Lab Session 2

Table of Contents
1. Measurement.......................................................................................................................2
2. Systems of Units.................................................................................................................2
2.1. M.K.S system..................................................................................................................2
2.2. F.P.S system....................................................................................................................2
2.3. C.G.S system...................................................................................................................2
2.4. Internal system of units(SI units)....................................................................................2
3. Prefixes...............................................................................................................................2
4. Base units............................................................................................................................3
5. Supplementary units...........................................................................................................3
6. Derived units.......................................................................................................................3
7. Imperial system of units......................................................................................................4
7.1. Length..........................................................................................................................4
7.2. Mass& Weights...........................................................................................................4
7.3. Liquid capacity............................................................................................................4
7.4. Area.............................................................................................................................4
8. Traditional Indian units for area.........................................................................................4
8.1. Traditional Indian units for weights................................................................................4
Lab report#02
1. Measurement
The process of measuring a physical quantity with standard is known as measurement.
2. Systems of Units
There are only four systems of units, which are commonly used and universally recognised.
These are known as,
 M.K.S system
 F.P.S system
 C.G.S system
 International system of units(SI units)
2.1. M.K.S system

In this system, the fundamental units of length, mass and time are metre, kilogram and
second
respectively. The M.K.S. units are known as gravitational units or engineer's units.
2.2. F.P.S system

In this system, the fundamental units of length, mass and time are foot, pound and second
respectively
2.3. C.G.S system

In this system, the fundamental units of length, mass and time are centimetre, gram and
second respectively. The C.G.S. units are known as absolute units or physicist's units.
2.4. Internal system of units(SI units)

With the development in the field of science and technology, the need for commonly
acceptable system of units was seriously felt over all over the world particularly to exchange
scientific and technical information. The eleventh General Conference on Weight and
Measure held in Paris in 1960 adopted a world-wide system of measurement called
International System of Units
Prefix Symbol Power of Ten
3. Yotta- 1024 Prefixes
Zetta 10 21
Prefixes are letter or words
that are Exa- E 10 18 added before SI units such
as kilo, Peta- P 1015 giga, mega etc. A prefix
Tera- T 10 12 represents a factor by
which Giga- G 10 9 the base unit must be
Mega- M 10 6 multiplied.
Kilo- K 103
Hecto- H 102
Deka- da 101
Prefix Symbol Power of ten
Deci- d 10-1
Centi- c 10-2
Milli- m 10-3
Micro- µ 10-6
Nano- n 10-9
Pico- p 10-12
Femto- f 10-15
Atto- a 10-18
Zepto z 10-21
Yocto y 10-24
4. Base units
The units which describes the base quantities are known as base units. There are seven base
quantities which are length, mass, time , temperature, electric current, amount of substance
and intensity of light.
Physical Quantity Name of Unit Abbreviatio
n
Length meter m
Mass kilogram kg
Temperature Kelvin K
Time second s
Amount of Substance mole mol
Electric Current Ampere A
Luminous Intensity Candela Cd
Table 1 Base units
5. Supplementary units
The supplementary units are given in the following table,
Physical quantity Unit name
Phase angle Radian
Solid angle Sector radian
Table 2 Supplementary units
6. Derived units
Derived units are defined in terms of base units and are obtained by multiplying or dividing
one or more base units with each other. Some examples of derived units are listed in the
following table,
Property Symbol Dimensions Name
-1
Velocity v m·s
Area A m2
Frequency v s-1 Hertz (Hz)
Force F kg · m · s-2 Newton (N)
Energy E kg · m2 · s-2 Joule (J)
Table 3 Derived units
7. Imperial system of units

US customary units are known as Imperial system of units. They are given below,
7.1. Length
1 foot=12inches
1 foot=304.8mm
1 inch=25.4 mm
1 yard=3 feet
1 furlong=200 Yards
1 mile=8 furlongs
7.2. Mass& Weights
1 ounce=437.5 grams
1 pound ( Ib)=16 ounce
1 stone=14 pounds
1 centium weight =100 pounds=1 hundered weight
2 centium weight=200 pounds=1 ton
7.3. Liquid capacity

1 pint =16 fluid ounce=16 fl . ounce
1 quaretr=2 pints
1 gallon=4 pints
1 gallon=8 pints
7.4. Area
1 sq . foot=144 sq . inches
1 sq . yard=9 sq . feet
1 sq . mile=640 acre
1 acre=43560 sq . feet
8. Traditional Indian units for area

1 acre=8 kanal
1 knal=20 marla
1 marla=272.25 sq . feet
8.1. Traditional Indian units for weights

1 ratti=8 grains of rice
1 masha=8 ratti
1 tola=12 masha
1 chattank=5 tola
1 sair=16 chattank
1 mann=50 sair
1 ton=25 mann

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Table of Contents

2.1. M.K.S system

2.2. F.P.S system

2.3. C.G.S system

2.4. Internal system of units(SI units)

7. Imperial system of units

7.3. Liquid capacity

8. Traditional Indian units for area

8.1. Traditional Indian units for weights

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