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TCP/IP Stack Tutorial 

Besides the OSI model there was another organization that created a similar reference Course Contents
model which never became quite as popular.
CCNA Routing & Switching ICND1 100-105

 Unit 1: Introduction

 Unit 2: Network Fundamentals

Introduction to the OSI Model

Introduction to the TCP/IP Stack Model

Introduction to Internet Protocol version

4 (IPv4)

IPv4 Packet Header

ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)

Introduction to TCP and UDP

TCP Header

TCP Window Scaling

02:02
Introduction to ICMP

Introduction to DNS

How to troubleshoot Networks

Introduction to Cisco IOS CLI (Command

When I’m talking about “not popular” I mean the TCP/IP stack model isn’t used
Line Interface)
 often as a reference model…when we talk about layers, people always refer to
User mode and Privileged Mode Security
the OSI model. On networks nowadays we use TCP/IP all the time…
 Unit 3: LAN Switching Fundamentals

 Unit 4: IPv4 Routing Fundamentals

However if you are studying for Cisco CCNA you’ll need to know what it looks like. It’s  Unit 5: IPv6

called the TCP/IP stack and it’s similar except some of the layers are combined and have  Unit 6: Network Services

different names. Here’s what it looks like:  Unit 7: Network Management

 Unit 8: Practice Exam

As you can see the upper three layers are now combined to the “Application layer”. The
network layer is called the “Internet” layer and the bottom 2 layers are combined into the
“Network Access” layer.
Here’s a comparison between the two models:

Basically it’s the same idea, same model except with some layers combined and different
names.  The physical and data link layer are combined into the network access layer. The
network layer is now the internet layer and the session, presentation and application
layer are combined into a single application layer.

« Previous Lesson

Introduction to the OSI

Model
Next Lesson
Introduction to Internet
Protocol version 4 (IPv4)
»
 Tags: OSI

Forum Replies

sreejith

Hi Rene\Andrew,

So are you saying both OSI and TCP\IP models were introduced as a reference models(theoretical model) by 2 different organizations and later TCP\IP
became popular to implement in real world . Couldn’t they try to implement OSI stack ? I see only TCP\IP stack in all the computers in today’s world.

ReneMolenaar

Hi Sreenath,

The OSI model was meant to be a standard for how we connect different devices together and created ISO (International Organization for
Standardization). It describes different layers and how encapsulation works etc.

IP and TCP were developed as part of the DoD (Department of Defense) ARPA project and TCP/IP happens to the most used stack nowadays. We had
other protocols like Appletalk and IPX in the past.

ISO also created their own “IP” equivalent which you can still witness if you work with IS-IS. You can read a bit about it here:

https://networkl

... Continue reading in our forum


lagapides

Hello Sorin

Yes, this is Cisco’s attempt to promote this new TCP/IP model in their curriculum, and to be honest, it’s not a bad idea. When we talk about networking, we
usually use the OSI model layer names and numbers. We talk about a L2 or L3 switch, or L2 functionality as switching and L3 functionality as routing, and
L4 operation as TCP sessions and UDP datagrams. The problem is that all of these technologies are not actually modeled around the OSI model but
around the TCP/IP model. So according to the TCP/IP model, switching is L1, routing is L2 and TCP

... Continue reading in our forum

ss.serbanescu

@lagapides,

Thank you for your explanation, make sense of what you say.

I just hope I won’t get confused. There are three network models (ISO, TCP/IP, TCP/IP updated) that more or less look the same and they were supposed to
define a common standard.

Anyway thanks again.

Regards,

Soren.

abrbjy100

Thank you Lazaros Agapides for your explanation it is very clear .

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