace Type to which the preset refers to.

NOTE
We recommend to first set this parameter, as some of the options available in the
different tabs will depend on the selected Trace Type.

For example, the parameters that will control the acquisition of an AVI film
during a VIDEO-EEG recording, are ONLY shown if the Trace Type is
VIDEOEEG.
PRESETS - AMPLIFIERS SETTING

The essential part of a Preset is the window where the electrodes to be acquired –
among those available in the amplifiers bank – can be selected, and where it is
defined how they will work.

GALILEO NT tries to minimize any user intervention in these areas, but for the
optimal use of the acquisition hardware, GALILEO NT needs some information
that the user must provide.

In particular, the user must specify:

x The storage frequency (traces saved on disk) of the data acquired.
x How many, and which inputs have to be acquired among the ones available
with the current hardware.
x The approximate dynamic of the signals that will be applied to each amplifier.
x The “label” to “affix” to each inputs (when applicable).
x The Digital Filter to apply to the acquired data when starting the acquisition.

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NOTE
GALILEO NT EEG acquisition is made in an “open band” mode sometimes called
also “raw data” mode.
The analog circuits apply only hardware band pass filters (antialiasing) which are
the largest possible in dependence from the physical characteristic of the
hardware and from the acquisition sampling rate (which may be actually larger
than the storage rate set by the user).
Once the signal is converted in numeric form (Analog to Digital conversion) all the
processing (filtering) is made by the software on the computer (Digital Filters).
The user is free to set these software filter to any value he wants, but he should
take in count that the real band of the signal is limited physically by the hardware
(generally fixed) filters. This means that the digital filter operates in “series” with
the analog hardware band-pass filter. This may be taken in count very carefully
when using digital filtering. In particular care must be done when using the High
Pass filter (Time Constant) of value comparable (or higher) with the hardware value
or the Low Pass filter of value comparable or greater than the hardware value.
To see the signal exactly as it is acquired (and so with the only hardware band-
pass filter) you can set the digital filter to OFF (or OPEN) position.

The amplifier setting form and procedure may slightly vary depending on the
particular hardware (Amplifier) the Setting Manager is relating to.
In the next sections any hardware model will be described in detail.

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1.1.1 XT24 / XT32 / WB24 / WB32 AMPLIFIER SETTING

The various options/parameters have the following meaning:

Input Is the physical name the system gives to the input. In other
words it is the “name” printed near the related socket on
the head box. This field is not editable by the user.

Label Is the “name” that the related input will take when
displayed on the screen and in the Montage. For this type
of amplifier the label of the input name is not editable.

Status Set if the electrode (input) will be acquired (On) or not

acquired (Off).

Group The EEG / POLY qualification is provided in order to set

which inputs make up the POOL EEG. POOL EEG inputs
will be “controlled” in parallel (all together) during
acquisition or replay for filtering, gain control or other
management.

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Range Represents the dynamic range (maximum amplitude of the

input signal) that is set on an amplifier. With some
amplifier types there is only one choice; with other types
there are some different ranges will be available, each one
suitable for a specific use.

For example for an XT24/32 or WB24/32 amplifier the

following range are defined:
r 250 PV suitable for a normal EEG signal.
r 700 PV suitable for a particularly high EEG signal
r 5 mV suitable for a polygraphic signal.

TC / HF / NOTCH Represents the DIGITAL filtering that will be applied to

the input signals during the acquisition when it will be
started. (of course the user will always be able to freely
modify them in any moment during the recording). The
“Open” label means that no digital filtering is performed,
and therefore the band of the acquired signal will be the
“analog” one, limited only by the anti-aliasing (analog)
filters used for the A/D (analog to digital) conversion.
See the note at the beginning of “Amplifier Setting”
section.

Type / Subtype The user can define a set of transducers (defining, with an
appropriate utility, the name, the dimension of the
acquired measure, and the characteristic of the transfer
curve). It will then be possible to link any of the
transducers in the list previously defined to a DC input.
When a channel is linked to a transducer it is possible to
display (both during acquisition and during replay) the
numerical value of the signal together with its related unit
of measure.
For more details see the Calibration procedure on section
6.6

SR Represents the storage rate of data onto disk. The available

values and whether this parameter is global or
independently selectable for each input depends on the
amplifier type (input box) installed on the system, and for
which type the preset is being created. Allowable range is
128,…512 samples/second (EEG mode)

Coupling (DC) Indicates if the related channel is coupled in AC mode or

DC mode.
DC means that the input accepts DC-coupled signals (i.e.
an external oxymeter).
For this type of amplifiers this parameter cannot be
changed by the user as it represents a physical
characteristic of each input. With the XT/WB series of
amplifier only the auxiliary inputs AU0…AU31 (amplifier
type XT) have this characteristic (input DC coupled).

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1.1.2 MIZAR (BASIS BE OR SANDMAN DIGITAL) AMPLIFIER SETTING

The various s parameters have the following meaning:

Input Is the physical name given by the system to the input. In

other words it is the “name” printed near the related socket
on the head box.

Label Is the “name” that the related input will take when
displayed on the screen and in the Montage. To set the
label follow the instruction described in Par. 1.1.4..

Status Whether the electrode (input) will be acquired (on) or not

acquired (off).

Group The EEG / POLY qualification is provided in order for the

system to know which inputs make up the POOL EEG.
POOL EEG inputs will be “controlled” in parallel (all
together) during acquisition or replay for the filtering
operations.

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Range Represents the dynamic range (maximum amplitude of the

input signal) that is set on an amplifier. With some
amplifier types there is only one choice; with other types
there are some different ranges – each one suitable for its
specific use - will be available. The following range are
defined:

r 4.1 mV All channels

r 65.5 mV All channels
r 328 mV only channels 25,26,…32
r 410 mV All channels
r 655 mV only channels 25,26,…32
r 3.3 V only channels 25,26,…32

TC / HF / NOTCH Represents the DIGITAL filtering that will be applied to

the input signals in acquisition when it will be started. (of
course the user will always be able to freely modify them).
The “Open” label means that no digital filtering is
performed, and therefore the band of the acquired signal
will be the “analog” one, limited only by the anti-aliasing
(analog) filters used for the A/D (analog to digital)
conversion.
See the note at the beginning of “Amplifier Setting”
section.

Type / Subtype The user can define a set of transducers (defining, with an
appropriate utility, the name, the dimension of the
acquired measure, and the characteristic of the transfer
curve). It will then be possible to link any of the
transducers in the list previously defined to a DC input.
When a channel is linked to a transducer it is possible to
display (both during acquisition and during replay) to
display the numerical value of the signal together with its
related unit of measure.
For more details see the Calibration procedure in section
6.6

SR Represents the storage rate of data onto disk. The available

values and whether this parameter is global or
independently selectable for each input depends on the
amplifier type (input box) installed on the system, and for
which type the preset is being created.
In an EEG recording the allowable range is from 128
samples/s to 8192 samples/s.
For an EP acquisition the sampling rate may significantly
higher. (See EP NT manual for details)

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Coupling (DC) Indicates if the related channel is coupled in AC mode or

DC mode.
DC means that the input accepts DC-coupled signals (i.e.
an external oxymeter).
This status can be set by the user for all the channels.
However user must take care of using a DC inputs;
Dynamic Range must be chosen appropriately and all the
overall acquisition process should be followed with the
greatest care.

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1.1.3 BE LIGHT AMPLIFIER SETTING

The various s parameters have the following meaning:

Input Is the physical name given by the system to the input. In

other words it is the “name” printed near the related socket
on the head box.

Label Is the “name” that the related input will take when
displayed on the screen and in the Montage. To set the
label follow the instruction described in Par. 1.1.4.

Status Whether the electrode (input) will be acquired (on) or not

acquired (off).

Group The EEG / POLY qualification is provided in order for the

system to know which inputs make up the POOL EEG.
POOL EEG inputs will be “controlled” in parallel (all
together) during acquisition or replay for the filtering
operations.

Range Represents the dynamic range (maximum amplitude of the

input signal) that is set on an amplifier. With some
amplifier types there is only one choice; with other types
there are some different ranges – each one suitable for its
specific use – will be available. the following range are
defined:
r 4.1 mV All channels
r 65.5 mV 22, 23, 24

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TC / HF / NOTCH Represents the DIGITAL filtering that will be applied to

the input signals in acquisition when it will be started. (of
course the user will always be able to freely modify them).
The “Open” label means that no digital filtering is
performed, and therefore the band of the acquired signal
will be the “analog” one, limited only by the anti-aliasing
(analog) filters used for the A/D (analog to digital)
conversion.
See the note at the beginning of “Amplifier Setting”
section.

Type / Subtype The user can define a set of transducers (defining, with an
appropriate utility, the name, the dimension of the
acquired measure, and the characteristic of the transfer
curve). It will then be possible to link any of the
transducers in the list previously defined to a DC input.
When a channel is linked to a transducer it is possible to
display (both during acquisition and during replay) to
display the numerical value of the signal together with its
related unit of measure.
For more details see the Calibration procedure in section
6.6

SR Represents the storage rate of data onto disk. The available

values and whether this parameter is global or
independently selectable for each input depends on the
amplifier type (input box) installed on the system, and for
which type the preset is being created.
In an EEG recording the allowable range is from 128
samples/s to 8192 samples/s.
For an EP acquisition the sampling rate may significantly
higher. ( See EP NT manual for details)

Coupling (DC) Indicates if the related channel is coupled in AC mode or

DC mode.
DC means that the input accepts DC-coupled signals (i.e.
an external oxymeter).
This status can be set by the user for all the channels.
However user must take care of using a DC inputs;
Dynamic Range must be chosen appropriately and all the
overall acquisition process should be followed with the
greatest care.

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1.1.4 DEFINING THE INPUT LABELS FOR BE AMPLIFIER

To attribute your own label to an input acts as follow:

1. Select the input you want define the label of.
2. Double click on its name or in any part of the highlighted line related to the
input under modification. A particular dialog box will be displayed.

3. The table displayed contains all the predefined electrode labels for the 10/10
coordinate system. Click on the predefined label on the table or, if you want
define an your own label click on the dots (…) in the upper left corner of the
table. In this case you will be asked to type the label you want.

NOTE
User defined label cannot exceeds the length of 4 characters.

4. In case you want to abort the procedure use the ESC key.

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1.2 PRESETS - MONTAGE EDITOR

GALILEO NT keeps a list of user defined montages. There is no limit in the

number of montages the list can contain.
Montages can be created and edited with the appropriate “editor” that will be
shown in the following pages (Montage Editor).
This editor can be invoked, in the Preset Manager, from the Montage section,
when editing ANY of the presets already existing on the system.

This section contains 2 lists: in the left one (Available montages) are listed all the
montages defined in the system for the current hardware model (model the current
preset is referring to).
In the right (Selected montages) are listed the montage that will be linked to the
current preset.

The five buttons under the left list allow the user to:
x Define a new montage (New)
x Edit an existing one (Edit)
x Delete a montage from the list (Remove)
x Save the selected montage with another name (copy montage) (Save As)
x Add the selected montage to the general “Presets Independent” montage library
(Add to Library)

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Note that each hardware model (i.e. Amplifiers) has its own Montage Library; this
because the number and physical characteristic of the channel that “make” the
montage are hardware (amplifiers) dependent.

For this reason the Montage Editor is placed inside the Preset Editor: when
activating the Montage tab to invoke the Montage Editor you have already
declared the Amplifier type you are working with.

Moreover, the system maintains a “Presets Independent” Library of Montage that

can be used both during the acquisition and replay. This library is an independent
collection of montages maintained by the user. There is no relation with the
montage list maintained in each hardware model. When, during acquisition or
replay, user selects a montage from the Library (activating the “Library” radio-
button on the Montage Option dialog box), the chosen montage is added to the list
of montage linked to the trace.
Of course the user should be careful when using a montage belonging from the
general (hardware model independent) library: may happens that the invoked
montage contains some electrodes that are unknown to the current preset (which is
as we said before, hardware model depending). It is responsibility of the user to be
aware of this situation.

To Modify or Delete a montage, its name must compare in the left column
(Available Montages).

The buttons Add, Add all, Remove, Remove all, showed between the two lists
respectively add the selected montage to the ”Selected montages” list, add all the
left montages to the ”Selected montages” list, remove the selected montage from
the ”Selected montages” list and remove all the montages from the ”Selected
montages” list.

The Import and Export buttons allow the montage copy to/from drive or folder
for importing and/or exporting to other systems.

The Startup Montage sets which montage (among those attached to the preset –
”Selected montages”) will be used as “starting montage” at the beginning of the
acquisition.
NOTE
x At least one montage must be attached to the Preset
x When use tries to add, in the selected-one list, an available montage (for
example PSG) that uses not acquired channels (OFF status in the amplifier list),
the system warns him wit the following message

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The montage editor (that appears selecting one of the “Available montages” and
clicking the Edit button) is shown in the following figure:

The head drawn above contains the “cephalic” electrodes available in the
acquisition hardware (type of amplifier), while the two tabs “Poly” and “Aux”
contain the polygraphic electrodes (those amplifiers that don’t belong to the
standard 10/10 or 10/20 topographical arrangement) and the auxiliary inputs
available in the current hardware.
NOTA

For amplifiers with more than 40 channels, above the Poly and Aux tabs, a number
of tabs (equal to the number of head boxes needed to configure all the channels)
identified by the extension name, will appears near them.

x A montage is made of a set of traces.

x The maximum number of derivations in a montage is 128.

x Each derivation is represented by two electrodes (or inputs) that contribute

(with their difference of potential) to the trace.

x Each derivation is identified in the montage by a difference between two

electrodes, and a “label” that typically contains the names of such electrodes.

For example, the F1-F2 derivation is represented by the “F1-F2” label in the
acquisition and replay windows. However, when needed, the user can freely
assign a label to the derivation (e.g. “oculogram”).

1-16 Acquisition settings

 EEG_NT

To do this, just double click on the line at the right of the derivation and write the
desired name in the “label” field. The new name will replace the label, which by
default contains the names of the two electrodes involved in the derivation.
Default labels can always be recalled with a single click on the Fill Labels button.

To enter a montage
1. When defining a new montage, select couples of electrodes in sequence,
clicking the appropriate buttons. The derivation can be composed by any two
electrodes
2. For each pair of clicks on two buttons/electrodes, a new derivation (trace) is
inserted in the list.
3. In case of error, select the wrong derivation (clicking on the relevant line in
the trace labels column) and delete it (Delete Trace button). It will then
possible to insert the derivation (trace) again.
4. To append a derivation to the end of the list

- Select the last derivation. Selection is made clicking, on the list, the
line containing the derivation

- Select in sequence the couples of electrodes forming the new

derivation.
5. To add a derivation to the list
- Select the derivation before of which you want insert the new one.
Select in sequence the couples of electrodes forming the new
derivation.

6. Click the Montage Name field and insert the name you want give to the
montage. If are editing an existing montage changing its name and saving will
generate a new montage.
7. Click the Sensitivity button to set the sensitivity of each trace (see below for
further details).
8. Click the Save button to make the modification definitive.

Acquisition settings 1-17

 EEG_NT

1.2.1 TRACE SENSITIVITY

An important concept in GALILEO NT is that each derivation (trace) during the

display has its own sensitivity (expressed in PV/mm). The sensitivity is therefore
a derivation (trace) attribute, and has to be managed together with the montage.
For this reason the montage editor shows the Sensitivity button, which calls the
trace settings dialog:

One or more of even a whole group of derivations can be chosen in the usual way,
and then the following parameters can be changed for the selected derivations:
x Sensitivity: Choose the value from the proposed list
x Type: (EEG, Poly, Service, Different) This attribute is used to define the
POOL EEG, that is the group of traces that will be considered
“homogeneous”, and on which the sensitivity controls will act as a whole
(when in POOL EEG mode – see chapters 3 and 4).
x Polarity: Trace may be displayed in normal or inverted polarity.
x Display status: Each derivation can be optionally hidden from the display,
though being present in the montage and existing at any effect.
x Value: This parameter is not used.
x Colour: Each trace can be characterized by a different colour, so that user can
group set of trace by colouring them.

1-18 Acquisition settings

 EEG_NT

NOTA

Editing a montage, if user sees some “****” in the Trace Label list, it means that the
channels corresponding to this trace are not acquired channels.

1.2.2 AVERAGE REFERENCE

An electrode which is often used in montages is the Average Reference (AR):

Actually it is not a physical electrode, but a “virtual” one, which assumes the
average potential of a set of electrodes chosen by the user.

Each montage can define its own average reference electrode.

To define the electrodes that will contribute to the average reference (AR)
1. Click the Edit Mean button. The Average Reference edit dialog will appear.
The names of the electrodes contributing to the average reference are written
in RED, and are shown in the list on the right.
2. Click the electrode/button to toggle their status; the color of the
electrode/button label and the names in the list show the current situation.
3. Once the changes are done, click again on the button in the top left corner,
whose name is now Close Mean.

In the example above, the virtual electrode AR is computed as

(Fp1+ F7 + F3 + C3 + P3 +T5 + O1 + T3 + A1 ) / 9

RF electrode represents the potential of the reference electrode (0 Volts).

Acquisition settings 1-19

 EEG_NT

TM is a virtual electrode whose potential is a little “pulse” generated one time in a

second. It is useful only to redirect the montage data to a galvanometric writing
system to simulate the “time grid” on the paper.

MK represents a virtual electrode on which some “hardware events” are

graphically displayed. For example the flash stimulator trigger. If such
information is to be graphically shown on the screen, insert the “MK-RF”
derivation in the montage.A montage is made up of a set of derivations, also
called “traces”.

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 EEG_NT

1.3 PRESETS - STATES AND MESSAGES (MARKERS) SETTING

The form shown below allows user to set the tables with the “instant” (spot)
messages and the “states” that will be available in the acquisition Preset.

The number of messages and states that can be defined don’t have a limit, except
for their label length (not more than 16 characters), and for the first 10 GALILEO
NT sets keyboard shortcuts (accelerator keys) to be used during the acquisition.

By default, the Preset Editor gives the first ten Spot events/State events
respectively the following Short Cuts: Ctrl+1, Ctrl+2, …, Ctrl+0 (Spots) and
Shift+1, Shift+2, Shift+0 (States). Moreover 19 keyboard letters (A, .., Z) are
available just double clicking on the chosen event to add it a simpler short cut. To
close the window opened in this way use the “ESC” key.
NOTA

If a predefined shortcut (for ex. “A”) is given to an event (for ex. “O.E.” ) in this
way, everytime in the same computer, is created a new preset where use define the
same event, the system automatically will attribute to it the previously given short
cut. In a short: on the same computer since attributing “A” to “O.E.”, every preset
containing “O.E.” in the event list will show automatically “A” as its short cut.

All the other messages and states will be selected in the available list, during
acquisition, by means of mouse left-click.

To edit a message or a state, select the line containing the appropriate string, then
click on the Rename button to change its name, or on the Remove button to
delete the selected one.

Acquisition settings 1-21

 EEG_NT

The Add button adds a message/state to the existing list.

The Reset command will erase ALL the messages/states in the list, recovering the
default ones (Spot1, Spot2, … and State1, State2,…).

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1.4 PRESETS - THE FLASH STIMULATOR

The FLASH section in the Preset Manager, allows the user to create and edit a
flash stimulator program. Actually GALILEO NT keeps a list of 8 different
programs for flash stimulator management.
Each program contains a name (description), a “stimulation rule” (the rule with
the flash rate varies in time) and an “energy” (that is the intensity of the single
flash stimulus).
A program is made of several “steps”: each step contains a starting and a final
stimulation rate, and the time needed to pass from the starting to the final rate
(relative to that step). A program can contain up to 64 steps.
The program is always terminated with one of the two special codes STOP (end of
the program) or LOOP N (the program restarts from step N).

For example, the above diagram shows program No. 3, containing three steps. In
the first step the stimulation rate will start at 3 flashes/second and in 10 seconds
will progressively increase to 18 flashes/second. Then the execution will pass to
the next line, where the rate will return to 3 flashes/second, and then (third line)
the program will be over (STOP command) and the stimulator will stop in the
OFF position.
The energy of the single flashes will be LOW.

Writing a flash stimulator program, the following points must be kept in mind:

Acquisition settings 1-23

 EEG_NT

x The initial and final stimulation rates must be integer values between 1 and 50,
with the exception, represented by the following point.
x An initial frequency of zero means that for the selected time the stimulator will
not generate any flash (pause). In this case the final frequency is ignored.
x The time (duration) of each step must lie between 1 and 99 seconds
x Anything after the STOP or the LOOP n commands will be ignored.

Other examples are represented by the following diagrams:

Multi-step ramp with pauses

The stimulation rate will change from 3 to 6, 9 and 12.

Flashes/second, maintaining each value for 5 seconds, and leaving a 5-seconds
pause (lamp off) between each value.

1-24 Acquisition settings

 EEG_NT

Continuous undefined ramp (saw-tooth):

The rate will grow linearly from 1 to 45

Flashes/second during a 30 seconds interval, and then from 1 to 45 in 30 seconds,
and so on, until the user will manually stop the program execution.

Acquisition settings 1-25

 EEG_NT

1.4.1 EDITING A FLASH PROGRAM

1. To edit a line, click the cell to be modified.

2. Once the value is entered, the ENTER (or RETURN) key will bring the user
to the next cell.
3. On the last step insert (clicking the appropriate buttons) one of the special
codes STOP or LOOP.

The meaning of the various field and buttons is as follow:

Clear line delete the current line.

Clear All delete the whole program.

Insert line inserts a new step between two already existing lines.

Remove line deletes a step from an existing program.

Description this field can be used to write a free description about the
current flash stimulation program.

Energy this list allows selection of the flash energy among the
available values.

Program # is used to select one of the eight programs kept in the

library.

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 EEG_NT

1.4.2 “DOUBLE FLASH” PROGRAMS

A special programming of the flash stimulator is the “double flash” mode used in
some clinical study.
In this way the stimulator generates a series of “couplet” of flashes.
The user can program the frequency of the couplet (time between a couple and the
successive) and the delay between the two flashes which forms the couple.
The following figures represents an example of such program.
To access this type of program select the “Double flash” type in the Type list.

Acquisition settings 1-27

 EEG_NT

NOTE

Remember that “Double Flash” stimulation is possible only with Xenon flash
Stimulator.

1-28 Acquisition settings

 EEG_NT

1.5 PRESETS - OPTIONS

The Options section contains several parameters that influence different aspects of
the acquisition process and that cannot be classified in any of the tabs described in
the previous sections.

This diagram shows this tab in the current release of GALILEO NT (to make a
more complete description, we are referring to a preset for a VIDEOEEG data
type).

Startup mode Determines the mode ( CALIBRATION or EEG signal)

with which the acquisition will start. And it gives the
possibility to choose the default calibration amplitude in
the Default Cal Amplitude (ȝV) box.

Ohmmeter Sets the Ohmmeter threshold. This is only a graphical

parameter with no other meaning. During impedance
measurement, the electrode whose impedance is greater
than the threshold will be highlighted in the ohmmeter
display.

Timed Acquisition It’s possible (Active flag), to create a timed preset, setting
its duration in hours and minutes in the TIME ON boxes.
This allows, using with this kind of preset, to
automatically close acquisition, as soon as the defined
duration is reached. Moreover, in MONITORING exam,
user can set the number of timed acquisition to make the
system automatically carry out.

Acquisition settings 1-29

 EEG_NT

Video EEG This section is visible only for VIDEOEEG presets. It is

used to configure the video frame rate (number of images
per second captured by the video device) and the
resolution (as the pixel dimension of the video window).

Saturimeter Here user can select which one of the configured

saturimeter wants to be available during acquisition.
Choosing the saturimeter in the list, the amplifier section
of the Preset editor will be immediately up graded with the
2 DC inputs given by that saturimeter (sat is for
saturimeter and HR is for Heart Rate). By default this 2
inputs are in OFF status and with no label to identify the
corresponding trace on Galileo NT Viewer.

This is the situation generated by the example:

1-30 Acquisition settings

 EEG_NT

By means of the other Saturimeter box, as shown in the

first image, user can also choose if making available the
DC Input Box Acquisition device (if correctly configured
in the system). This will up grade the Amplifier list with 8
DC inputs (DC1, DC2, …, DC8), that by default are in
OFF status and with no label to identify the channel on
Galileo NT Viewer. As below:

Acquisition settings 1-31

 EEG_NT

1.6 VIDEO EEG

With this function we allow the specialized people (INSTALLER user), to

configure the acquisition parameters for Video EEG, once the system has
recognized (by installation of specific drivers) the available video acquisition
devices (video board, web-cam, ...).

With the “OK” button, we access to the “Video EEG settings” window:

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 EEG_NT

This window is composed of three sections “Video”, “Audio” and “General”,

where user has to configure:
1. video acquisition device,
2. video and audio compression parameters,
3. duration (in seconds) of the video files.

NOTE

It’s mandatory for a sharp synchronization management between video and eeg
signals, that video capture device choice is compatible with the chosen device in
the dedicated box: “Video device type” (Web cam, DV or PCI card).

Acquisition settings 1-33

 EEG_NT

1.7 DC CHANNELS CALIBRATION

With this function the user is enabled to perform the calibration of the (eventually)
acquired DC channel.

Calibration of a DC channel may be necessary to have a correct reading (and

display) of the value of a parameter acquired from an external device as for
example a pulse-oxymeter.

The calibration procedure is possible only on a GALILEO NT station capable of

acquiring. In other word the procedure is not enabled in a “replay only” station.
To obtain a correct calibration act as follows.
1. Connect the device feeding the signal of interest to the GALILEO NT system.
Typically a DC input of the MIZAR Amplifier or an “auxiliary” input will be
used, for example AU01.
2. Activate the Configuration / System / Modify Setting mode starting from
the menu toolbar of the PMS.
3. Click the Calibrate button. This will open the trace window with all the DC
channel displayed on the screen and with the calibration setting window
active. (see figure below)

1-34 Acquisition settings

 EEG_NT

4. In that active window select the DC channel (DC Channel) to which is

connected the sensor and the type of signal (Channel type) the signal you
want “calibrate”, insert in the Sensor Name field the name you want call that
signal and then click on the Calibration button.
5. In the next window you should acquire the signal of interest in two different
“point” to enable the system to calculate the linear calibration factor. In other
words you should acquire the input signal in two different point in which the
output value is known. This allow the system to calculate the factor for
transforming the DC Channel input voltage in the wanted output value.

6. As first step let the system read a known value in the low end of the range of
the interested value (this may be due acting on the device feeding the value if
this features is present on the device).
7. In the window Channel minimum value wait that the read value stabilize
(example 102.34 PV), then click on the left Acquire & Store button and write
in the left field Enter physical minimum value the real value of the acquired
signal (example 0)
8. As second step let the system read a known value in the high end of the range
of the interested value (this may be due acting on the device feeding the value
if this features is present on the device).
9. In the window Channel maximum value wait that the read value stabilize
(example 102.34 PV), then click on the right Acquire & Store button and
write in the right field Enter physical maximum value the real value of the
acquired signal (example 100).
10. In the Measure unit field insert the unit of measure of the acquired signal
(example %), in the Display offset field insert the physical value you want be
represented on the isolelectric of the trace. Check in the Show decimals if you
Acquisition settings 1-35
 EEG_NT

want decimal digits displayed on the number on the screen representing the
physical value acquired.
11. Finally press the Calculate button and then the Save and Exit button to
terminate the procedure.
12. After doing the procedure close the acquisition and you will return to the PMS
window.
13. After this we recommend to try a real acquisition and check that the displayed
value are correct. If the values are not correct repeat again the Calibration
procedure.

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 EEG_NT

CHAPTER 2

REPORT EDITORS

2.1 OVERVIEW

Patient History (also called Patient Report) and Data Report are two document
that GALILEO NT manages, directly basing on one of the following text editor

x Galileo NT internal editor. This is functionally equivalent to a ”subset” of

Microsoft WordPad (the standard editor embedded in the various Operative
System of the Windows family)
x Microsoft Word (an application of the Microsoft Office suite)

The one to be used depend on which is installed in the computer and from the
user preference.

The current editor is automatically run when the user ask GALILEO NT to
open/create a report document (patient History or Data Report).
Once the editor is running the user can operate with all the features provided by
the program. The only function not more available in both editors (referring to the
corresponding functions of the relative editor), is “Save As...”. This is done to
avoid users to save documents, instead of in the database, in an not specified
folder of the computer. For MS Word this functionality is only hidden, because an
accelerator key from keyboard makes the same operation on the document.

For details about the use of WordPad or Word please refer to the relative
Microsoft documentation.

Report editors 2-1

 EEG_NT

2.2 MODELS

It is very useful to create one or more “model” of the document below in such a
way that all the Patient History or Data Report are formatted in an homogeneous
form and reflect the preference of the single user.
Further typically the user want to insert in those document some information
present in the system (for example the name of the patient), in an automatic way,
avoiding to type every time information already inserted.
To accomplish this GALILEO NT provides a very flexible method to create and
maintain a series of model each of which containing some very useful feature.

During the installation of GALILEO NT two particular folder will be created in

the GALNT folder

PatTemplate contains the Patient History model

TrxTemplate contains the Data Report model.

2.2.1 CREATING/ EDITING A MODEL

Model are normal RTF files which can be created or edited ONLY with Microsoft
WordPad.

NOTE
The model MUST be saved in Rich Text Format (RTF).

1. Open an existing model (rtf extension) to modify it or create a new file in the
directory mentioned above (depending on if you are editing a Patient History
model or a Data Report model).
2. Insert in the document any text and/or image you want to make a document
that represent your willing (it is recommended to insert text manually by the
keyboard and not, from other text files by the clipboard).
3. Insert in the opportune position the “bookmarks” of the information you want
to be inserted automatically by the system when the model will be used to
create a real document. Bookmarks are described in the section that
immediately follow.
4. Close the document. Remember that the document MUST saved in RTF
format.

2-2 Report editors

 EEG_NT

2.3 BOOKMARKS

To allow the user to automatically insert some information on the report document
some standard Bookmark have been defined in the system.

When a Bookmark is placed on the document model, when the report is created
the bookmark is replaced by its “value” in other word by the information the
bookmark is “linked”.

NOTE
The “translation” of the bookmarks into their effective “value” is made ONLY at the
moment of the creation of the report. In other words the bookmark are not
dynamic. If a parameter included in a bookmark changes AFTER the moment of
the creation of the report the report file will NOT be updated.

In the model a Bookmark is formatted in the following way:

< start_code> keyword <stop_code>

start_code and stop_code may be one of the following table

Start_code Stop_code Comment

pat /pat Predefined Patient item as in the next table

(table 2)

trx /trx Predefined Data item as in the next table

(table 3)

patstat /patstat The item is a Patient Code

trxstat /trxstat The item is a Data Code

Table 1 - Bookmark start/stop keywords

Please note that the bookmark can be placed on the model using the text
formatting (character type, font, size etc) you want to be applied to the “value”.

In order to avoid misalignment when the bookmarks will be replaced in the real
document, we suggest to separate, in the model, text from bookmark (when in the
same line) by TAB character.

Report editors 2-3

 EEG_NT

The keyword for tag type “pat” or “trx” are shown in the following table

KEYWORD Comment

USERPID Patient ID
FIRST NAME
LAST NAME
BIRTH DATE
GENDER
HEIGHT
WEIGHT
STREET
CITY
COUNTRY
ZIP
STATE
PHONE
COMMENTS The “Notes” field of the patient
REC_CREATION_DATE Date on which the patient record was
created in the archive
REC_CREATION_USER User who created the patient record in
the archive
REC_MODIFICATION_DATE Date of last modification to the patient
info
REC_MODIFICATION_USER User who made the last modification
REC_ALIAS Name of the Archive on which the
patient record resides
REC_VERIFIED Patient report verification status
(Boolean F or T)
REP_SIZE Patient report size (bytes)
REP_MODIFICATION_DATE Last modification date of the patient
history
REP_MODIFICATION_USER User who made the last modification of
the patient history

Table 2 - Patient Item (for tag = pat)

2-4 Report editors

 EEG_NT

KEYWORD Comment

STANDARD_TYPE Data type

STANDARD_SUBTYPE Data subtype
FILENAME Filename of data collection
FILESIZE Size of the file
CUTFILESIZE Selection size (size of the file take in
count only the selected part)
DURATION Time duration of the recording
COMMENTS The “Notes” field of the Data
REC_CREATION_DATE Date of recording
REC_CREATION_USER User who created the recording
REC_MODIFICATION_DATE Last modification date (to recording)
REC_MODIFICATION_USER User who made the last modification
REC_ALIAS Archive on which the recording resides
REP_SIZE Data report size (bytes)
REP_MODIFICATION_DATE Date of last modification to the data
report
REP_MODIFICATIO_USER User who made the last modification to
the data report
REP_REVIEWED Review status (Boolean F or T)

Table 3 - Data (trace) Item (for tag = trx)

Report editors 2-5

 EEG_NT

2.3.1 BOOKMARKS EXAMPLES

1. Bookmark for the birth date of the patient:

<pat>BIRTHDATE</pat>
2. Bookmark for the recording date of a trace:
<trx>REC_CREATION_DATE</trx>
3. Suppose you have defined the Patient Code “Pathology” and that you want
insert the value of the code in the patient history. You will define the
following bookmark
<patstat>PATHOLOGY</patstat>

The following figure shows an example of the model for the Data Report
document.

2-6 Report editors

 EEG_NT

2.4 PREDEFINED SENTECES MANAGEMENT

GALILEO_NT allows the user to automatically insert some predefined sentences

on the report document.
To configure predefined sentences use the “Sentences” menu: selecting
“Configure ”the window shown in the picture below appears. In the window there
is a box containing the list of the already existing sentences and three button that
permits respective to add a new sentence, to delete or modify an existing one.

“Add” control allows to add a new sentence to the list: digit the sentence in the
box and then push “Add” button.

To remove an existing sentence , it is necessary to select it from the list and then
push the “Remove” control.

If the user would like to modify a sentence, it is necessary to select it from the list,
to modify the sentence’s text and finally push “Modify” control.

Once the user has done one of the previous operations, just click “Save and esc”
to save it or “Cancel” to save not.
NOTE
The digitation of predefined sentences doesn’t contemplate the indent option. If
indent is digitated it is automatically removed during the saving operation.

Report editors 2-7

 EEG_NT

To insert a predefined sentence in the report put the mouse in the chosen point,
open “Sentence” menu and select a sentence to insert in the text from the list of
available sentences , in which first 30 characters of each sentenceis shown.

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2.5 WARNING ABOUT REPORT SIZE

As explained in the user manual of the Patient Management System, the report
documents remains always “resident” also when they are actually backed up.
This is a great advantage in the daily work, but some consideration should be kept
in mind when planning the templates of the reports.

You can insert in the template any text you want (formatted in any way the RTF
file format allow) and also you can “insert” in the template any “image” as for
example the “logo” of your organization: this will make the report very attractive.
Take however in mind that “images” are objects that require generally a very large
amount of disk space (especially when compared to text).

Using templates with one or more images embedded may easily result in a file of
more than one Megabyte. Suppose you have a Database with 5000 records
(patients + recording) each of them with its own report and you will have more
than 5 Gigabytes of space dedicated to the report structure.
This may be not a big problem with the disks today installed in any computer but
in any case structure of such dimension are generally not efficient in managing.

In other word the use of reports of very large dimension may rapidly require the
most part of the disk and in the worst case may “saturate” the entire disk capacity.
At that point the only chance will be to delete some of the reports from the disk.
To avoid such situation the User should carefully plan the report templates taking
in count those problems.

NOTE
We recommend to avoid (or limit to some particular templates) the use of images
in the report templates.
We recommend to use only text in those documents. Of course you can choose
any text “fonts”, colour, and size you prefer to do the better aspect to your reports
without incurring in the mentioned problems. Also it must be remembered that if
the user needs to transfer the RTF model from one computer to another, he must
check that the fonts used in the RTF model are correctly installed in the O.S. of the
computer where he wants to transfer the files.

Report editors 2-9

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For your notes:

2-10 Report editors

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CHAPTER 3
TRACE ACQUISITION

3.1 OVERVIEW

Acquisition is the whole process that leads to the recording on disk of the
bioelectrical signal of a certain patient.
The following sections will rely only on the acquisition of
Electroencephalographic recording (EEG, POLY EEG or VIDEO-EEG).

An Acquisition or Recording can be thought of as being divided in two stages:

the first one consists of entering the Patient data into the system (or in finding the
patient data if already present inside the system), while the second one is the real
“capture” of the signal and its storage on disk.

The two stages can be started from different points. from the PMS and from the
login form when starting GALILEO NT.

Trace acquisition 3-1

 EEG_NT

3.2 CREATING A NEW RECORD FROM THE PMS

As described above, a new trace can be created also from the Database manager
frame. This can be accomplished in two ways:

3.2.1 FIRST METHOD

As explained in the previous section the Acq Wizard can be started from the PMS
clicking the Acq Wizard button.

For the details of the Acq Wizard see the previous section.

3.2.2 SECOND METHOD

Select from the Patient list the patient to which the new recording have to be done.
If the Patient does not exist it can be inserted as a new Patient before to proceed).
1. Click the New Data button
2. The system ask for data type

3. Once chosen the type click OK

4. Suppose, as in the example above, the chosen type is EEG GALNT: the EEG
manager firstly ask for the Preset to use to start the new recording.

Figure 1: Preset for a Mizar40 head-box configured by PCMCIA set up.

3-2 Trace acquisition

 EEG_NT

Figure 2: Preset for a Mizar40 head-box configured by Single Net set up.

Figure 3: Preset for a Be Light head-box configured by Multi Net set up (the head box
on the acquisition network is recognized by its clinical name: BE-NET 40026)

5. Note that the default Preset is already proposed in the dialog: so if you simply
press ENTER the default preset will be selected and the acquisition will start.
6. Otherwise, if you want a different Preset, open the drop down list, select a preset
and click OK.

Modify

It is possible to modify a Preset before using it: simply clicking the Modify button
once choosing the Preset to edit. The “Preset scratch” window will appear; this is
similar the Preset Editor window, except for the “Save As” option that in this case
is not required.

Trace acquisition 3-3

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NOTE
Please note that when modifying a preset from this point the modifications apply
ONLY to the current acquisition. In other words the Preset Library is non affected.

Plug-in

This button gives the user the possibility to select which of the “Add on” software
(set on the system) must be available during acquisition.

Refresh

This button, enabled only in Multi Net systems, allows user to make a check of all
the configured network acquisition head-boxes available at the acquisition
beginning.

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3.3 ACQUISITION FRAME

Once the recording of a trace is started, after having entered the required data as
explained in the previous section, GALILEO NT opens the trace acquisition
window shown below.

The display of the signals immediately starts with the parameters specified in the
preset (filters, calibration/use, start-up montage) and with the arrangement of
colours/fonts associated with the current user.
The acquisition window is composed by the following areas:
x One line with the title (the title bar) containing the name of the database on
which the trace is being recorded and the patient data.
x A line containing the menus (the menu bar).
x The upper toolbar (a set of icons and buttons) right under the menu bar.
x The lower toolbar under the upper one.
x The trace area in the middle.
x An area with trace identifiers (montage labels) on the left of the traces area.
x A “status” line at the bottom.

All the operations can be performed selecting the corresponding menu items, but
the ones used more frequently are also connected to specific buttons in the two
toolbars.
The toolbars can be moved according to the Windows style, or can be “hidden” on
request (menu “Window”).

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3.3.1 ACQUISITION - UPPER TOOLBAR

x The three “acquisition mode” buttons (EEG, CALIBRATION, and

IMPEDANCE CHECK) are mutually exclusive: only one of them can be
active in a certain moment. Selecting a different mode implies the deactivation
of the current one.
x The FLASH button opens (or closes) the FLASH stimulator management
dialog. Details about this are given later on in this section.
x In order to remind the user that the signals on the screen are only shown and
NOT STORED on disk, the traces window title bar flashes and contains the
message “NOT RECORDING”.
x Storage on disk can be freely turned on and off as many times as desired, by
clicking on the “record” icon (the one with a red circle).
x Real time writing (Analog outputs) can be freely turned on and off, clicking on
the related button, as many times as desired. Of course this is valid only for
system which have a real-time writer (or an Analog output hardware) installed.

3.3.2 ACQUISITION - LOWER TOOLBAR

This toolbar shows controls and information about the digital processing and
display. It can have two different layouts depending whether it is in POOL EEG
or SINGLE TRACE mode.

In the POOL EEG mode all the parameters (Sensitivity, Filters) are applied AT
THE SAME TIME on all the traces declared as EEG in the current montage.
In this case only one Sensitivity value (which is a trace attribute) and one pair of
filters are displayed, as all the EEG electrodes will undergo the same filtering.

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The POOL EEG mode can be selected at any time clicking on the button shown
above, or in the montage labels area, in the space between two labels.

The SINGLE TRACE mode allows modification of the display parameters of a

single trace (derivation). In this case the sensitivity selected by the user is applied
only on the selected trace, whose identifiers appear on the left in the toolbar, and
the filters can be selected independently for the two electrodes that make up the
derivation.
Note that if the second electrode of the derivation is the reference electrode (RF)
or the average reference (AR), the toolbar shows only the filters for the first
electrode.

In order to select a trace, click on its label on the left of the traces window. In this
mode, all the sensitivity changes are performed only on the selected trace shown
in a different colour (user-definable).

The filters can be managed independently for the negative and positive electrode.
Note that the filtering performed on an electrode (for example F8) will be
“echoed” on all the derivations that contain that electrode.

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3.3.3 CALIBRATION / EEG MODE

The button switches to CALIBRATION mode.

A square wave signal with 1 Hz frequency and a calibrated amplitude that can be
selected by the user, is injected at the “entrance” of the processing chain,

NOTE
For a more detailed explanation about calibration mode of EBNeuro amplifier input
signals, please refer to the dedicated section of the corresponding amplifier
manuals.

The current montage is automatically substituted by a special monopolar montage

made up of as many traces as the number of acquired electrodes, in order to allow
the user to view the behaviour of ALL the amplifiers in use.
User can therefore evaluate the behaviour of the whole processing chain from the
first amplification stages to the presentation on screen.

When returning to EEG mode, the user montage selected before the calibration
will be automatically restored. To exit from the calibration mode just click on the
EEG mode button.

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The button puts the system in the “normal” working condition: the amplifiers
input is connected to the electrodes that pick-up the bioelectrical signal on the
patient’s body, and the traces shown are the result of the differences of potential
as defined by the current montage.

3.3.4 OHMMETER

The measurement of the electrodes contact impedance can be accomplished

clicking on the button on the upper toolbar.

The system will display the calculated value both in “graphical” form and in
“numerical” as showed in the two following figures

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The values are in the range from 1 to 100 KOhm: if the measurement should
exceed the upper limit, the value of 100 KOhm will be shown.

In the “Impedance Display” table, to any electrodes (cephalic or bipolar) is

associated a coloured circle, the colour of which ranges in the chromatic palette
on the left of the symbolic head. The circle colour will be near RED when the
impedance value overcome the threshold (threshold chosen by the user, or set in
the acquisition preset; see Chap. 1); while it will be near GREEN when the
impedance value is under the threshold.

In the “Impedance List” table the impedance values of all electrodes are shown:
for every electrode, if its value overcomes the threshold, a red circle appears in the
left column.

For the differential bipolar inputs of the XT24/32 and WB24/32 the value shown
doesn’t represent the contact impedance of the electrode connected to the patient
(in this case there are two electrodes) but how much the positive and the negative
electrodes are unbalanced.

For the differential inputs of the Basis BE amplifier ( A,B, ...H ) both the value of
the positive lead and the negative lead are measured and shown.

To close the impedance measurement and return to the normal display, click the x
button on the impedance dialog.

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3.3.5 REAL TIME PRINTER

This button manages the start/stop of the real time printing. If correctly set, once
printing process starts, thermal paper will be printed out with the speed selected in
the relative item under the Trace menu (see after). In particular, the printed pages
will present in the upper side the following informations:
1. the sensitivity set in Trace Viewer;
2. the filter values set in the viewer;
3. the Page Speed;
4. the Relative and Absolute Time corresponding either to the first printed
second or to the first second of the current page;
5. Event labels inserted in acquisition during real-time printing; Annotation and
Spot labels already inserted in the trace, or inserted successively during
review.

In the lower side there are the following information:

1. the Printing Date
2. the Patient Name
3. the patient date of birth

The printed trace area contains the traces displayed as the current montage, but the
printer doesn’t accept more than 24 traces.

NOTE
If one or more traces are filtered with different filter values from the POOL EEG
ones, the corresponding value, printed on the upper page, will be the more used
one among POOL traces, described with 3 stars (***)

NOTE
Real time printing of data acquired with BENET interface and with a sampling rate
higher than 512 Hz is not allowed.

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3.3.6 FLASH STIMULATOR MANAGEMENT

The FLASH stimulator can be used in 2 different ways:

AUTO: in this case the stimulator automatically follows a “program” which can
be defined by the user (in the Preset Editor Chapter 1). Such a program will
control the stimulation, as the rate of the flashes generated by the lamp can change
in time (increase, decrease, hold) with definable speed and times.
During the execution of an automatic program the user can at any time “stop” the
program keeping the stimulation on (HOLD) or temporarily disabling the
stimulation (PAUSE).
The user can define eight different programs and can choose at any time which
one to execute.
How programs are created and modified is described in the section of this manual
relative to the presets.

MANUAL: the stimulation rate is manually controlled through a potentiometer

on the dedicated keyboard, or by the specific graphic component on the software
interface of the Flash Stimulator Manager.

In each mode, the user can change, as well as the stimulation rate, also the “flash”
energy, choosing one of the allowed values for the stimulator installed on the
hardware hosting the GALILEO NT software.

The stimulator is controlled through a specific software interface that appears

when the user clicks on the stimulator button on the upper toolbar (see images in
the previous pages).

Above, the Stimulator Flash window that appears once clicked the stimulator
button (compact view). The button under the START button allows the complete
view of the window:

Interface description:
x The working mode are mutually exclusive and must be chosen in the list on
the inferior right side (the user will choose “Manual” for the manual mode, or
the name of the program for the automatic mode). Of course only one mode
can be active at a certain moment.

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x Changing mode will stop an active stimulation. In other words, any stimulation
mode always starts with the stimulation turned “OFF”.
x Energy and automatic program can be changed ONLY when the stimulation is
OFF.
x The HOLD and PAUSE keys are enabled only when in AUTO mode, as they
have no meaning in the other modes.
x In the compact view (available only during stimulation) the working mode is
shown (inferior side of the small window) with all parameters of stimulation.

The stimulator can be switched to the “ON” state (flash active), pressing the
START button, or to the “OFF (flash inactive) pressing the STOP button (it’s the
same button that changes meaning depending on the stimulation state).

The frequency is changed with the potentiometer on the dedicated keyboard, or by

the graphic potentiometer on the Flash Stimulator window. The frequency
selection, in this case, is made or by dragging the indicator with the mouse cursor,
or with the key “n” and “p” on the keyboard. The selected value will appear on
the left label (during stimulation, the value is continuously up graded , with the
corresponding value sent by the stimulation hardware). The energy step can be set
or directly dragging the mouse cursor on the “Energy” coloured bar (the selection
will be confirmed with a mouse left click), or with the keyboard key “+” and “-“.
Energy can be changed also during stimulation.

NOTE
There is a limit in Flash stimulation for Frequency versus Energy. In details, the
maximum stimulation frequency allowed at the energy maximum value is around
20 – 23 Hz for BE head-boxes.

In the AUTO mode, when the stimulation is ON, the following commands are
available:

Hold stops execution of the program holding the current stimulation rate,
leaving the stimulation active (the lamp goes on flashing). Pressing
HOLD again the normal execution of the program will be resumed.

Pause similar to the HOLD key, but the lamp will be turned off.

Prev stops the current program and starts its execution from the
PREVIOUS step (see the Preset section for all the details about
how a flash program is structured).

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Next stops the current program and starts its execution from the
FOLLOWING step (see the Preset section for all the details about
how a flash program is structured).

Note that the energy of an automatic program can be changed from the
programmed one, but switching to another program the energy will be re-set on
the value specified inside that program.

3.3.7 THE STATE MANAGER

From this icon on the acquisition upper toolbar, user accesses to the State
Manager. This tool, available only during data recording, allows user to insert,
both automatically and manually, a pre-defined state that can be followed also by
a generic “Post State”. The available states are those defined in the acquisition
preset, user can select the chosen state (for ex. IPERIPNEA), then he can decide if
inserting it in an automatic way (checking the “Auto” item) or in a manual way
(checking the “Manual” item). In Automatic, he has to set the state duration in the
apposite boxes (“State Duration”: minutes and seconds), while, in Manual, the
duration of the state will be decided during acquisition by the user himself,
opening and closing it by means of “START” and “STOP” buttons. If user needs
to insert a Post State after the chosen one, he has only to check the “YES” button
on the “Post State” area and to configure its duration in the “P-State duration”
boxes, in this case enabled. Checking “NO”, no Post State will be added after the
inserted state.

Furthermore, this Stay-On-Top window, displays duration count down (both

during automatic state and post state insertion) and gives the following warnings:
x Visual warning: when 30 seconds lack to the end if the state the “Count
Down” writing gets yellow coloured.
x Acoustic warning: when 10 seconds lack to the end if the state the “Count
Down” writing gets red coloured and for each of the last 10 seconds a “beep”
is given out.

In review, user will see on the trace (and on the navigator bar), not only the black
selection relative to the inserted state, but also the Post State one, positioned
immediately after the previous.

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The automatic state insertion can be closed preventively by means of the “STOP”
button. In this case, if a post state is set, the system automatically switches to the
post state insertion, that however, can be stopped preventively.

During this kind of state/post state insertion, any other way of state inserting is
disabled (short cuts, keyboard accelerators, mouse).

User can only insert event on the trace and use the calibration, impedance and
EEG mode. Opening the Ohm Meter Window will send immediately the State
manager Window on the upper right side of the screen so to do not overlap this 2
applications.

3.3.8 Vertical Split

This controls, that gets active after 20 seconds of data recordings on disk, allows
to open a review window for the recording trace. This further window will be
automatically tiled vertical to the on-line window. This control gets inactive once
launched; not more than 2 EEG window are allowed inside Galileo NT Viewer.

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3.3.9 INSERTING EVENTS DURING THE ACQUISITION

In Galileo, event (message, spot, state or annotation) can be freely entered on the
trace during the acquisition process, provided that the storage on disk is enabled.

Events can be inserted in two different ways: with “accelerator keys” or with a
menu, that can be opened with the mouse.

3.3.9.1 Accelerator keys – Spot Messages

There are accelerator keys (or combinations of keys on the PC keyboard) for each
event defined in the acquisition preset. The attribution of events to accelerator
keys is made in the Preset Editor (see Chapter 1). Obviously, accelerators
correspond to the spot defined in the acquisition preset.

CONTROL+1, CONTROL +2 … CONTROL +0 or A, B, C, …., Z

3.3.9.2 Accelerator keys - States

There are accelerator keys (or combinations of keys on the PC keyboard) for each
state defined in the acquisition preset.

SHIFT+1, SHIFT+2 … SHIFT+0 or A, B, C, …., Z

The key starts – at the current acquisition point – the insertion of correspondent
state message (as defined in the acquisition preset). The state will remain active
until it is turned off, with the same accelerator, or by inserting another state.
While the state is active, on the status bar a stopwatch will be displayed, showing
the duration and the name of the state.

Del Disable the current status (if any enabled).

3.3.9.3 Accelerator keys – Annotations

Ins (or Insert)

Opens a small dialog box in which the desired annotation can be entered.
Regardless the time needed to type it, the annotation will be inserted exactly in the
point corresponding to the moment in which the Ins key has been pressed on the
trace window.

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NOTE
The “CONTROL+1” notation means that the user must press the “1” key while the
CONTROL (or CTRL) key is kept pressed.
The “SHIFT+1” notation means that the user must the “1” while the SHIFT key is
kept pressed.

3.3.9.4 Inserting events from the menu

During the acquisition, double-clicking with the left mouse button on any part of
the traces area, a menu will be shown containing all the events defined in the
current preset.
From the menu it is possible to choose an event that will be inserted in the trace at
the point on which the double-click has been performed.

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3.4 ACQUISITION OF A VIDEO EEG TRACE

Acquiring a trace with VIDEO EEG means that while trace data is stored in the
usual way, the system also records the video information coming from an external
camera in order to monitor the behaviour of the patient and its relationships with
the trace.
During the replay stage the system allows to review the recorded trace and the
video information synchronously.

In order to start a synchronous trace/video recording, the selected trace type in the
preset must be VIDEO-EEG (see chapter about presets).

In this case the system will perform all the operations needed for the video
recording together with the trace file.
The system will write the video file (which typically has a large size, being a
collection of images that – even compressed – take a considerable amount of
space on disk) on one of the drives that (during the installation process) have been
enabled to store such information.

If the system has been configured with more than a drives for this purpose, you
will be asked which one is to be used during the acquisition that is going to start.

Once chosen the storage drive for the video file (if prompted), the acquisition
starts in the usual way, with the difference that the video window will appear on
the monitor, showing in real-time the images coming from the camera.

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Video EEG recording is driven only by the “Record” button on the Galileo EEG
viewer. Starting storage on disk from this button, will automatically start Video
storage.

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3.4.1 THE VIDEO WINDOW

Following, a detailed description of the whole Galileo NT Video EEG main

window.

3.4.1.1 The Video Frame

This frame, according to the resolution size set in the acquisition preset, will show
the complete image coming from the video capture device configured for the
acquisition.

3.4.1.2 The upper toolbar

The state of acquisition appears on the blue title bar ([REC] if the system is
storing video data on disk, [PAUSE] if it is not storing video data on disk and
[WARNING] if for any reason, the video acquisition system, is loosing frames)
next to the indications of relative and absolute time of the recording date.

During the whole recording there are only four active buttons on the video
toolbar:

1. “Stop Capture” button: to stop only the video acquisition

2. “Zoom Video”: to perform zooming on the image

3. “Normal Size” button: to show the video window with the dimension set
in the acquisition preset

4. “Full Screen” button: to extend video window dimension to the monitor

size

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NOTE
To “escape” from the Full Screen visualization, use the “ESC” key or the “Normal
Size” button either the “Full Screen” one.

Stopping video acquisition

Since the acquisition of both video and trace is very heavy, overall because of the
occupation of space on the hard-disk, Galileo NT Video EEG system, allows user
to stop video storage, keeping on the EEG acquisition. This is required meanly
during long term monitoring of the patient, for example, when patient is quiet and
doctors don’t assume video data to be a further information to understand patient
state. To stop video capture, there is the “Stop Capture” on the video toolbar, from
that moment the video toolbar will be the one shown below:

5. “Start Capture” button: available once stop video recording. It is used to

start again video capture.

User can restart video recording whenever he wants. This process grants for
continuity of synchronization, between video and trace, also after the re-starting of
video storage.

3.4.1.3 The lower Status Bar

This status bar is normally empty, but for particular configuration, it can show the
following information about video capture:

1. Number of captured frames from recording start.

2. Number of loosed (dropped) frames from recording start (normally this

number should be 0).

3. Number of seconds from start of recording.

4. Frame rate set in the acquisition preset (depending on the video acquisition
device characteristics).

5. Resolution of the video set in the acquisition preset (depending on the

video acquisition device characteristics).

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3.4.2 VIDEO DIGITAL ZOOM

Exploiting the video image resolution of a VIDEOEEG trace, it is given the user
the possibility to perform on it an highly configurable digital zoom, available both
in acquisition and in review. This function will be very useful to inspect portions
of the video image, to stir inside the same image, searching for important details
and to effect the acquisition video focusing on a particular zone of the image;
always maintaining the synchronism with the EEG data file.

Through the dedicated icon on the video window toolbar, a further panel (zoom
frame) will appear inside the window video, representing the scaled window
video.

The proportions with which this frame can be sized respect to the window size, is
different and goes from 1 (the zoom frame is in 1:1 scale with the video window)
to 10 (the zoom frame is in 1:10 scale with the video window).

In the figure above the proportional factor between zoom frame and video
window is 5.

Inside the zoom frame, a red-edged panel appears, that represents the portion of
image indeed displayed. User, at this point can inspect the total image both
moving with the cursor inside the zoom frame, and, according to the
configurations, exploiting or the mouse pointer click (“Arrows”) or the dragging
the mouse pointer on the video window (“Drag and Drop”).

For further implementations of the image zoom, dedicated keys can be used; the
“Zoom In” through the “+”key (plus) and the “Zoom Out” through the “-” one
(minus). The system can subsequently be configured to the same functionalities
with the “Pag Up” and “Pag Dn.” keys.

NOTE
The configuration of the video eeg zoom is of pertinence of the EBNeuro technical
personnel or of an experienced user opportunely trained by EBNeuro.

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3.5 THE ACQUISTION WINDOW MENU

3.5.1 FILE MENU

Vertical Split After 20 seconds of data recording on disk, this control

gets active and opens a review window for current data
trace. This window tiles vertically the on-line trace, during
its acquisition. Once Split Vertical is launched, this control
gets inactive (system doesn’t bear more than 2 EEG
windows into Galileo NT viewer).

Exit stops the acquisition, closing the file, and exits from
GALILEO NT returning to the Windows desktop.

3.5.2 TRACES MENU

Write On Disk

Enables or disables the storage on disk of the acquired data

Analog Output

Enables Analog outputs and starts printing on the real-time printer (if some is
defined in the system).

Flash

Same function as the button (see related section)

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State manager

Same function as the button (see related section)

Use

Same function as the button (see related section)

Calibration

Same function as the button (see related section)

Ohmmeter

Same function as the button (see related section)

Real Time Writer

Select the paper speed of the real-time writer

Start next file

Enables continuous acquisition on the current file for monitoring exams (not yet
implemented).

Trace Setting

Shows a summary with the traces parameters (sensitivity, status, etc. – see
LIBRARIES, Montage Editor for a detailed description of this form)

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3.5.3 TOOLS MENU

Graphic Option

Allows the setting of some parameters related to the color palette to be used while
transferring images to the Windows clipboard or when an image (i.e. the traces
window) is saved on file.

Filter Setting

Opens the summary table containing the filters on the acquired electrodes for the
current trace. The table (see diagram below) also allows editing of the values to be
applied. The same operations can be performed with the controls on the
processing toolbar, but this view can be useful to have an “overall view”.

Montage Option

Recalls a dialog box in which a montage can be selected (in the same way as if it
was selected from the main toolbar) or the montage editor can be invoked in order
to manage the montages (edit existing montages or create new ones).
The user can select a montage from the file (On Trace) or picking the a montage
from the general montage library (Library) in this last case the montage will
become part of the montage linked to the file. (see also chapter 6)

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User parameter settings

This window, available both in acquisition and in replay, gives the user (whose
name appears on the title bar) the possibility to edit the parameters used to show
data on Galileo viewer. These settings goes from the trace area colour to the Batch
print setting and the digital filter values.

The filter configuration is available only for user INSTALLER. WRITER and
READER will be prompted the following window, accessing the “Filters” section:

Setting modification will be saved only by closing this window with the “Save”
button, otherwise (“Cancel” button) no modification will be kept. For Filter
Settings and map representation, changes will be actualised only next time the
same user will open a trace, while any other change will be actualised
immediately.

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Display:

This section is to customize the way of presentation of traces and events or states,
on the viewer.

Show Events Enables or disables the display of Events (in a

global all/none way)

Show second grid Enables or disables the display of time grids

Show trace area Enables or disables the display of frame

around the trace area

Show Horizontal scroll bar Enables or disables the display of scroll bar
(under the traces area)

Colours This section is to customize the colours of

some areas of the window and of different
kind of channels

EEG Channels Allows to choose the colour of the traces made

of channels described with “EEG” type in the
acquisition preset

Polygraphic Channels Allows to choose the colour of the traces made

of channels described with “Poly” type in the
acquisition preset

Highlighted Channels Allows to choose the colour of the traces

selected on the viewer (selection is made by
means of the mouse cursor on the trace label)

Window background Allows to choose the colour of the window

background (the one around the trace area)

Trace background Allows to choose the colour of the trace

background ( the one where traces are drawn)

Font Allows the user to customize fonts (and

colour) of some text areas on the window (as
montage labels, events…).

Label Allows to choose the colour of montage labels

on the window background.

Events Allows to choose the colour of spot, state and

selection name on the trace background.

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Show plug-in choose form on replay start

This flag allows the user to be prompted or not with the “Available Tools”
window opening the trace.

Maps - 2D Maps enabled

This flag, if checked, makes available the 2-Dimension representation of Potential

and Spectral Maps (otherwise 3-Dimension representation is shown).

VIDEO-EEG – VEEG Fast-forward speed

Sets the speed of video EEG fast forward replay (theoretically, available values
range from 1 to 10, but the maximum value of reproduction is strictly conditioned
by the computer performances).

Batch Print:

The background print module needs some information to do its work. To

view/modify the parameters that influences the batch printing select this section:
the following window will be shown.

You can choose various parameters of the batch print mechanism:

- The font of the montage labels (”Label Font”)
- The font of the time information displayed along the axis of the page (“Axis
Font”)
- The font used to print the event (“Event Font”)
- If printing or do not printing the time grid (“Grid”), the sensitivity of each
trace (“Sensitivity”),the events (“Events”) and the current montage name
(“Acq. Montage”)
- The time length of the page (”Page Speed”)
- The EEG trace line width.

If in the trace there are more than one PRINT selection, with different length, the
batch print, for every selection, will give the printing of one or more pages, whose

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length is given by the “Page Speed” setting. (also if the selection duration is lower
than the Page Speed value).

Once saved the settings will be valid until modified

Filters:

This section is dedicated to the Digital Filter configuration (type and values).
These filters are available to user when he displays traces on the screen (both in
replay and acquisition). As we said before, this configuration is permitted only to
INSTALLER user.

Choosing type of low-pass digital filters

By checking the “Low pass filters TC” flag, user will choose to display Low-Pass
filter value by means of time constant (sec), otherwise these values will be in the
frequency domain (Hz). The not available Low-Pass filter list will be greyed as
we can see in the figure above for the Low Pass filter list.

Editing new value for digital filters

User can edit/add filter value simply by mouse clicking on the “N/A” box. Indeed
the values that precede the “-----“ are fixed, but from this point on user can
add/edit new values. In the window above, user added 1.33 Hz and 1.5 Hz. This
operation, next time the same user will open the trace, will result in an up-grading
of available LP filter values on the “processing” toolbar of Galileo viewer.

State event manager

Shows the State Manager window (see Par. 3.3.7).

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3.5.4 REPORT MENU

There are two type of report in GALILEO NT: the Patient Report, called also
Patient History which is linked to a patient and the Data Report which is linked
to each recording.

Both are electronic document managed by system software (typically the internal
GALILEO NT editor or Microsoft WORD).
For a complete description on how to create your own report template see chapter
7.
However, report generation/editing is not available during trace acquisition, since
sometimes this operation can hinder data acquisition flow. To avoid this we make
report generation available only from database main window.

3.5.5 WINDOW MENU

Contains the typical Windows commands to:

x enable or disable (hide) the toolbars
x copy the traces page to the Windows clipboard, from where it can then be
imported to other documents.
x save the traces page (as an image) to a file.
x arrange the GALILEO NT windows in the standard modes.

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CHAPTER 4
EEG/VIDEO-EEG RECORDING REVIEWER (REPLAY)

4.1 OVERVIEW

With the terms “replay” or “review” we indicate the “opening” of a data file
(acquired since some times) and all the operation the user can perform in order to:
x display the acquired data in various form
x “browse” in any part of the tracing
x “mark” or annotate any significant event on the tracing
x select some part of the tracing to do successive elaboration
x open or the Data Report or the Patient History to write on any wanted
annotation.
x print some part of the recording

The following sections treat only of the “EEG” (EEG, VIDEO-EEG) data type.
Other data type (example EP, EMG) that the GALILO NT PMS can manage have
their own manuals. Please refer to the relative documentation.

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4.2 OPENING A DATA FILE FOR REPLAY

This operation can be performed both from the Patient List tab and from the Data
List tab.

From the Patient List

When the Patient List window is activated, the lower part of that window show
the recording linked to the current (selected) Patient.
To open a recording
- Select the Patient of which you want to examine a recording.
- Select the wanted recording among the various he can have
- Click the View Data button or double click in any point of he line containing
the selected recording.

From the Data List

x Make the Recording you want to examine the current record simply clicking on
any point of the line containing it.
x Click the View Data button or double click in any point of he line containing
the selected recording.

Selection of tools of add-in software

Opening the trace (if the system was correctly configured) the “Available Tools”
window is shown to the user. Here he can choose which of the post-processing
(bought) software making available in replay:

The following pages will illustrate the various feature of GALILEO NT

VIEWER.

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4.3 THE REPLAY WINDOW

The following diagram shows a typical sample of the traces display during the
replay of an EEG trace.

The significant elements (that will be described in the following pages) are:
x the title bar
x the menu bar
x the “main” toolbar
x the “montage” toolbar
x the “filter” toolbar
x the “navigator” bar
x the traces area
x the status line

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4.3.1 THE TITLE BAR

The Title bar simply show the name of the database where the trace is stored, next
to the name of the Patient the recording is related to.

4.3.2 THE STATUS BAR

The status bar show some important information about the recording

1. The “absolute” time (time of the day) referred to the first second (the leftmost
one) of the displayed page.
2. The “time” duration of the entire recording.
3. The time of the first second displayed (the leftmost one) “relative” to the
beginning of the recording (called also the “elapsed” time).
4. The date on which the recording was made.
5. Eventually, if the cursor to scan the trace is present on the replay window, this
number represents its time position (hh:mm:ss,msec) relative to the beginning
of the current page.

Depending on the operation performed, some other information can be showed in

the status bar. When applicable, this will described in the following sections.

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4.4 THE “MAIN” TOOLBAR

Prints the current page on the system printer

When a recording is opened for reading, GALILEO NT can build four different
windows of the acquired data: the traces, the representation as potential maps, as
frequency maps and the display in the frequency domain (spectra). The four
buttons open each of the four views. The last two may be actually enabled or not
depending on the type of license the user has acquired from EBNeuro (and by
means of the “Available Tools” Window shown accessing the data trace).

This controls, that gets active after 20 seconds of data recordings on disk, allows
to open a review window for opened EEG/VideoEEG trace. This further window
will be automatically tiled vertical to the first window. This control gets inactive
once launched; not more than 2 EEG window are allowed inside Galileo NT
Viewer.

4.5 THE “MONTAGE” TOOLBAR

This toolbar contains some buttons and two drop-down list.

The scope of each of them is described below.

Opens the page length (temporal window) selection list.

Opens the montage selection list.

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NOTE
The selection of a montage from those contained in the file can be performed by
simply opening the list and selecting the desired montage

The first montage in the list is always the “Acquisition” one: by selecting this
montage the system will use exactly the same montages and with the same
sequence used during the acquisition.

With this mode, moving along the trace, in each point the system will
automatically activate the montage that was selected in that point during the
acquisition, showing its name in the montage control.
In order to show which mode is active, when the “ACQ MONTAGE” mode is
selected, the montage names will be shown in the montage control followed by an
(A).

To disable this mode, just select another montage from the list, and that montage
will remain until another is selected with no regards to the montage used during
the acquisition.

The four buttons move the displayed portion of the trace one page backwards
(<<), one second backwards (<), one second forward (>) and one page forward
(>>).
(further details in the following pages)

Enables or disables the automatic replay (further details in the following pages)

Enables/Disables real time printing (when present on the system)

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4.6 THE “FILTER” TOOLBAR

The explanation about the processing toolbar is exactly the same as that described
in the chapter about ACQUISITION.

Please check that section of manual for more details.

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4.7 THE NAVIGATOR BAR

When “reviewing” a trace, the user needs to quickly move in different directions
on the recording, further he needs to know immediately which portions of the
recording can be significant as somehow highlighted during the acquisition.

The navigation bar and the trace “browsing” controls in GALIEO NT are the
answer to these requirements.

4.7.1 INFORMATION ABOUT THE TRACE

The navigation bar represents a summary of the trace from the point of view of its
length and ALL the annotations (messages, states, notes, system states) that have
been inserted during the whole acquisition process.

It is represented by a thin red bar whose length represents the WHOLE recording.
in cases of recordings shorter than one hour; (the case of longer recordings is
discussed further on) and for simplicity only those shorter than one hour will be
described for the moment.

The red bar can have some “white” zone: this represent the times during which the
acquisition was “paused”.
Inside the red bar there is a small blue area that represents the position and the
length of the displayed page.
Above the red bar there are small vertical lines that represent the points where
“spot messages” or “annotations” have been inserted into the trace.
Still above the red bar there can be areas with different colours (small rectangles)
that show the relative position and duration of “user-inserted states” or “system
states” like, for example, calibration, impedance test, flash stimulator on, etc.

The diagram below represents a typical example.

Moving the mouse pointer over the red bar and on the symbols connected to it, a
set of useful information can be obtained.

The following diagrams provide some examples of the different situations.

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Placing the mouse pointer over any point of the navigator bar, the “tool tip” that
automatically appears shows the absolute acquisition time at the point identified
by the mouse pointer.

Placing the mouse pointer over any point of the coloured bar of a state, the “tool
tip” that automatically appears shows the name of the inserted state and the
elapsed acquisition time from the starting of the status to the point identified by
the mouse pointer.

If the mouse pointer is placed over a vertical bar representing a message or an

annotation, the “tool tip” that automatically appears shows the name of the
message inserted at that point and the absolute acquisition time at that point.

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4.7.2 THE NAVIGATOR BAR WITH LONG RECORDING

The above section described the navigator bar when the recording length is less
than one hour.

If the recording duration is more than one hour the navigator bar will look as in
the figure below:

The navigator is now formed by two “bars”: the upper which represent the entire
recording and the lower which is the “zoomed” view of the “current” hour.
The information inside the two bars are exactly the same and have the meaning
described in the previous section.

When double clicking in any point of the upper bar immediately the system select
60 minutes of recording centred on the selected point and displays the lower bar
accordingly (from the selected time – 30 minutes to the selected time + 30
minutes); the current page becomes the one related to the time selected with the
double click on the upper bar.

When “browsing” along the recording (see next section) both the bars are updated
with the rule described.

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The “Two Bars” visualization, can be disabled, with a right-click of the mouse
pointer on one of the navigators and just selecting the “One/Two bars” item.

To recover the “Two bars” mode, it’s necessary to do the same thing and select
again the “One/Two bars” item.

4.7.3 MOVING ACROSS THE TRACE

The navigation bar, besides providing the information described in the previous
page, allows the user to move quickly from one point of the trace to another.

In particular, if we denote with “DC” the “double click with the left mouse key”
operation, we have the following functions:
x DC on any point of the navigator bar: the display will immediately move to
the point of the recording identified by the position of the mouse. (this is true
for both the navigator bars when applicable – see previous sections)
x DC on a vertical bar representing a message: the display will immediately
move to the point identified by that message, centring on it the current page.
x DC on a part of a rectangle representing a state: the display will immediately
move to the point identified by that state, centring on it the current page.

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Once the desired point has been reached, the user can move with the “standard”
display movement commands that are summarized below.

or key o moves in time one second forward.

or key PgDown moves one page forward

(the actual movement in seconds depends on the page length).

or key m moves one second backwards.

or key PgUp moves one page backwards.

(the actual movement in seconds depends on the page length).

key Home jumps to the beginning of the recording.

key End jumps to the end of the recording.

Another way to move on the trace is the “automatic replay”.

This modality can be enabled or disabled through the button shown on the left.
The ESC key disable immediately the automatic replay mode.

Enabling the automatic replay, the system will automatically show the trace page
by page, moving forward in time without the need of clicking or pressing any key.

The speed at which the pages are shown can be controlled by setting the delay in
milliseconds between two pages.

This parameter can be modified through an option in the “Trace” menu that will
be described later.

During the automatic replay, the movement of the pages can be stopped and
restarted from the same point pressing on the spacebar of the keyboard or
clicking on the auto replay button.

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4.8 THE EVENTS

In general, “EVENTS” are all the annotations (messages, states, notes) that
accompany a trace.
An event is described by its type, its position on the trace file, and possibly from
its duration.

In GALILEO NT the following event types are defined:

Message (Spot Message) This is an event inserted by the user, made up of a

short comment (not more than 16 characters, it
does not accept null strings). It is defined from its
position on the trace and has no duration. As
described in the chapter 6, the user can pre-define
a set of messages and then “attach” one of them
to the trace at a selected point, both during
acquisition and replay.

Annotation This is similar to the “spot” message, but in this

case the user can insert at the selected point a real
multi-line comment and not only a short string.

State (Status Message) This is similar to the “spot” message (not more
than 16 characters, it does not accept null strings),
but it has a duration. The user can select the start
and the end points of a certain state. As usual the
user can pre-define a State set, in the same way as
the “spot” events.

Selection User can “mark” portions of the trace of arbitrary

length, in order to apply to them particular kinds
of “processing”. Some examples are the “print”
selections for Batch printing (the selected
portions will be printed in off-line mode by the
appropriate utility) or the “transfer” selections (as
User option, during a copy or back-up operation,
ONLY the selected areas will be transferred or
backed up).

In the section of this manual about the Navigator, it has been described how the
events are “graphically” shown to the user. Of course the navigator provides an
approximate value of the position of the single events (the resolution depends on
the relation between the graphic pixels along the horizontal axis of the monitor
and the actual duration of the trace).

There is of course a way to know the exact situation of events (how many are
present in the trace, and where they are exactly, etc.); this will be described in the
following sections.

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4.8.1 DISPLAY OF EVENTS ON THE TRACE

In the previous pages we described how the events are shown on the Navigator
bar.
The way in which events “falling” in the current page are shown, is explained in
the following diagram:

The presence of three “spot” events is shown.

NOTE
The position of an event is entered with 1 millisecond resolution, and with such
resolution the information is stored on the file.
The position on the display depends of course from the resolution of the screen.

x A spot event is shown by the identifying string (its name), written vertically
inside the second in which the event is found.

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x A state is shown by writing an horizontal line on the display. The line is

written on all the seconds in which such a state is active. If more than one state
is active in one zone of the tracing more line will be displayed.

x A selection is shown by writing an horizontal line on the display. The line is

written on all the seconds in which such a selection is active. If more than one
selections is active in one zone of the tracing more line will be displayed.

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x An annotation is not shown writing its content (that can be considerably long)
but writing in the corresponding second the “Annotation” string.

To “see” the content “hidden” under that name, just double-click on the
“Annotation” string. A dialog box showing the entire annotation will be displayed

From the above dialog box you can:

x Modify the text of the annotation : click on the text and modify it as required.
x Remove the annotation from the recording : click the Remove button.

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4.8.2 EVENTS DISPLAY FILTER

If the user doesn’t want to view the event labels on the trace viewer (because they
confuse the layout or because, for example, he doesn’t want the messages to
appear in printed pages), it is possible to completely hide all the events in two
ways: a global one to show/hide all the event labels on the EEG layout and an
accurate one to show/hide only certain events or a group of them.

The first way to hide from the trace viewer all the inserted events, is that of de-
selecting the “Show Events” item from the “Graphic” section of the “User
Settings” tool. This tool can be accessed both from the “Tools” menu and with the
right-click of the mouse on the trace window.

The most accurate way to hide one or more events from the trace display can be
accessed with a right-click of the mouse anywhere on the navigator bar, choosing
the Show/Hide item.

A dialog box will appear, with the event display filter:

The Filter section is used to set the type of events to show in the left list.
Once selected the type of events, the display status of the whole event list can be
modified using the two buttons in the Selection section (green light: event shown;
red light: event hidden).

Also the status of a single event can be changed, by right-clicking on its name into
the list, and selecting the appropriate item.

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4.8.3 EVENTS LIST - EDITING / SEARCH

Selecting the Search/Select option from the event menu, obtained by a right-
click on the navigator area, gives access to a dialog. This shows a summary of the
event situation, providing the complete list and allowing the user to perform
several operations (Selection and Search dialog).

NOTE
This dialog can also be opened by double-clicking on the name of any event on the
trace (except annotations, for which the content of the annotation itself is shown).

The list shows the events in chronological order, with temporal position and
duration. Of course duration is zero for spots and annotation events.

On the right, the Filter section allows to show only certain types of events (“All
Events”) or a specific event (“Single Event Type”), that can be repeated several
times along the trace. The number of events found in the list (“Number of Events
Retrieved”) is shown in the top right section and depends on the event filter
settings).

An event can be selected from the list by clicking on its name: the line containing
the event will be highlighted in blue.

The three buttons under the list have the following functions:

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Go !
closes the Search/Select dialog and moves to the display point on the trace, where
the selected event is to be found, centring it in the current window.

NOTE
After this kind of “seek”, the F3 and F4 keys will move the display back to the
previous (backward search) or onto the next (forward search) occurrence of the
specified event. These commands can also be found in the events menu (right-
click on the navigator area).

Prev Event
selects, from the event list, the event with the same name that comes immediately
before the selected one, and selects it.

Next Event
selects, from the event list, the event with the same name that comes immediately
after the selected one, and selects it.

The three buttons in the Edit section have the following meaning.

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Edit single Event

With this command, the parameters of the selected event can be changed:
position, duration (if the event type allows it), or name. This is done by inserting
another event from the list or entering a new event type.

For the annotations the editing dialog is necessarily different from the one for a
spot or state.

Remove Single Events

Deletes the selected event (after asking for confirmation)

Remove Group of Events

The action is performed on a category of events (All Events) or on all the
occurrences of the selected type (Single Event Type).
Confirmation is required before accomplishing the deletion.
In the example on the right, all the occurrences of the “Artefatto” event will be
deleted. As deletion is permanent and unrecoverable, we recommend to pay
particular attention when performing this operation.

Close
This command closes the events Search/Selection dialog.

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4.8.4 ENTERING NEW EVENTS ON THE TRACE DURING REPLAY

In the previous sections we described how to view, modify or delete the events
that are already present on the trace during the replay. We still have to understand
how the user can enter an event of the selected type in the desired position.

The insertion of an event can be done on the current page or directly on the
navigation bar. The second method of course doesn’t allow precise setting of the
input point (especially with long traces) but is very useful when a long portion of
the trace has to be marked; in this case speed and ease are more important than
accuracy setting the start and end points.
We will consider first the input of a single event on the current page. This can be
accomplished with the following procedure.

4.8.4.1 Inserting a “spot message” or “annotation” on current page

Holding the CONTROL key on the keyboard, move the mouse pointer to the
desired position and click with the left mouse button (the vertical position is not
relevant, as the current release of GALILEO NT doesn’t support events linked to
a specific trace: the event is simply linked to a time position inside the trace).

The spot event input dialog (shown below) will appear.

The blue line shows the point on the trace where the event (that the user will
choose in the dialog box) will be inserted.
If the user wants to insert a spot event from the list, a new spot event, or an
annotation (i.e. all events that have no length) he/she need only select the
appropriate radio-button, choose the event from the list, drag with the mouse the
cursor on the exact point you will insert the event and press the Insert button.

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The event will be entered, the dialog will be closed and the display (traces area
and navigation bar) will be updated with the new event.
The next paragraph will explain how to insert a state or a selection, that is events
with a non-zero length.

4.8.4.2 Inserting a “status” or a “selection” on current page

Holding the SHIFT key on the keyboard, move the mouse pointer to the desired
position and click with the left mouse button (the vertical position is not relevant,
as the current release of GALILEO NT doesn’t support events linked to a specific
line: the event is simply linked to a time position inside the trace).

The status/selection event input dialog (shown below) will appear.

To insert a state during the replay, just proceed as if inserting a spot message, and
then “grab” the coloured bar that shows the current insertion point and drag it to
the end point.

The end point can be on the right of the starting point (dragging it forward in
time), or on the left of it: in this case the system will adapt to the situation
(swapping the start and end points).

The highlighted area represents the section in which the state (or selection) will be
inserted operating on the dialog controls.
The user can insert a state selected from the list, insert a new state, or a
“selection” (i.e. a PRINT, TRANSFER or PROCESS mark that will be described
later on).

The exact start and end time, as well as the duration of the area where the event
will be inserted are shown in the dialog box in a numeric way.
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When the user clicks on Insert, the dialog and the highlighted area disappear, and
the selected event is inserted on the trace in the selected position.
The Cancel command will abort the operation.

If the state to be inserted is longer than one page, the following procedure can be
followed:
x drag the selection cursor to the end of the page
x release the mouse button
x holding the CONTROL key, grab the left end of the highlighted area (which
stopped approximately one second before the end of the page) and drag it
toward the right: the display, together with the highlighted area and the blue
bar on the navigator will jump one page forward. The highlighted area will
now end on the last second of the current page
x repeat the previous two operations as many times as needed (you can check on
the navigator the length of the area being selected, by looking at the black line
right under the navigation bar – see below)
x on the last page, the position of the end point can be corrected (moving it
backwards) with the usual “drag and drop” method.

NOTE
This works also backwards, dragging towards the beginning of the page (towards
the montage labels) instead of towards the end of it.

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4.8.4.3 Inserting a “status” or a “selection” directly on the navigation bar

The selection of the point for the insertion of a spot event or the selection of an
area for the insertion of an event with a certain duration (states, selections) can be
made directly using the navigation bar instead of the traces area of the current
page.

Considering the resolution in space and time of the navigator, it is obvious that
this second method is preferred when an event with duration (state, selection) has
to be inserted, and especially if the event is longer than several pages.

This can be done in a way similar to the one explained earlier.

Start by clicking on the point of the navigation bar where the event should start,
then move the mouse pointer on the navigator bar, while holding down the left
key of the mouse, until the final point of the event (or selection).
Now release the left key of the mouse

You will get the following situation:

x choose the state or the selection to be inserted

x confirm clicking on the Insert button

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As an example the above diagram shows, the insertion of a PRINT selection.

The PRINT selection means (as will explained in detail in another section of this
manual) that the selected area will be the one printed with the GALILEO NT “off-
line printing” utility.

4.8.5 SELECTIONS ON THE TRACE DURING REPLAY

As described in the previous sections, a “selection” is considered by the system

exactly as a state.
However, the selections have the purpose to “mark” portions of the trace in order
to apply certain operations ONLY to the selected parts.

The current release of GALILEO NT allows the use of the following selection
types:
x PRINT selection
x TRANSFER selection
x PROCESS selection

PRINT
the selected portions will be printed by the ”batch” printing utility

TRANSFER
the selected portions (and only those) can be transferred during the back-up or
copy procedure discharging the other portion of the recording. This is of course an
user option. Please see the backup section of this manual for details.

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NOTE
When a recording (trace) doesn’t contain any TRANSFER selection, it is
automatically considered ALL enabled for the BACKUP (or Transfer)

PROCESS
the selected portions will undergo further processing (see for example the spectral
map computation).

NOTE
A trace can contain several types of selections at the same time.
On a trace there can be an indefinite number of selections of the same type (i.e.
five different portions marked for PRINT).

4.8.5.1 Inserting selections on the trace with keyboard

As already explained, a selection is considered as a state, and therefore all the

methods described in the previous sections can be used to insert it.

However, considering the peculiarity of these kind of events, they can be entered
also using another method, that allows selection of the whole page under
inspection. Each time a page is selected for the desired type, the system will
append it to the global selection map.

This method uses the keyboard to mark the whole page for a certain purpose; in
particular:
P key selects for PRINT
T key selects for TRANSFER
R key selects for PROCESS

Note that with these keys only selection can be performed. Once a page has been
added to the selection it cannot be de-selected using these keyboard shortcuts.

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4.8.5.2 Deleting selections on the trace

Selections are events, from any point of view.

They will therefore appear in the event list together with all the other events.

With reference to the previous example, if the Selection and Search dialog is
opened from the event menu the following situation will be presented:

The selection in the previous example is highlighted in the above diagram.

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4.8.5.3 Deleting a single event

1. Select the event (for ex. TRANSFER) you want remove from the list.
2. Click the Remove Single Events button and confirm.

4.8.5.4 Deleting ALL the occurrence of an event

Click the Remove Group of Events button . The following dialog will appear:
1. Check the “Radio button” Single Event Type (see the figure above)
2. Open the drop down list
3. Select the event of which you want remove all occurrence in the recording
4. Click the Yes button

The figure above shows an example regarding the removing of all the occurrence
of the PRINT selection.
When confirmed, ALL the portions marked for PRINT will be “unmarked”.

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4.8.5.5 Deleting ALL the events of a group

Click the Remove Group of Events button. The following dialog will appear:
1. Check the “Radio button” All Events.
2. Check the box relative to the “group” of events you want to remove. You can
choose among Spot Message, Status Message and Selection.
3. Click the Remove button and confirm.

In the example showed above ALL the “selections” (print, transfer, etc.) will be
removed from the trace.

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4.9 THE MENUS IN THE REPLAY WINDOW

4.9.1 THE FILE MENU

Batch Print Starts background printing process. System will send

to the default printer, all the trace pages selected for
printing (PRINT selection).

Print Prints the current page.

Print Preview Previews the page that will be printed.

Printer Setup Allow to view/modify some parameters of the

current printer or to choose a particular printer when
more than one are installed on the system.

Vertical Split With this command a new window for the same data
trace will be opened and automatically tiled in a
vertical mode near the first one. This control gets
inactive once launched; not more than 2 EEG
window are allowed inside Galileo NT Viewer.

Exit Exits from GALILEO NT replay and returns the

control to the Patient Managing System (PMS).

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4.9.2 THE TRACES MENU

View Traces Skips to the traces displaying.

Panning Enables (and disables) the “panning” display.

Real-time monitoring Allows the trace monitoring during acquisition by

updating the reading of the file during its storage
on disk.

Automatic Display Enables (and disables) the automatic page

display.

Automatic Display Setting Allows the user to modify the delay of the
automatic page display.

Real Time Writer Select the paper speed of the real-time writer.

Go To Offers, at a menu level, all the trace movement

commands (one page, one second, forward,
backwards…).

Trace Setting Recalls the trace settings table for review and
editing.
This table can also be obtained with a double
click on any point of the traces area (provided it
is not on a message or state name).
With the trace settings table, the sensitivity and
the polarity of each trace can be changed; the
display of one or more traces can also be turned
off.

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Measure Enables or disables the measure mode (see

9.12)

Copy Measure to Clipboard This option is enabled only when in measure

mode.
Allows measures to be copied to the clipboard,
in order to make possible importation to other
documents (i.e. reports).

Set Cursors Enables or disable the vertical cursor along the

displayed page. This may be useful displaying
the trace together with the Map window.

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4.9.3 THE POTENTIAL MAP MENU

This menu is related to the Potential Map window.

For details about the Potential Map see section 4.10.

View Potential Map Opens and display the Potential Map Window

Instantaneous Map Displays the “Instantaneous” potential map: the map

is computed on a specific time instant (the Cursor
control on the Montage toolbar will insert just one
cursor on the trace window and it will identify this
time instant).

Mean Map Displays the “Mean” potential map: the map is

computed as average among a time interval (the
Cursor control on the Montage toolbar will insert
two cursor on the trace window, that will identify
this time interval).

Set Scale Range Allow to set up the scale range of colour.

Palette Allow to set up to colour palette (Gray, Red-Blue or

Rainbow).

Interpolation Algorithm Allow to decide the best fitting algorithm of

interpolation (Linear, Quadratic and Cubic).

Show Electrode Allow to display electrode positions (as small white

triangles for 3D representation, or small square for
2D) on the head.

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4.9.4 THE SPECTRAL MAP MENU

This menu is related to the Spectral Map window.

For details about the Spectral Map see section 4.11.

View Spectral Map Displays the spectral map window

Recompute Re-compute the maps basing on the current

parameters.

Computation Option Allow to modify some calculation parameter.

Number of Views Et the number of computed and displayed maps

(1 … 6)

Lock Maps together When rotating one map, the other will rotate of
the same angle (all view are linked).

Top view, Left view, Set some predefined point of view (angles).

Palette Allow to change the colour palette.

Interpolation Algorithm Allow to decide the best fitting algorithm of

interpolation (Linear, Quadratic and Cubic).

Show Electrode Allow to display electrode positions (as small white

triangles for 3D representation, or small square for
2D) on the head.

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4.9.5 THE SPECTRUM MENU

View Spectrum Enables the calculation and the display of the

spectral data .For details about the Spectrum
window see section 4.12.

Recompute Restart the computing of the spectral data.

Calculation Option Allow to modify some calculation parameter.

Number of views Modify the number of shown spectral data.

Mean Spectral data are shown in “standard“ way: the

frequency along the “X” axis and the
Amplitude/Power along the “Y” axis.

Head view Shows the spectra of all acquired monopolar

electrodes (by the 10-10 system), displaying
them in correspondence with their position on
the scalp.

Select Measure Allows to set up the measure to be exported o

the Windows Clipboard.

Copy Measure to File Creates two text files (.txt): one for the
selected spectral measure computed on all the
acquired monopolar channels (“measures.txt”),
and another for all the spectral values
computed on all the acquired monopolar
channels (“spectra.txt”). All of these measures
are related to the current temporal window.

Copy Measure to Clipboard Exports the selected measures to the Windows

Clipboard.

Define Bands Allows to define frequency bands.

Common scale Shows spectral data with a common scale for

all the traces.

Power Show Spectral Power data.

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Amplitude Show Spectral Amplitude data.

4.9.6 THE TOOLS MENU

Graphic Option Allows the setting of some parameters regarding the

colour palette to be used transferring images to the
Windows clipboard or saving an image (i.e. the trace
window) to file.

Filter Setting Opens a summary table with information about the

filter settings for the electrodes acquired in the
current montage.
This table (see diagram below) besides giving an
overview of the parameters, also allows change to
the filters value.
Of course the same operations can be performed
with the controls on the processing toolbar, but this
view can be useful for a complete overview.

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Montage Option Recalls a dialog box in which a montage can be

selected (in the same way as choosing it from the list
on the main toolbar) or edited by calling the
montage editor, or allows creation of new montages.

You can select a montage or from the file you are

looking or from the system montage library. The
radio button in the upper part of the dialog allow this
decision.
The user can select a montage from the file (On
Trace) or picking the a montage from the general
montage library (Library) in this last case the
montage will become part of the montage linked to
the file. (see also chapter 1).

User parameters settings Recalls the dialog-box that manages all user settings
(see next section for details).

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4.9.6.1 User parameter setting

This window, available both in acquisition and in replay, gives the user (whose
name appears on the title bar) the possibility to edit the parameters used to show
data on Galileo viewer. These settings goes from the trace area colour to the Batch
print setting and the digital filter values.

The filter configuration is available only for user INSTALLER (SERVICE).

WRITER and READER will be prompted the following window, accessing the
“Filters” section:

Setting modification will be saved only by closing this window with the “Save”
button, otherwise (“Cancel” or “X” button) no modification will be kept. For
Filter Settings and map representation changes will be actualised only next time
the same user will open a trace, while any other change will be actualised
immediately.

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4.9.6.1.1 Graphic

Display

This section is to customize the way of presentation of traces and events or states,
on the viewer.

Show Events Enables or disables the display of Events (in a

global all/none way).

Show second grid Enables or disables the display of time grids.

Show trace area Enables or disables the display of frame

around the trace area.

Show Horizontal scroll bar Enables or disables the display of scroll bar
(under the traces area).

Colours This section is to customize the colours of

some areas of the window and of different
kind of channels.

EEG Channels Allows to choose the colour of the traces made

of channels described with “EEG” type in the
acquisition preset.

Polygraphic Channels Allows to choose the colour of the traces made

of channels described with “Poly” type in the
acquisition preset.

Highlighted Channels Allows to choose the colour of the traces

selected on the viewer (selection is made by
means of the mouse cursor on the trace label).

Window background Allows to choose the colour of the window

background (the one around the trace area).

Trace background Allows to choose the colour of the trace

background (the one where traces are drawn).

Font Allows the user to customize fonts (and

colour) of some text areas on the window (as
montage labels, events…).

Label Allows to choose the colour of montage labels

on the window background.

Events Allows to choose the colour of spot, state and

selection name on the trace background.

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Show plug-in choose form on replay start

This flag allows the user to be prompted or not with the “Available Tools”
window opening the trace.

Maps - 2D Maps enabled

This flag, if checked, makes available the 2-Dimension representation of Potential

and Spectral Maps (otherwise 3-Dimension representation is shown).

Maps – Wide range spectra enabled

This flag, if checked, makes possible the spectra computation on a band wider
than the standard ones:[0,16] and [0,32] Hertz. This further band is the maximum
one related to the signal sampling rate (Sr), and it goes from 0 Hz. to Sr/2 Hz.

VIDEO-EEG – VEEG Fast-forward speed

Sets the speed of video EEG fast forward replay (theoretically, available values
range from 1 to 10, but the maximum value of reproduction is strictly conditioned
by the computer performances).

4.9.6.1.2 Batch Print

The background print module needs some information to do its work. To

view/modify the parameters that influences the batch printing select this section:
the following window will be shown.

You can choose various parameters of the batch print mechanism:

- The font of the montage labels (”Label Font”).
- The font of the time information displayed along the axis of the page (“Axis
Font”).
- The font used to print the event (“Event Font”).

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- If printing or do not printing the time grid (“Grid”), the sensitivity of each
trace (“Sensitivity”),the events (“Events”) and the current montage name
(“Acq. Montage”).
- The time length of the page (”Page Speed”).
- The EEG trace line width.

If in the trace there are more than one PRINT selection, with different length, the
batch print, for every selection, will give the printing of one or more pages, whose
length is given by the “Page Speed” setting. (also if the selection duration is lower
than the Page Speed value).

Once saved the settings will be valid until modified.

4.9.6.1.3 Filters

This section is dedicated to the Digital Filter configuration (type and values).
These filters are available to user when he displays traces on the screen (both in
replay and acquisition). As we said before, this configuration is permitted only to
INSTALLER and MASTER users.

Choosing type of low-pass digital filters

By checking the “Low pass filters TC” flag, user will choose to display Low-Pass
filter value by means of time constant (sec), otherwise these values will be in the
frequency domain (Hz). The not available Low-Pass filter list will be greyed as
we can see in the figure above for the Low Pass filter list.

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Editing new value for digital filters

User can edit/add filter value simply by mouse clicking on the “N/A” box. Indeed
the values that precede the “-----“ are fixed, but from this point on user can
add/edit new values. In the window above, user added 1.33 Hz and 1.5 Hz. This
operation, next time the same user will open the trace, will result in an up-grading
of available LP filter values on the “processing” toolbar of Galileo viewer.

4.9.7 THE REPORT MENU

Contains the commands to open, for editing, the Trace Report and the Patient
Report.

For detail on the Patient History and Data Report document, please refer to chapter 2.

4.9.8 THE WINDOWS MENU

Contains the standard Windows commands for:

x Showing or hiding the toolbars.
x Saving the traces view (as image) to a file.
x Copying the traces view on the Windows clipboard, from where it can be
imported into other documents.

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x Arranging the GALILEO NT windows in the standard way allowed by

Windows (Cascade, Tile Horizontal and Vertical).
x Showing the windows related to the available tools.

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4.10 THE POTENTIAL MAP WINDOW

The Potential Map window displays the distribution on the scalp of the EEG
potential.
The Map can refer to a defined point of the tracing (Instantaneous Map) or to the
mean value of the EEG signal in a defined interval of the tracing (Mean Map).
referred to a defined point (o time interval) of the recording.

The distribution of the potential on the scalp is displayed on a 3D representation

of a “virtual” head.

The potential is displayed in colours following a colour distribution chosen by the

user among different “colour scale”.

x Calculation are performed on the “monopolar” signal of all the acquired

electrode. The distribution of the potential on the scalp is calculated using an
interpolation algorithm (linear, quadratic, cubic), and its value is obtained
making an average between the potentials of a previously set number of
electrodes around itself.

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4.10.1 INSTANTANEOUS MAP

The instantaneous Map can be displayed

- From the Potential Map Menu selecting the Show Potential Map item (the
instantaneous mode is the mode activated when the Potential Map display is
activated).
- Clicking on the Potential Map button on the main toolbar.

The figure below shows an example of a Potential Map display.

When the potential Map displayed is not the “instantaneous” but it is the “mean”
map”, the Instantaneous map can be recalled from the Potential Map menu or
simply clicking the Instantaneous Map button on the Process toolbar.

4.10.1.1 Rotating the Three-dimensional Map

The Map is a 3D representation of an “head”. To change the point of view

(rotation of the Map) click on any point of the Map Window making that window
“active”.
Clicking the map windows the map control toolbar appears

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To rotate the head click on it, maintain pressed the left button of the mouse and
move the mouse. Depending on the direction you move the mouse the Map will
be rotated.
There are 5 predefined position that can be invoked simply clicking one of the
related button on the map control toolbar.

4.10.1.2 Changing the calculation point on the trace

Clicking any point on the right trace window the “focus” is given to this window, so the
normal “trace walking” button are enabled on the upper toolbar and from the keyboard.
In any moment the map on the left window will reflect the potential distribution in
the point marked by the vertical cursor displayed on the trace window.
In addition to the “normal” browsing command the system provides the user with
two further way to move the cursor across the tracing
1. The user can drag the cursor with the mouse and, when you release the mouse
button you’ll see the map updated.

2. The commands CONTROL-o and CONTROL m move the cursor a pixel

a time in the related direction and the map is each time updated. Maintaining
pressed one of the two key codes you can obtain a “continuous” movement
across the tracing with the map continuously updated.

NOTE
Entering the first time in the map display the cursor on the trace window is not
displayed.
You must enable it with the related button on the upper toolbar.

You need further to disable it when returning to the normal trace display (without
the map window) The same happens when you modify from instantaneous map to
mean map.

4.10.1.3 Changing the colour scale

There are 3 possible colour scale (Palette).

To display them use the Potential Map menu or click the Palette button on the
map control toolbar.

The palette window will be displayed. You can select among “Grey”, “Red And
Blue” or “Rainbow” colour scale.

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4.10.1.4 Setting the scale range

The scale range of the map display can be manually set or left to the automatic
calculation of the system.
To select among these possibilities start from the Potential Map menu and activate
the Set Scale Range item

Mark the checkbox if you want the automatic calculation, otherwise insert the low
and high limit of the range on which distribute the colour of the current palette.

4.10.2 MEAN MAP

When the Potential Map display is activated the “Mean Map” mode can be
invoked or from the Potential Map menu or clicking the Mean Map button on the
map control toolbar

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The various controls acts in the same mode as for the instantaneous map, the only
difference is that the potential distribution calculated is the mean value in the time
interval defined by the two cursors displayed in the trace window.

To modify the cursor position, clicking and dragging the left (blue) cursor you’ll
move both the cursor together (changing the position of the selected interval),
while clicking and dragging the right cursor (the red one) you’ll modify the
“width” of the selected tracing portion.

NOTE
Entering the first time in the map display the cursors on the trace window are not
displayed.
You must enable it with the related button on the upper toolbar.

You need further to disable them when returning to the normal trace display
(without the map window) The same happens when you modify from instantaneous
map to mean map.

NOTE

To print the map you can use the printer button on the upper toolbar.
Notice that when doing so you must have the map window ACTIVE, otherwise (with
the trace window active) the system will print only the tracing.

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4.11 THE SPECTRAL MAP WINDOW

The Spectral Map window displays the (three-dimensional or bi-dimensional)

distribution on the scalp of some “spectral” parameter related to some defined
“frequency” bands

For example a Map can represent the distribution on the scalp of the “Power” in
the “Alpha” frequency band.
Up to six different parameter (maps) can be displayed simultaneously.
The distribution of the calculated parameter on the scalp is displayed either on a
3D representation of a “virtual” head or on a bi-dimensional bitmap; it’s a
coloured representation that follows a colour distribution chosen by user among
different “colour scale” (Palette).

The three-dimensional map can be rotated in any direction, so to make spectral

parameter distribution easier to read.

Note that
x All the parameter are based on the calculation of the FFT (Fast Fourier
Transform) applied to the tracing data. Calculation are performed basing on the
current parameter settled with the Calculation Option.
x Calculation are performed on the “monopolar” signal of all the acquired
electrode. The distribution of the calculated parameter on the scalp is
calculated using a “linear interpolation” algorithm.
x The signal portion on which the calculations are performed is:

- the current page if no selection have been made on the tracing

- the selected portion of the tracing with the PROCESS selection code
or the selection chosen in the Calculation Option.

On the status bar (above) are displayed the information regarding the calculation
mode and the interval time on which the calculation have been performed.

The Spectral Map window is activated or from the Spectral Map menu (Show
Spectral Map Item) or clicking the Spectral Map button on the main toolbar

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Each of the 6 maps can represent a different band and a different parameter.
The setting of the bands and of the parameters may be done with the Bands
Setting dialog box (“3D View Manager”) which is invoked double clicking on any
head.

For “Spectral data” we intend the Frequency bands used to perform spectral
analysis; these bands are customisable by user (see cap. 4.12) in the “Define
Bands” item of Spectrum Menu.

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For “Spectral Measures” we intend the spectral parameters whose distribution the
system represents on the virtual head, related to the chosen frequency band. And
these are:

 Power (Power)

 Amp (Amplitude)

 PotR (Relative Power)

 Mean F (Mean Frequency)

 MedF (Median Frequency)

 PeakF ( Peak frequency)

 Lg(RP) (logarithm of the Relative Power)

Notice that each head has its own independent setting and these settings are stored
by the system and remains valid until modified.

4.11.1 CONTROLLING THE DISPLAY OF THE SPECTRAL MAP

You can modify the display and the calculation mode of the Spectral Map
window.
To do this you can act or on the Spectral Map menu on the menu toolbar or on
some specialized button on the map control toolbar.
The following will illustrate in detail the different possibilities.

The figure below shows the Spectral Map menu.

Recompute
Re-compute the maps basing on the current parameters.

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Computation Option
Allow to modify some calculation parameter.

For specific applications, expert users can set the following computational
parameters:
x The time duration of the single epochs for FFT (“Time”);
x The kind of trace selections to use in computing maps (“Event”), i.e. if using
PROCESS selections or other selections corresponding to particular states, etc.;
x The overlapping percentage of following epochs.

Checking AR and/or CHN the “Configure AR” button will be enabled; clicking
on it the above window “Select channels for ...” will appear. Here user can
respectively select the channels to do not consider in: average reference definition
(AR list) and in the electrode potential evaluation (CHN list). Indeed, AR is
selected when user wants to draw a spectral map where all the electrodes are
referred to a “virtual electrode” whose value is given by the average of all the
electrodes chosen in the AR list; while CHN is selected when user wants to do not
consider one or more electrodes (whose value was, for example, corrupted by
artefact), in the potential computation for every electrode (remember that this kind
of computation is made by interpolation of the mean electrode value with the
values of a specific number of electrodes around it).

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Number of views
Set the number of maps calculated ( 1 … 6 ).

Lock map together

Allows all the maps to rotate in a synchronous way (pressed), or in a independent
way (not pressed).

Top view, Left view, ….

Set some predefined point of view (angles).
In addition to the 5 predefined position above, if you want to rotate the map with
the mouse click the map you want rotate, maintain pressed the left button of the
mouse and move the mouse: the map will be rotated following the movement of
the mouse. When the mouse button will be released the map will be “frozen” in
the actual position.

Palette
Allow to change the colour palette.

Interpolation Algorithm

Allow to decide the best fitting algorithm of interpolation (Linear, Quadratic and
Cubic).

Show Electrode

Allow to display electrode positions (as small white triangles) on the head.

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4.12 THE SPECTRUM WINDOW

The spectrum window displays the “traces” of the current montage in the
frequency domain (the frequency band can reach half of the sampling frequency
used to acquire the digital signal).

For each trace of the montage, the FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) is calculated.
Calculation are performed basing on the current parameter settled with the
Computation Option.

The “spectrum” of each trace is then displayed. The window can display 1,4 or 9
trace spectrum.
Further the FFT transform of each acquired electrode can be calculated and
displayed (Head view).

The signal portion on which the calculations are performed is:

- The current page, if no selection have been made on the tracing
- The portions of the tracing selected for PROCESS or with other selection code

All the above feature can be controlled by the Spectrum menu or trough some
specialised button as detailed in the following paragraph.

The Spectrum menu is as in the figure below:

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View Spectrum

Enables the calculation and the display of spectral data.

Calculation are performed basing on the current parameter settled with the

Recompute
Restart the computing of the spectral data, with the new parameters.

Calculation Option
Allow to modify some calculation parameter (for more informations see the
calculation Options of the Spectral map, see § 4.11.1).

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The calculation is performed on a bandwidth up to 32 o 64 Hz in a particular

configuration, this band can reaches the half of the sampling frequency used to
acquire the digital signal).
The above button select the one or the other band.

NOTE
in the “User Settings” control user can choose if to extend the spectral analysis
band to half the sampling rate set in the acquisition preset.

Number of views
Modify the number of spectral data shown. You can choose between 1,4 or 9
spectral diagrams.In any position it is possible to display any of the trace of the
current montage.
To link a trace to a position double click on the diagram you want assign : the
“Spectrum Channel” dialog box will appear through which you can select the
trace to assign to that position.
The displays reports also the defined measure for each spectrum. When the
number of views increases not all the measure will be shown on the screen due to
space limitation: in any case all the defined measure will be calculated and
(eventually) exported to the clipboard.

The above button allow to see the next or previous group of 1, 4 or 9 spectrum.

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Mean
Display the spectrum of the trace according to the current montage.
Spectral data are shown in “standard “ way : the frequency along the “X” axis and
the amplitude along the “Y” axis (the number of spectrums shown is that set in the
Number of Views voice).

Select Measure
Allow to set up the measure to be exported o the Windows Clipboard (with this
operation user will be able to paste selected data to any electronic paper
supporting “.txt” format).

Copy Measure to File

Saves on a two different “.txt” files: all the spectral measure available on all the
acquired channels, related to the defined frequency bands, and all the spectral
values computed on all the acquired channels (following the Spectral
Computation options). Two consequent “Save As” dialog boxes will appear.

The “spectra.txt” file will be created first, that contains all the spectral values,
then the “measures.txt” file will be created, containing all the spectral available
measures for all the acquired (monopolar) channels. These files can be renamed
and placed anywhere in “My Computer”.

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Define Bands
Allow to define frequency bands where to compute spectral measures.

NOTE
The first defined 8 bands are automatically described by software, with 8 different
colours 8, so to be well-recognized inside the spectral graphs, as below.

Common scale
Shows spectral data with a common scale for all the traces.
When this option is not activated each spectrum is displayed with its own “auto
ranging” scale (normalized to its maximum value).

Power
Show Spectral Power data.

Amplitude
Show Spectral Amplitude data.

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Head view
Show all the 10-10 electrodes with associated spectrum (see the following figure).

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4.13 TRACE MEASUREMENTS - ZOOM

Several kinds of measurements related to the current page can be enabled from the
Traces menu, selecting the “Measures” item, as shown in the diagram below:

As can be seen from the diagram, the system makes available different kind of
measures on the trace samples.
The diagram shows those implemented in the current release of GALILEO NT,
while others will be included in the next release.

When the selected measures are enabled, clicking on OK will bring the following
display.

The measurements shown refer to the point under the vertical cursor.
By moving the cursor the values will be updated.

To disable this mode and return to the normal display, again use the Trace menu
and disable the “Measure” option.

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When measures are active, in the Traces menu an option is enabled, this allows
the user to copy the measured values to the Windows clipboard, from where they
can be easily transferred into any document that supports the Windows “cut and
paste” method.

To have a more detailed view of the area of interest GALILEO NT provides the
“ZOOM” mechanism.
The ZOOM consists on the selection of an area of interest on the trace view an in
the display of that area in such a way to blow up that area.
The operation starts with the selection, using the mouse - “click and drag”, of the
rectangle which identifies the area of interest:

Once you release the mouse button during the rectangle selection the zoom
window appears:

Now with the n e p keys you can modify the vertical zoom factor (shown in
the title bar near the “x”).
You can drag and drop the two cursor to make the wanted measure as in the
normal measure window (see above).

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Default measure are those displayed in the figure and described below.
- Amply (ȝV): single trace amplitude measured in the time moment identified
by the left blue cursor;
- DeltaV (ȝV): for each trace, amplitude difference between the value measured
at the time correspondent to the left blue cursor and that to the right red cursor;
- Average (ȝV): average amplitude measured between the two cursors;
- Avg Power (uV2): signal average power (as amplitude to the square)
computed between the two cursors;
- Alpha (Hz): frequency (in the Alpha band) where it is measured the higher
Alpha band power;
- Beta (Hz): frequency (in the Beta band) where it is measured the higher Beta
band power;
- Dominant (Hz): frequency (i n the EEG band 0-32 Hz) where it is measured
the higher power;
- PeakDiff (ȝV): difference between the amplitude maximum and the
amplitude minimum measured in the time window identified by the 2 cursors
(peak to peak value);
- Freq (1/dT) (Hz): frequency value corresponding to the time interval between
the 2 cursors;
- Avg Ampl (ȝV): average amplitude, this value is twice the squared root of the
average power computed between the 2 cursors (so it will be easy to compare
it with the PeakDiff value);
- Rect Area (ȝV *s): normalized amplitude (or rectified area) measured in the
interval between the 2 cursors.

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4.14 SPLIT WINDOW

In order to show the user all the informations he can get from reading a trace
(spectral and potential maps, spectrums, plug-in software, ...) GALILEO NT
makes available a “Split Window” command. It tiles (horizontally, vertically or
cascading in the EEG viewer) all the elaboration windows available for the
current trace.

With the method above, you can open also other trace window: GALILEO NT do
not pose particular limit to this mechanism; practical limits are the resource of the
computer and the resolution of the monitor.

Once opened more than one trace window, with the standard controls of the
Operative System it is possible to reduce their dimension and to position them in
the desired way. This procedure may be long and tedious.

To facilitate the user in this work, GALILEO NT provides two useful command in
the “Window” menu

Those command automatically arrange ALL the trace windows opened in an

optimal mode. You can “tile” the windows horizontally or vertically.

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To use that command, recall, with the procedure explained above, the Window,
select the Window menu from the menu bar and select the “tile” mode you want
8in the example below, we tile 3 different window that show different information
about the same range of the trace: Trace, Potential Map and Spectra).

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4.15 REVIEW OF A VIDEO EEG RECORDING

The review of a Video EEG recording, in addition to the features of a normal

trace, as described in the previous sections, provides a window on which the video
information is displayed, and that video and trace can be analysed in a
synchronous way.

Traces and video information can be synchronized or independent.

When traces and video are synchronized, a blue vertical line will appear on the
screen to show the synchronization point: the point of the trace under the blue line
shows the activity recorded in the same moment referred by the video image (see
picture).

The video window has a scroll bar (that represent the whole video recording) and
some control buttons.

The scroll bar, as stated above, represents the length of the whole video recording.
Moving the cursor towards right or left, it is possible to come across all the video
recording. Of course such movement will be more or less “smooth” depending on
the length of the recording.

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To move up and down across the video file (with or without the EEG
synchronization), user can use both the specific buttons: “Previous Frame” and
“Next Frame” (frame by frame), and the “Video End” and “Video Start” buttons
(with a specific speed, set at the initial configuration and in an independent way
from the EEG display settings).

The other buttons are for (from left to right):

x starting the replay of the video (“Play”)
x Fast replaying of the video (fast replay speed is set in the user parameter setting
window) (“Fast Forward”)
x Stopping the replay of the video (“Stop”)
x Zooming video image (“Zoom”);
x Display the video window with the dimension given by the resolution set in the
acquisition preset editor (“Normal View”)
x Enabling/disabling the synchronization between traces and video recording
(“Lock Mode”)
x Disabling /Enabling the audio replay (“Mute”)
x Display the video window using the whole monitor area (“Full Screen”); to exit
from this way press ESC.

The synchronization between trace and video image is reached both by the “Lock
Mode” button on the video toolbar, and by the “Set Cursor” button on the EEG
viewer toolbar. When the synchronism is enabled and the video replay is started
(with the “Play” button), both the video and the trace frame is reproduced in real
time (if audio was acquired, and the “Mute” button is not pressed, audio will be
reproduced synchronized to video).

The synchronization (“Lock Mode”) is kept also moving in the trace with the
specific commands: by page, by second and automatic display (Panning display is
no enabled in “Lock Mode”).

Starting from a “non-synchronous” situation, synchronism can be obtained in two

different ways: giving priority to the video (if an interesting point has been found
on the video recording) or to the trace recording (if, for example, something
interesting has been found reviewing the trace in the ordinary way).

Video priority: when – on the video recording – the exact point has been found,
just click on the “Lock Mode” button on the video window toolbar.
The trace will immediately move to the requested point, and the synchronization
marker will be shown on the traces area.

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Trace priority: when a point is found – on the trace recording – to which the
video has to be “linked”, just press the “Set Cursor” button on the main toolbar of
the traces window.
The trace will immediately move to the requested point, the synchronization
marker will be shown on the traces area and the “Lock Mode” button on the video
toolbar will be pressed.

Once the “link” is enabled, it will be constantly maintained until it is explicitly

disabled by the user, and therefore video and traces will always be together:
moving the video (with the commands and the scroll bar on the video window) or
moving the trace (with the standard commands like PgUp, PgDown etc.).

To hide the video window during replay there is the below button on the replay
EEG viewer toolbar.

4.15.1 VIDEO DIGITAL ZOOM

Exploiting the video image resolution of a VIDEOEEG trace, it is given the user
the possibility to perform on it an highly configurable digital zoom, available both
in acquisition and in review. This function will be very useful to inspect portions
of the video image, to stir inside the same image, searching for important details
and to effect the acquisition video focusing on a particular zone of the image;
always maintaining the synchronism with the EEG data file.

Through the dedicated icon on the video window toolbar, a further panel (zoom
frame) will appear inside the window video, representing the scaled window
video.

The proportions with which this frame can be sized respect to the window size, is
different and goes from 1 (the zoom frame is in 1:1 scale with the video window)
to 10 (the zoom frame is in 1:10 scale with the video window).

In the figure above the proportional factor between zoom frame and video
window is 5.

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Inside the zoom frame, a red-edged panel appears, that represents the portion of
image indeed displayed. User, at this point can inspect the total image both
moving with the cursor inside the zoom frame, and, according to the
configurations, exploiting or the mouse pointer click (“Arrows”) or the dragging
the mouse pointer on the video window (“Drag and Drop”).

For further implementations of the image zoom, dedicated keys can be used; the
“Zoom In” through the “+”key (plus) and the “Zoom Out” through the “- “ one
(minus). The system can subsequently be configured to the same functionalities
with the “Pag Up” and “Pag Dn.” keys.

NOTE
The configuration of the video eeg zoom is of pertinence of the EBNeuro technical
personnel or of an experienced user opportunely trained by EBNeuro.

In Zoom mode Video EEG Play can be always performed, so to restrict video
inspection to the enhanced area.

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For your Notes

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CHAPTER 5

GALILEO NT – SOFTWARE TOOLS

5.1 CSA - COMPRESSED SPECTRAL ARRAY

5.1.1 DESCRIPTION
The CSA option is a GALILEO NT plug-in whose purpose is to calculate in real
time the spectral analysis of the EEG recording and to show the result as a
Compressed Spectral Array graphic (see the figure below).
While displaying the Spectral Array the program provides some useful
information regarding the most significant parameters of the calculated values.
The CSA modality consist in the display in one single graphic of a lot of power
spectra stacked one over the other. Each spectrum is related to a defined time
interval. The most recent is displayed on the bottom part of the display and the
oldest in the upper part of it.
Any times a new spectrum is ready the entire “stack” is shifted upward of one
position.

In other words along the horizontal axis are displayed the “frequencies” while
along the vertical axis are represented both the time and the power due to the fact
that each spectrum is displayed starting from a vertical position that depends on
the time of computation (see the figure).

This modality can be used both during the acquisition and during the replay (with
the Automatic Display or the Panning mode); in other word the CSA can be used
when using a real time mode display of the EEG signal; it does not work using a
page mode display.
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Spectra calculation is continuously performed; when a new spectra is ready it will

displayed on the first position (the lowest) of the graphic after having shifted the
other spectra upward.

In this way the total number of spectra displayed remains fixed and correspond to
a fixed time interval.

The program is able to elaborate an undefined number of traces and to display the
spectra for a maximum interval time of 600 seconds. The practical limits is fixed
only by the number of spectra that can be “intelligible” on the screen.

5.1.2 Using the CSA

The CSA Option can be used both during the acquisition of an EEG tracing and
during the replay of this type of trace.

To make it available both during acquisition and replay user should be sure to
have activated it before opening the trace:

Form the “Window” menu select the “CSA” item as in the following figure

When the CSA is invoked the related window will be opened and automatically
“tiled” with the trace window.
The first time the CSA is run it will start with a default setting providing only one
trace (RF – RF) and a set of standard value for the various parameters (see the
following for details).
The successive times the CSA will be run it will work with all the parameters set
as the last time it was run.

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The CSA window is divided in three main areas

- In the upper part a table is shown with the powers (in percentage) of the bands
for all the traces displayed
- In the middle there is the compressed spectral array display of the selected
traces
- In the lower part there is a “status bar” with the value of the current parameter
as the time interval on which the calculation is performed (epoch) and the
sensitivity of the spectra expressed in PV2/mm.
The table, showing the spectral power values, changes the background colour
when a value of power exceed the upper and lower spectral power limits (set by
the user in the initial settings). The “warning” colour can be set by the user (see
the following sections)

The various functions of the CSA can be handled both from the keyboard or from
a pop down menu callable with the right button of the mouse clicking any point in
the CSA window.

From this menu the user can

- Modify the CSA configuration
- Increment or decrement the sensitivity of the vertical scale
- Restart the calculation
- Print

NOTE
The “H” key on the keyboard will recall a simple help window with all the active
keyboard shortcut.

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5.1.3 CONFIGURING THE CSA

To access to the configuration functions of the CSA use the right button of the
mouse o press the “O” key on the keyboard.
A window will be opened. The window is made by the following tree “tabs”
- Trace Editor (“Traces”)
- Setting (“Settings”)
- Layout (“Layout”)

5.1.3.1 Trace Editor

This tab allow the user to set the “trace” on which perform the spectral
calculation.
The editor is substantially a simplified version of the standard Montage Editor of
GALILEO NT (see section 4.2 of this manual).

When defining a new trace, select couples of electrodes in sequence, clicking the
appropriate buttons. The trace can be composed by any two electrodes.

For each pair of clicks on two buttons/electrodes, a new trace is inserted in the list.
In case of error, select the wrong derivation (clicking on the relevant line in the
trace labels column) and delete it (Delete Trace button). It will then possible to
insert the derivation (trace) again.

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5.1.3.2 Settings (Analysis Configuration)

The following parameters can be set:

CSA length The total time on which the calculation are

performed

Max freq. The maximum frequency of the calculated spectra

Each Spectrum every The time interval between the calculation of a set of
spectra

Notify Allow to set the maximum and minimum value of

the spectral power outside of which a “notification
(“or warning”) is displayed. The notification is made
colouring the background of the table showing the
values with the chosen colours.

Bands It is possible to configure the bands n which

calculate the spectral power. The DELTA band is
not modifiable nor erasable. To modify, delete or
define new band simply click with the right button
of the mouse on the table showing the current band.

Advanced Setting Allow to set the time interval on which calculate the
Fourier Transform. This define the frequency
resolution of the calculated spectra. Larger time
interval -> higher frequency resolution.

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5.1.3.3 Layout

Colors Define the colour to be used in the display of the

various part of the CSA window

Show Numerical Values Determinate if the table of numerical value will be

displayed or not

Spectral array Type Determinate if the spectral computation will be

shown as a Compressed Spectral Array (CSA, as
defined in the first paragraph), or as a Density
Spectral Array (where the power distribution in the
EEG band is shown with a colour scale).

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5.1.4 SAVING CONFIGURATIONS

If once modified one or more of the parameters described in the previous section
the configuration window is closed with the OK button the modified values will
be valid only for the current section of CSA.
When closing the CSA and opening again the stored value will be used.

The button Save as Default allow to save permanently on disk all the parameter
in such a way that every time the CSA is run that values will be recalled
automatically.

The button Save and Load allow to save a set of configuration on disk (giving it a
name) and to recall it later.
An indefinite number of setting can be saved.

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EEG TREND ANALYSIS

5.1.5 DESCRIPTION

The TREND option is a GALILEO NT plug-in that allows a compressed display

of long EEG recordings, by means histograms representing Spectral or Amplitude
Parameters. This allows, moreover an increase in the informative content of the
raw EEG signal and a the instantaneous detection of signal interesting areas.

Quantitative analysis of EEG signal is done on the selected traces by means of the
elaborations listed below:

1. Automatic computation, by means of FFT analysis, of Spectral Power on

user–defined frequency bands, so to show or the Relative Power on a
selected band (Alpha trend), or the ratio between the power values of 2
different bands (for. ex. Alpha/Delta ratio); the SEF (Spectral Edge
Frequency) related to a user-defined total power percentage and the Total
Power on a specific band (mV2).

2. Automatic computation of the signal amplitude suppression (relative to a

user–defined threshold value), so to show the percentage of suppressed
signal on a specific epoch of analysis and on selected channels. This is
useful to value the pharmacological treatment effect on epileptic states
and as guide on the pharmacological neuroprotection.

The representation of this values is made using histograms. Once configured the
software (channels to elaborate, spectral parameters, suppression parameters, …)
the Trend Main Window, will process raw EEG data and display the results next
to the EEG trace viewer. Every histograms is characterized by the value to
represent and by the computation time.

The compressed display is obtained since the application produces a value after
the analysis of an epoch of EEG data, on which computations are made.

The epoch duration is set by user depending on the analysis precision to reach.

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5.1.6 USING THE TREND ANALYSIS

The TREND Option can be used both during the acquisition of an EEG trace and
during the replay of this type of trace. To make it available both during acquisition
and replay user should be sure to have activated it before opening the trace:

From the “Window” menu select the “TREND” item, as in the following figure:

When the TREND is invoked the related window will be opened and
automatically “tiled” with the trace window.
The first time the TREND is run it will start with a default setting providing only
one trace (RF – RF) and a set of standard value for the various parameters (see the
following for details).

Next times the TREND will be run it will work with all the parameters set last
time it was run.

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The TREND window is divided in tree main areas

- In the first part (upper) Spectral Trend Graphs are shown. Each one is
described with the name of the trace to which computation is referred and with
the name of the spectral parameter (Single Trend or Ratio) the graph is
displaying;
- In the second part (lower) there is the Suppression Graph for the selected
traces, whose name is written above the graph;
- In the lower part there are the buttons that allows user to configure the
software, to set graphical parameters and to interact with elaborations.

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5.1.7 CONFIGURING TREND

To access to the configuration functions of the TREND use the dedicated button
(“Setting”) on the lower part of the TREND window.

A window will be opened. The window is made by the following three “tabs”
- Trace Editor (“CSA Traces”)
- FFT Setting (“Spectral Settings”)
- Suppression Settings (“Burst Suppression”)

5.1.7.1 CSA Traces

In this section user can insert the montages of traces on which effect computation.
Selected traces are shown on the right lists: one (“Traces”) for Spectral Analysis
computation and the other (“Burst Suppression”) for the Amplitude Analysis.

Respectively, to select channels for Spectral Analysis, press the “Spectral

Montages” flat button and for Amplitude Analysis, press the “Burst. Supp.
Montages” flat button, then choose the traces, in the desired montage, with the
corresponding button (this montage doesn’t follow necessarily the acquisition
one).

Below each list will appear the total number of selected traces (not more than 8
for Spectral Trends). Removing a montage from the list is possible by means of
the “Delete” button:

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5.1.7.2 Spectral Settings

In this section user defines all the parameters to effect spectral analysis:

Spectral Setting User can set the signal frequency band width (from “Max.
frequency” to “Min. frequency”), the amplitude, in
seconds, of each epoch of analysis (“Each spectrum every
(s)”) and the amplitude of FFT epoch, in seconds (“FFT
time interval (s)” contains fixed values).

Bands User can define a set of available frequency bands on

which effect analysis. Editing a band is easy: just right
clicking with the mouse on a row of the Bands List, will
appear a menu with the “Add”, “Delete” and “Modify”
items, dedicated to band editing.

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Select band for This frame is used to set what kind of parameter to
compute for selected traces. There are 2 possibility:
“Single Trend” to display/compute relative power in the
selected band, or “Ratio” to display/compute the power
ratio between two bands, for the selected trace, and
“SEF”, to compute the Spectral Edge Frequency, related
to a user–defined total power percentage.

NOTE

Spectral Edge Frequency: this parameter, that is very used during

neurophisiological monitoring, to evaluate anaesthesia depth, describes EEG
signal, with a numerical value that represents the frequency under which the P
%(percentage) of the selected trace Total Power is contained. Normally the
Percentage value used to evaluate SEF is 90 or 95%, but in this case this
application allows user to set as percentage (P) any value between 0 and 100.
Because of this, user can create also a Median Frequency trend just setting P=50.

Output setting in this frame user can set if creating, for the selected
traces, the Total Power trend, computed on the band
specified in the “Single Trend” mode. Obviously, in this
case, user has to set correctly the vertical axis dimension,
so to not limit it between 0 and 100 as for the Relative
Power trend.

To create a “Single Trend/Ratio” analysis, once the kind of parameter has been
selected by user, he has to set on which bands effect computation. To do this, user
has to select a band on the Band List, and right clicking with the mouse will
appear the already seen menu, that present also the “Select for” item.

If user chosen to compute Ratio Trend he has now to set which bands considering:
that’s why the “Select for” item gives the user the possibility to select the band for
“Ratio Den.” (denominator) and “Ratio _Num.” (numerator).

Otherwise, choosing to compute Single Trend user has to set only one band:
that’s why the “Select for” item gives him only the possibility to select the band
for “Single Trend”.
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The selected spectral parameter will appear on the right of the “Selected band for”
frame (as shown in the previous figure).

For the Total Power trend it’s enough to check the “Absolute Power” box in the
“Output setting”.

For SEF analysis, once the SEF box in the “Select band for” section, is checked,
the “Bands” table is replaced by a “SEF Setting” panel, where the percentage for
SEF computation has to be set in numerical value.

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5.1.7.3 Burst Suppression

In this section user defines all the parameters to effect amplitude analysis to
evaluate the signal suppression:

Elaboration Setting User can set the amplitude, in seconds, of the single epoch
of analysis (“Epoch length (s)”), the time needed to output
a value of suppression (“Each value every (s)”), the
significant threshold (“Threshold (ȝV)”to value amplitude
suppression and the percentage of suppressed samples
needed to say that the current time interval is suppressed.

5.1.8 SAVING CONFIGURATION

If once modified one or more of the parameters described in the previous sections
the configuration window is closed with the OK button the modified values will
be valid only for the current section of TREND.
When closing the TREND and opening again the stored value will be used.

The Default button allows to save permanently on disk all parameter so that,
every time the TREND runs, that values will be recalled automatically.

The Save and Load buttons allow to save a set of configuration on disk (giving it
a name) and to recall it later.

An indefinite number of setting can be saved.

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5.1.9 READING TREND WINDOW

Let us give a look to the TREND main window:

5.1.9.1 Spectral Graphs

It shows the computed histograms for value of the selected spectral parameter on
the examined trace:

In the figure above the Relative Power in the Delta band is shown for the F4-C4
trace: in this case, Vertical Axis represents the percentage value, while the
horizontal axis describes the timing of the computation in absolute time.

In the Total Power evaluation, for the same band, values will spread along the
vertical axis depending on the specific situation. So it is difficult to set
preventively, a correct maximum vertical value.

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Below the Ratio trend between Alpha and Delta power on the Fp2-F4 trace is
shown.

In this case the Vertical Axis represents a pure number, with no indication of unit,
while the Horizontal one represents the Temporal Window in absolute time.

SEF trend (below) presents, on the Vertical Axis, a frequency bands that goes
from 0 Hz to a user-defined frequency whose upper limit is half of the sampling
rate.

In the figure above the Ratio value between Alpha band power and Delta band
power is shown for the F4-C4 trace: in this case, Vertical Axis represents the
absolute value of this ratio, while the horizontal axis describes the timing of the
computation in absolute time.

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5.1.9.2 Burst Suppression graph

It shows the computed histograms for the signal suppression evaluations:

In the figure above the Suppression value obtained from computation on C3-T3
and C4-T4 traces: in this case, Vertical Axis represents the percentage value of
suppression, while the horizontal axis describes the timing of the computation in
absolute time.

5.1.9.3 Graphic

This button allows user to define the time-width of the TREND window.

The “Graphic Option” window will be shown:

Temporal Window User can choose either configuring the TREND window
width in MANUAL mode, setting its duration in Minutes
or Hours, or in AUTOMATIC mode (only for post
processing), here the system dimensions it as the trace
recording length.

Set duration This frame is enabled only if the MANUAL mode is

chosen. Here user can choose the window width in
Minutes or Hours, checking the corresponding box and
setting the desired value.

Spectral Trend Maximum value

If user decides to compute for Spectral Ratio Trend, the

Vertical Axis, representing a pure number has to be
configured. Here the maximum value to represent in the
Vertical Axis can be set.

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5.1.9.4 Replay and Print

The “Replay” button enables to open during EEG-EP MONITORING acquisition,

a further window, where the previous TREND file is displayed.

The “Print” button send to the computer default printer, the current TREND page
to be printed, with information about patient name and recording date.

5.1.9.5 Moving across the TREND graph

1. Previous Page: during post processing, this button enables user to go to

the previous TREND page;

2. Next Page: during post processing, this button enables user to go to the
next TREND page;

3. Cursor: during Post Processing, enables user to set a red cursor on

TREND window so to move across it;

4. Lock: during Post Processing, enables user to lock the TREND window to
the Trace one: this allows him to search for a specific or interesting instant
on the TREND window and immediately display the corresponding time
in the Trace Window.

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5.2 EEG AUDIO REPLAY

5.2.1 DESCRIPTION

The Audio Plug-In option is a GALILEO NT Plug-in that allows to listen, on

Personal Computer audio outputs, the signal coming from one or two EEG traces
stored with a sampling rate higher than 4096 samples/sec.

The target of this application is to make user able to recognize signal peaks by
means of their audio reproduction, without having to scan the whole trace, but just
listening to it. In particular it’s dedicated to neurophisiological signal, that present
a constant trend with, sometimes, an amplitude peaks. That’s why will be
fundamental the use of a threshold.

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5.2.2 USING THE AUDIO PLUG-IN

This tool is for both replay and on-line analysis. To make it available user should
be sure to have activated it before opening the trace:

Before running this application, the system makes a check about the currently
installed Microsoft Direct X version and the trace sampling rate. If everything is
good, opening the Galileo NT Trace Viewer, the Audio Plug-In main Window
will be shown:

In this way, on the upper left side of Galileo NT Viewer, the minimized main
window of this tool appears, with the “Play”, “Stop” ,“EBN Setting” commands
and the small button that extends in the main window.

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5.2.2.1 The Main Window

Following, a brief description of the commands displayed in this window:

Auto Start If checked will means that trace panning and audio outputs
have to be run separately.

Channel Audio Setting

Left/Right Channel Available channel list extracted by the acquisition preset,

among with choosing the (left /right) channel to listen in
the corresponding audio output.

Left/Right Threshold Choosing to set a threshold for one or both channels, will
output the audio from the signal only when it overcomes
this threshold.

Gain Available Gain list to increase the EEG signal amplitude

so to better listen to corresponding output. If Threshold is
selected is not possible to set a gain for the signal.

Mute sx/dx To silence the corresponding output.

No. of Channels:

Mono Just one trace can be chosen in the preset channel list, as
left channel. This channel can be listened in both audio
outputs.

Stereo Two traces can be chosen in the preset channel list. Each
one will be listened from the corresponding audio output.

Progress bar Displays the time delay between trace panning and audio
output.

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Status bar:

Gap Minimum and maximum delay between trace panning and

audio output, in the current session.

Delay Delay sets in the configuration file, between trace panning

and audio output.

S/Sec Trace sample rate.

To start audio output of the chosen channels, press the Play button. If in replay
and with un-checked AutoStart command, to start reproduction user has also to
run trace panning from the dedicated menu item. To stop audio output, use the
“Stop” button.

During reproduction, a further window (“Peak Viewer”) will appear on the screen.

5.2.2.2 The “Peak Viewer”

This window appears once Audio Reproduction of chosen channels started. In this
window, if correctly set, detected signal peaks are drawn.

Its extended displacement is the following and displays the signal trend. The
shown signal is the one checked below (“Show Lf”/”Show Rt”) and whose name
appears on the top of the graph; user can also choose if showing or not the signal
peaks (“Show Peaks”).

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Further graphical settings are:

Xmax[msec] Here user sets the dimension, in msec of the temporal

window to analyse in order to find a peak. System will
translate this value from milliseconds to samples (by
means of the sampling rate), in according to the graph
horizontal axis format.

AutoYMax/AutoYMin Here user decides if automatically scaling the graph

vertical axis, depending on the detected peak values or if
considering always the same range of variability. In the
first case, checking these flags, every msec (Refresh Time)
the graph will be redrawn using the maximum and
minimum values of the detected peaks (whose values
appear on the corresponding boxes); otherwise (un
checking these flags), manually user can insert the
maximum and/or minimum value between analysed signal
trend, searching for peaks.

Refresh Time[msec] Time after which the graphs will be re-drawn.

Stop Refresh This button breaks the graph refreshing process.

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5.2.3 AUDIO PLUG-IN SETTINGS

The Audio Plug-In settings involve:

5.2.3.1 Threshold Setting

Here user can set the threshold values to draw on the “Pick Viewer” during
reproduction and to output signal only when its amplitude overcomes this values
(“Max Up” and “Max Dw”). Moreover here the horizontal axis dimension is set in
msec that are translated in the number of corresponding samples, obviously
depending on the sampling rate (“X Axis Msec”).

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5.2.3.2 Setting

Here user can configure:

1. the Gain Values (those available on the main window)

2. the Fast Replay speed (that will allow audio reproduction in a faster way,
but that has not been improved yet)

3. the offset between pick and “Peak Viewer” vertical Axis, in percentage of
the horizontal sample dimension.

And, moreover, in the “Value” frame, there are written the values obtained during
reproduction, for the left and right channel, about their peak trends. This values
can be reset by means of the “Reset Value” button.

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5.3 HRV_NT

This software tool totally integrated in GalNT allows performing a post-analysis

on the polygraphic signals in which it is present at least an ECG derivation. This
software enables to extract from the ECG signal some significant parameters of
the neuro vegetative system state through the analysis of the cardiac variability,
the series of RR intervals (tachogram) but also, if available, the series of the
systolic and diastolic values of the arterial pressure (systogram and diastogram).
The program provides parameters on the time domain (average, variance, pNN50)
and on the frequency domain (power spectral density). In fact, it is possible to
calculate the power on the three frequency bands conventionally described in
literature as VLF, LF and HF, the relative power of the bands LF and HF and
finally the ratio between the powers LF and HF, usually used as indicative
parameter of the simpatic - vagal balance.

It’s necessary to select in the Patient Management System the acquired data from
data list. Then, click on new data button and select HRV exam.

The software will try to find among all the channels, one ECG channel and one
respiratory channel (these channel types can be set by the user during the preset
configuration). If there are not these kind of channels, a new window appears and
allows the user to select which channel must be used as ECG channel for the
synchronization.

Select the channel and then click on Modify icon. Another window appears and
allows the user to select the analysis type (ECG, Respiratory…).

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The analysis of the ECG signal for the QRS complex detection is performed using
a new algorithm that is not noise sensitive and it is very precise for the QRS
complex detection, with an accurate measure of RR interval.

The series of RR intervals is analyzed with the purpose to reveal the presence of
possible rhythm alterations or artefacts due to the noise on the native ECG signal;
in case these are detected, the algorithm provides, when it’s possible, to a
correction of the interested RR intervals in order to minimize the effects of such
alterations on the value of the power spectral density. It’s possible to perform an
automatic correction of the RR intervals with an algorithm that tries to correct all
RR intervals that differ more than a certain percentage (settable, typically 5%)
from the mean RR that is dynamically calculated on last N RR intervals:

Once calculated and eventually corrected the series of RR intervals, the analysis
can be performed and it furnishes the parameters in the time domain and in the
frequency.

x Regarding the parameters in the time domain, there are mainly the mean
cardiac frequency and the R-R variance. The parameter pNN50 is also
calculated and represents the RR intervals percentage that differs from the
precedent one more than 50 msecs. This parameter is usually described in
literature as one of the most reliable variability indexes in the long period
(typically 24 hours) and it provides a global measure of variability.

x The value of the power spectral density of the cardiac variability is calculated
using both an autoregressive algorithm (AR) and an algorithm based on Fourier
transforms. In both cases it is possible to modify all the calculation parameters
of the algorithms according to the user necessities or to use the optimal setting
suggested by the software. From the spectral density it is calculated the power
of the three conventional bands VLF, LF and HF, and it is possible to modify
the extremes. The frequency can be expressed in normalized units (cycles for
pulsation) or in equivalent Hertz. The frequencies scale in equivalent Hz is
obtained, taking into consideration the mean cardiac frequency in the interested
interval. From the LF and HF power, the normalized LFn and HFn powers are
calculated and also the ratio LF/HF.

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The results are displayed both in graphic form and inside a table. Particularly, the
RR intervals are graphically displayed with the possibility to change the temporal
scale (horizontal axis) and the amplitude scale (vertical axis). In the same window
the power spectrum is visualized with the graphic indication of the conventional
three frequency bands. If the analysis includes more than a signals (for example
also a signal due to the respiratory activity or to the arterial pressure) the graphic
plot shows all the calculated signals and not only the RR intervals, and the
spectral chart shows the spectrums related to all these signals. All the calculated
parameters, both in time domain and in frequency, are displayed in a table showed
together with the signal and spectrum charts.

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 EEG_NT

Concerning the analysis, there are three different possibilities:

1. The analysis is performed on the whole interval extracted from the trace.

2. The analysis is performed on the current page.

3. The analysis is performed separately on all the pages in order to create a

spectrum type CSA (Compressed Spectra Array).

The first analysis type is proper for the short recordings where it can be supposed
that the patient conditions are static, so it’s possible to retain that the analyzed
signal remains the same for all the recording time.

The second and third types, instead, are proper for the cases in which or the length
or the recording characteristics don't allow to make hypothesis of stationariness
and, therefore, it is necessary an analysis for a brief interval. Especially, the last
type of analysis allows having an immediate idea of the spectral variations of the
signals taken in consideration. The current page corresponds to the spectrum in
red on the CSA plot.

It’s possible to print all the obtained results

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6. MONITORING: POSSIBLE ALTERNATE AND

CONTINUOUS ACQUISITION OF THE EEG SIGNAL
AND OF THE EVOKED POTENTIALS

6.1 INTRODUCTION

Nowadays, the request for neuro-physiological tests within the intensive care unit
is more and more increasing. In fact, both the Electroencephalogram and the
Evoked Potentials, while allowing a functional assessment of the Central Nervous
System, put besides the clinical test, are complementary to the imaging techniques
(TC, NMR) and grant a high contribution for the patient diagnosis, prognosis and
monitoring.

This application was developed to allow the alternate and continuous acquisition
of a certain number of EP exams and same number of EEG tests. Every EEG and
EP test will last for the time predefined by the user during the configuration and
will be repeated as many times as decided by the user when launching the
application. It will be anyway possible, according to an appropriate process, to
preventively stop both the single test and the monitoring program, so as to allow
the user to preventively end the acquisition, as required.

This test type will allow the completely and continuously monitoring of the
patient brain activity and the assessment of the effect of a possible
pharmacological therapy (intensive care monitoring) and of the reaction of this
activity to the surgery room.

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 EEG_NT

6.2 CONFIGURATION

6.2.1 MONITORING configuration inside the Galileo PMS

This application will be only available when Galileo PMS is preset to such data.

6.2.2 EEG acquisition configuration

To configure the EEG GALNT acquisition within a MONITORING test, it is

required to define a timed preset.

A timed preset is a preset for carrying out an acquisition that automatically stops
when reaching the preset time. The windows Options of the Galileo Preset
Manager shows a selection named “Timed acquisition”, where it is possible to
assign these characteristics to the involved preset.

When selecting the flag “Active”, the “Time ON” (hours and minutes) will be
enabled further to the “Number of repetitions” (not required for such an
application). Here, the user will input the time (hours and minutes) required for
completing the single EEG acquisition session. After completing the preset with
this configuration, it can be saved on the system.

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6.2.2.1 Note on Timed Acquisition section

As above said, it is possible to automatically end an acquisition after a certain

time by creating a preset where the timed acquisition is active (dedicated flag) and
by setting the ON time to the chosen time (1 hour and 30 minutes in this
example).

This preset type is used for an EEG-EP MONITORING acquisition and in this
case the single EEG acquisitions will have a length of time same as the preset one.
For the EEG MONITORING acquisition, if even the repetition number (dedicated
window) is not set, the system will complete one acquisition only for the preset
time. On the contrary, if the user also defines the number of repetitions (e.g. 5 as
for the following example), launching an EEG MONITORING acquisition will
enable the system to automatically obtain, according to the relevant preset, 5
consecutive EEG GALNT traces lasting 1 hour and 30 minutes.

This way allows to exceed the limit for acquisitions longer than 24 hours by
simply creating a timed acquisition preset and inputting 24 hours and 00 minutes
for the ON time together with the number of repetitions required for the running
monitoring (at this time, every acquisition will refer to a full day of patient
monitoring) and completing an EEG MONITORING acquisition with such a
preset.

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 EEG_NT

6.2.3 EP acquisition configuration

To configure the EP EXAM acquisition within a MONITORING test, an EP

Trending type time macro should be defined. This macro allows to configure a
time acquisition and to build the control trends for Amplitude and latency of the
potentials being created as regards the values shown on the initial template which
is the reference model.

Once the EP Trending has been defined as Test Type, the EEG/EP windows opens
where the user can configure (as per the EEG GALNT) the single EP acquisition
session time.

NOTE
Good practice would require the preset/macro name to indicate the preset
acquisition length of time. In fact, the MONITORING EEG-EP program loads ALL
the macros available for the selected hardware and does not detect if the macro
selected for monitoring is timed or not.

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6.2.4 Use

After completing all the configuration explained in the previous paragraph, the
alternate MONITORING acquisition can be launched by selecting “New data”,
selecting “MONITORING”, then “EEG - EP” to state the alternate acquisition
program.

By this way, the program main interface is introduced, it consists of:

‰ A section relating to the hardware configuration

‰ A section relating to the configuration of the acquisition alternation

‰ A section relating to the acquisition management

The single sections are described here below.

Galileo NT – Monitoring 6-5
 EEG_NT

6.2.5 Hardware configuration

On this section, the user should select both the hardware type to use for the
acquisition (please remember that the amplifier used will be the same both for
EEG and EP) and the presets for completing the single EEG acquisition session
and the EP acquisition session.

The software will allow the hardware to select among ALL the amplifiers on the
involved system (without distinguishing among systems that can process both
EEG and EP and systems dedicated to one or the other method) and the user will
be in charge of properly selecting the right acquisition hardware.

6.2.6 Alternate acquisition configuration

On this section, the user will establish the acquisition type to use for starting the
alternate cycle (EEG or EP) and the number of cycle repetitions (session number).
An empty area (“…”) is foreseen at the end of the list for the selection of the
repetition number, where the user can write any number which is not listed (of
course, the numbers to input must be positive integers lower than 100).

NOTE
Because the first EP acquisition requires the user presence, who will be in charge
of starting the EP average recording, once defined the template to recognize in the
following acquisition sessions, for letting the system work independently as soon
as possible, it is a good practice to select the EP acquisition as the initial
acquisition.

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6.3 ACQUISITION MANAGEMENT

This section includes the controls to start, stop and close the alternate acquisition
in advance. The RUN button, after completing all the required setting, starts the
acquisition cycle already under the WRITE ON DISK mode (except for the first
EP cycle where, before saving the data, the initial template must be set). The
PAUSE button allows the temporary acquisition stopping, while the STOP button
closes the set monitoring in advance. These two buttons do not immediately stop
the acquisition, but ends the cycles (both temporarily and definitively) after
completing the running acquisition (i.e. when expiring the set time). To
immediately stop the acquisition, it is required to directly operate the current
acquisition display.

In particular, to stop the acquisition while proceeding with the alternation cycle,
directly press the buttons

or the relevant menu controls.

To stop the running acquisition in advance and the alternate acquisition program,
process foresees the

Stop button to be first pressed on the MONITORING interface, then the running
acquisition to be stopped by pressing the appropriate button (see above).

To stop the alternate acquisition, before reaching the end foreseen according to the
number of sessions preset at the beginning, while waiting for the normal stop of
the running acquisition, simply press the Stop button on the MONITORING
interface during the running of the acquisition to be ended.

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6.4 WHAT GETTING FROM THE ALTERNATE ACQUISITION:

By this type of acquisition (MONITORING – EEG-EP) the following is included

in the Galileo PMS patient data list: one MONITORING record including: one EP
EXAM (gathering as many EP TRACE as the acquisition sessions) and one EEG
GALNT gathering all the collected EEG graphs (both of MONITORING
subtype).

In particular, the EEG acquisition will be collected within one single gnt file and
at the time of the second reading, the various acquisition sessions will be easily
identified on the navigation bar and distinguished by the EP graph acquisition
ranges (EEG pause white areas).

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