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Section 1.0: Network Fundamentals: Roles and Functions

This document provides an overview of network fundamentals, including common network devices and their roles, typical network topologies, cable types, and the OSI and TCP/IP models. Key network devices include endpoints, servers, switches, routers, access points, firewalls, and controllers. Common network topologies are WAN, LAN, two-tier, three-tier, leaf-and-spine, and on-premise vs. off-premise networks. The document also describes copper and fiber cabling and the layers of the OSI and TCP/IP models.

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122 views4 pages

Section 1.0: Network Fundamentals: Roles and Functions

This document provides an overview of network fundamentals, including common network devices and their roles, typical network topologies, cable types, and the OSI and TCP/IP models. Key network devices include endpoints, servers, switches, routers, access points, firewalls, and controllers. Common network topologies are WAN, LAN, two-tier, three-tier, leaf-and-spine, and on-premise vs. off-premise networks. The document also describes copper and fiber cabling and the layers of the OSI and TCP/IP models.

Uploaded by

Jae
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Section 1.

0: Network Fundamentals
Roles and Functions
 Endpoints / Clients
o Laptops, PC, mobile, servers
o Receiver
 Servers
o Hold contents.
o Provider
 Switches
o Allow us to connect things locally
o High port density
o Enable local communication
o LAN device
o L2/L3(have routers functions)
 Routers
o Allow WAN to communicate to LAN
o Links networks to networks
o L3
 Access Points
o Provide wireless connectivity
 Cloud
o ISP, anything outside routers/FW
o Part of the network that you don’t have details for
 Firewall
o Gives us networking control, based on network attributes
o
o IPS (Intrusion Prevention System)
 A way to stop more complex attacks against the network
 Especially when there’s a hosting
o NGFW (New Generation Firewall)
 Has IPS included and other features like DLP (Data Leak Prevention)
 Based on application attributes, like web-filtering, access control
 More expensive compared to normal FW
 Controllers
o WLC (Wireless LAN Controllers)
 Central way to manage and control Aps
o Cisco DNA
 Software defined network section

Network Topology Architecture


 WAN
o Wide Area Network
o Anything at cloud
o Remote/outside premises
 LAN
o Local Area Network
o Anything we can control, from routers/FW to endpoints
o Local/inside premises
 2 & 3 Tier
o Enterprise Design
o Traffic is North & South (Top-Bottom)
o Access: Tier facing endpoint
 Provide access
 Heavy port density switch
 Very basic, just forward traffic
o Distribution / Core
 L3 min.
 Aggregate traffic sending out
 Less ports, more performance
 Speed(Core)/QoS(Dist)/Access Control(Dist)
o 2 tier
 Core & Access (distribution is merged with core)
o 3 tier
 Core, Distribution and Access
 Leaf and Spine
o DC (Data Centre) Design
o Similar to 2T in enterprise model
o Traffic is from East & West (Left-Right)
o Every leaf connects to every spine
 For bandwidth due to high volume
o All L2/L3, either all L2 or all L3
 On and Off Premise
o Hosting
o With premise or outside premise (Cloud)
o E.g., Server in office, it’s on premise. If server is hosted in cloud, it’s off premise.
Cable Overview
 Copper
o Transmission via Electricity
o Affected by interference
o Cheap
o Easy to create
o Type of cable: rolled, crossover, straight
o Different cabling
 Co-axial
 10-Base5(Thicknet), 10-Base2(Thinnet)
 RJ11 (Telephone cables)
 2 wires
 Twisted Pair
 Shielded & Unshielded
 Fibre
o Transmission via light (LED: multi-mode, laser: single-mode)
o No interference
o Longer distance (single-mode: 10km, multi-mode: 2km)
o More secure
o Different cabling
 ST-Straight Tip
 FC – Field Assembly Connector / Ferrule Connector
 SC – Subscriber Connector / Square Connector
 2 cables, 1 Rx, 1 Tx
 LC – Little Connector / Lucent Connector
 2 cables, 1 Rx, 1 Tx
 Uses SFP (Small Form-factor Pluggable) to connect to device
 Single-mode & multi-mode

OSI Model & TCP/IP Suite


 TCP/IP Model (DOD Model)
o 5. Application
o 4. Transport
o 3. Internet
o 2. Data Link
o 1. Physical
 OSI Model
o 7. Application
 http/https/smtp
o 6. Presentation
 Jpeg/compression/encryption
o 5. Session
o 4. Transport
o 3. Network
o 2. Data Link
o 1. Physical

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