1640118840

Fast Way to solve Ricatti Equation
ABDUL HUSSEIN KADHUM ALSULTANI

RETIRED MECHANICAL ENGINEER
[email protected]
BAGHDAD , IRAQ
Abstract
In mathematics a Ricatti equation in the narrowest

sense is any first- order ordinary differential equation
that is quadratic in the unknown function.
There are many methods to solve but all of them
1
supposed arbitrary assumptions like u ∧u It but all of
them elongate the solutions and complicate it .
My new way to solve ricatti differential equation is
direct by using Asultani differential equation 2
directly and without needing to any substitution so
decreasing the effort , time and papers ,
Keywords
Bernoulli differential equation , Ricatti equation ,
Alsultani differential equation 2 , Alsultani differential
equation [3] .
1. Introduction
First I will explain the old way to solve Ricatti
equation
Ricatti equation denotes that
1
y ' = A(x ) y 2+ B ( x ) y +C ( x)
where A(x) ,B(x) and C(x) are functions of (x) but

the above equation can not be solved without a
particular solution y₁=f(x) .
Here we must take a point (y) on the curve
1
y=y₁+ u where (u) also a function of (x) then it’s
derivative will be
dy dy ₁ 1 du
= −
dx dx u2 dx
2 2 1 du
A(x) y +B ( x ) y+ C ( x )= A ( x ) y ₁ + B ( x ) y ₁+C ( x )− u
2
dx
1 2 1 −1 du
A(y₁+ ¿ ¿ +B(y₁+ )+C(x)= A ( x ) y ₁2+By₁+C 2
u u u dx
2 2 Ay ₁ A 1 1 du
( 2
)
(A y ₁ + u + u2 ¿+ B y ₁+ u +C=A y ₁ + By ₁+C− u 2 dx
du
2Ay₁u+A+Bu= - dx
du
dx +(2Ay+B)u= - A
du
dx +P(x)u=Q(x) so the integrating factor=Ix=e
∫ P ( x ) dx
du ∫ P ( x ) dx
dx e +( p(x)e∫ P ( x ) dx
u=Q(x)e ∫ P ( x ) dx
D(u e∫ ( ) )=Q(x)e∫
P x dx P ( x ) dx
P x dx
∫ Q( x) e∫ ( ) dx
.u= ∫ ( ) P x dx
e
1
As it is seen that because we choose the variable ( u )
so we must do this substitution and the procedure of
the derivation through the solution of any problem of
ricatti equation which leads to more time and may be
more mistakes and more paper ,
I find by my new way that C ( x ) which is a function
of ( x ) only is a part of the direvative of the
particular solution ( y ₁ ) thenif it ∃∨equal zero

it will not inter ∈the integral processes∧here we
2
can concider that : Riccatti equationis
a first order linear D.E.
consists of three terms [3].
Then to solve it by using Alsultani D.E. which denotes:
dy P ( x )
+ y=Q ( x ) y k where k=1−n
dx n
¿ Ay2 we find that k=2 = 1-n then n= -1
i. e .( y ¿¿−1)is the primary solution∈addition ¿
y ₁=f ( x)as a particular solution
so let (y₂) is a new point exits on the curve and

1
y₂ = y₁ + y
theni t s derivativeis :
'
1 dy
y ₂' = y ₁' − =A¿
y 2 dx
−1 dy 1 B
. y ₁' =A ¿+ 2 ¿+ By ₁+ +C(x )
y dx y
2
y
but y ₁' = Ay ₁2+ By ₁+C( x)
−1 dy A 2 Ay ₁+B
.i.e. = +
y dx y2
y 2
Now multiplying the above eq. by (- y ¿ we get 2
dy
=−( 2 Ay ₁+ B ) y− A (anyone can solve ricatti equation
dx
problem directly at once he knows A , B and the
particular solution to save the time , papers and less
mistakes )
dy
+ ( 2 Ay ₁+ B ) y =− AI called this equation as :
dx
Alsultani D . E .2 so P(x)¿ ( 2 Ay ₁+ B )
here we see that there is no need to the complicated

substitutions .
dy
So dx + P ( x ) y =−A linear ODE .∈( y )
which is the fast way ¿ solve Riccati D . E . .
3
First find a particular solution y ₁then it is easy to transform it to
a first order linear ODE
Notes :
1. if we use the solution (y₁+u ¿ then Bernoulli D . E . will apear and
we
must use another substitution with it’s complications
2. it is clear that we need the particular solution ( y₁)
three times the first in the question , second in the
differential equation and in ( y₂ ) and this proofs that
any problem hasn’t ( y₁ ) is not Ricatti equation but
similar to it and we can solve it by another procedure
like the separation for example .
Main results
I will solve some problems to proof the exactness of
the new way .
Example 1
Solve y =¿ '
Solution
y ' =( y−x)2 = y 2−2 xy+ x 2
A=1 , B= -2x and C= x 2
At the beginning we see that the particular solution

y₁= x+1 and this will cause that
4
y ' =1∧not zero .
dy
+ ( 2 Ay ₁+ B ) y =− A Alsultani D . E .2
dx
dy
dx ) – 2x ] y= -1
+¿
dy
+2 y=−1 then P(x) = 2
dx
2dx
Iₓ=e∫ =e2 x
−1 2 x
y e 2 x =−∫ e 2 x dx+ c∧ y e2 x = e +c
2
−1 2 x
e +c
So 2 −e2 x +2 c −1+ N
y= = = where
e3 x 2 e2 x 2
N=2c
1 2
=
y −1+ N e−2 x
2
Then y₂= x+1+ −1+ N e −2 x solution
Example 2
2 ' 2
Solve y + y = x 2
solution
2
y ' =− y 2 +
x2
2
A=-1 B=0 C= x2
c −c
Let the particular solution is so y ' = 2
x x
−c
Then x +¿ so c −c−2=0
2
2
(c-2)(c+1)=0 and c=-1 or c=2 we will take

c=2
Then by using Alsultani D . E .2 we get
dy
+ ( 2 Ay ₁+ B ) y =− A
dx
dy
dx
+ 2
[( ) ]
−2
x
+0 y=−(−1 )
5
dy 4
− y=1
dx x
∫ −4xdx 1
Then Iₓ =e =e−4 lnx =
x4
y dx y −1
So 4 ∫ 4
= +c then 4 = 3 +c
x x x 3x
−x 4 x (3 c x 3−1)
.y= 3 +c x = 3
1 3
=
y x (3 c x3 −1)
1 2 3 6 cx+ 1
y ₂= y ₁+ = + = let 3 c =N
y x x (3 c x −1)3 3
x(3 c x −1)
2 Nx +1
.y= x ( N x 3−1 )
2
1 x ( N x −1)
=
y 2 Nx +1
2
−2 x ( N x −1)
y₂= x 2 Nx+1
+ solution
Example 3
1' 2
Solve y +6 y = x 2
Solution
here since B=0 so it not Riccati equation and there is
no particular solution
1
y ' =−6 y 2 +
so k=2=1−n thenn=−1
x2
−1 ' −1 dy −2 1
.y₂= y ∧ y ₂ = y2 dx =−6 y + x2 eq .(1)
now multiply eq, (1) by ( y )2
−dy y 2 y
dx
=−6+ () x
∧let =v
x
dy −vdx−xdv xdv xdv
so− = =−v − =−6 +v 2 then− =v 2+ v−6
dx dx dx dx
xdv
= ( v +3 ) ( v−2 )∧¿
dx
dx dv
- x = ( v+ 3 ) ( v−2 )
1 a b
let = +
( v+ 3 ) ( v−2 ) v +3 v−2
6
−1
then a=−b=
5
−dx −dv dv
∫ x
=∫
5(v +3)
+∫
5(v−2)
1 1
ln|v +3|− ln |v −2|=ln| x|+lnc (c >0)
5 5
v+3
ln | |
v −2
5
=ln(c 5|x| )
v +3
=± c 5 x5
v−2
N = ±c 5
v +3 1 1
=N x 5 then let =vx so v =
v−2 y xy
1
+3
xy 1+3 xy 1 ' −1
= =N x 5 when N=0 then y= 3 x so y = 3 x2
1 1−2 xy
−2
xy
−1 −1 2 1
3 x2
+ 6 ( )
3x
= 2
X
1 1 1 1 2 1
2
+ 6 . 2 = 2 so 2 +¿ 2
= 2
3x 9x x 3x 3x x
1 1
=
x2 x 2
Please compare the above solution with the old way
and see the differences
Example 4
Solve y =x ¿ ' 3
Solution
1. by the new way
' 3 2 y 2 3 y
y =x ( y −2 xy + x ) + = x y 2 −2 x 4 y + x 5+
x x
7
3 1 4
A= x ; B= x −2 x ; C=x 5 ; y ₁=x
dy
+ ( 2 Ay+ B ) y=− A
dx
dy 1
dx [ ]
+ 2 x 3 ( x ) + −2 x 4 y = - x 3
x
dy 1
+ y
dx x = -
x3
∫ dx
Iₓ=e x
=elnx =x
5
3 −x
xy=∫ − ( x ) x dx= +c
5
5 c−x 5
∧1
.y= 5 x =
5x
then
y 5 c−x 5
1 5x Nx−x 6 +5 x 5 x ( c +1 )−x 6
y ₂= y ₁+ =x + = =
y N −x 5 N −x5 N−x 5
Where N=5c
Example 5
Solve
1
x 2 y ' =x 2 y 2+ xy −3 eq ,(1)
and y₁ = x
divide eq.(1) by ( x ¿ we get 2
y 3
y'= y2 + − 2
x x
1 −3
A=1 , B= x
∧C= 2
x
dy
+ ( 2 Ay ₁+ B ) y =− A
dx
dy 2 1 3
( )
+ + y=−1 ,
dx x x p(x) = x
∫ 3 dx
I(x) = e=e 3 lnx=x 3
x
3 3 −x 4
,y ∫
x = −x dx+ c=
4
+c
4 c−x 4
∧1
.y= −x34 + c x−3= −x + c3 = 4 x 3 =
4 x3
4x 4 x y 4 c−x 4
8
1 4 x3 4 c−x 4 + 4 x 4 3 x 4 + N
.y₂= +
x 4 c −x 4
= 4
x ( 4 c−x )
=
Nx−x
5
where N=4 c END
Example 6
Solve x ( 1−x ) y =x + y−2 x y
3 ' 2 2
Solution
Divide by x ( 1−x ) 3
x2 y 2 x y2
y'= + - 3
x ( 1−x3 ) x ( 1−x 3 ) x(1−x )
x y 2 y2
= 1−x 3 x−x 4 1−x 3
+ −
−2 1 x
A= 1−x 3 , B= x−x 4 and C= 1−x 3
dy
+ ( 2 Ay ₁+ B ) y =− A
dx
dy −2
+¿ )y= -
dx 1−x 3
dy 1−4 x 3 2
+ y=¿
dx x−x 4
1−x 3
Let u=x – x thendu=1−4 x
4 3
du
Ix= e∫ =e =u= x – x
u lnu 4
3
dy ( 4 1−4 x x−x 4
( x−x ¿¿ 4 ) + x−x ) y= ¿=x
dx x−x 4 1−x 3
2
y( x−x 4 )=∫ xdx +c= x2 +c

x 2+ 2 c 4
1 2(x−x )
.y= 2(x−x 4 ) so y x2 +2 c =
4
2 2(x−x )
.y₂= x +
x 2+ N
where N=2c
9
Conclusions
As it is clear that Alsultani D . E .2 is the fast and direct

way to solve Ricatti equation
References
[1] Ricatti Jacopo (1724) ‘Animadversiones in
aequationes differentials secunde
Gradus ‘ (Observations regarding differential
equations of the second order),
Actorum Eruditorum,quae Lipsiae publicantur,
Supplementa, 8 : 66-73. Translation
Of the original Latin into English by Ian Bruce .
[2] Ince. E. L. (1956) [1926], Ordinary Differential
Equations, New York: Dover
Publications, pp. 23-25
[3] https://ijisrt.com/new-way-to-solve-the-first-
order-linear-de-which-consist-of-three-terms
10

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Fast Way to solve Ricatti Equation

ABDUL HUSSEIN KADHUM ALSULTANI

In mathematics a Ricatti equation in the narrowest

Ricatti equation denotes that

where A(x) ,B(x) and C(x) are functions of (x) but

particular solution ( y ₁ ) thenif it ∃∨equal zero

so let (y₂) is a new point exits on the curve and

Now multiplying the above eq. by (- y ¿ we get 2

here we see that there is no need to the complicated

A=1 , B= -2x and C= x 2

At the beginning we see that the particular solution

(c-2)(c+1)=0 and c=-1 or c=2 we will take

y( x−x 4 )=∫ xdx +c= x2 +c

As it is clear that Alsultani D . E .2 is the fast and direct

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