Thermo Fluid Mechanics

Aerodynamics

KH5033MAA

Martin Amgad
CU2001150
12/07/2021
Dr.Shenouda Mikhael
Abstract
Aerodynamic studies are essential to help determine if the examined entity is subsonic or if the
Mach number, or the operating velocity of a flowing product in relation to air, is more than or
less than one determines whether it would be supersonic. As a result, you'll research on the
exterior flow process using the wind tunnel procedure described in the article. Whenever it
comes to finding the best items in the wind tunnel, this is an essential aerodynamic
experimentation. This experiment is valuable since it teaches us about the significance of flowing
fluid and how it affects an item's aeronautical qualities; hence, all stresses and forces acting on
an object were measured and quantified inside this document.

Table of contents
Contents
Abstract.......................................................................................................................................................2
Table of contents.........................................................................................................................................3
Introduction to aerodynamics.................................................................................................................4
Aerodynamics of an airplane...................................................................................................................4
General description of the wind tunnel.......................................................................................................5
Readings of the Manometer....................................................................................................................6
Experiment #1: Drag vs. Lift on an Air foil Shape.........................................................................................6
Experiment #2: So over drag model, show both the pressure difference and the air streamlines
movement...................................................................................................................................................6
Conclusion...............................................................................................................................................7
Introduction to aerodynamics

Whenever a body moves with a speed in a fluid and makes an angle with the flow path of the
flowing fluid, the body is subjected to a force. Drag refers to the component of force operating
along the stream line, while lift refers to the component of force acting orthogonally
(perpendicular) to the stream line. The body's weight works downwards, and the thrust force
created by the body moves in the same direction as the body. Those aerodynamic forces which
an object in a fluid will encounter in life of its flow are known as lift and drag. This fluid could
be either a gas or a liquid. These forces are called aerodynamic forces when the fluid is a gas,
and hydrodynamic forces when the fluid is a liquid.

Aerodynamics of an airplane

The science of the dynamics of air motions over a moving body is known as aerodynamics.
Whenever an airplane accelerates through the runway to take off, the air as well as the aircraft's
wings experience a relative motion. The aircraft's forward speed increases the activity of airflow
over just under the wings, influential and effective and allowing for all sorts of powered flight.
The differential pressure between the top and lower surfaces of the wing are mostly due to the
curves of the upper and lower surfaces of the wing. The ensuing pressure creates a net force that
gives the wing 'Lift.'
General description of the wind tunnel
This identical "TA300/300C" manual Aerodynamic Tunnel, with a diameter of 300 mm, was
designed to study subsonic aerodynamics in an open-circuit voltage tunnel with incompressible
subsonic flow. At the tunnel's discharge end, a differential fan sucks air in. A wide range of
models and accessories are available, allowing for comprehensive subsonic aerodynamics
research. The air is drawn in by the differential fan, which is located on the tunnel's downstream
side. There are a variety of tools and attachments that can be used to investigate subsonic
aerodynamics thoroughly. The unit contains many tunnel sections. As the flow crosses them, the
lips, haven part, contraction, working area, diffuser, and blades are in the same order. Lips and a
haven section are employed just at the tunnel intake to reduce pressure loss and flow disturbance.
Thanks to a 9.5:1 contraction ratio and a correctly installed fan, airflow across the working
surface is well established. The contraction's contour curve was studied. The working area is
discovered following the contraction. It comprises of a consistent section tract in which the
simulations are built and a transverse section in which the models can be observed at various
pressure levels. A diffuser is installed at the tunnel outflow to prevent disturbances that could
affect the overall performance of the working area. An axial-flow fan installed at the tunnel's exit
pipe provides a more uniform velocity profile at the work site.

Figure 1
Readings of the Manometer

Figure 2

Experiment #1: Lift vs. Drag on an Air foil Shape

Throughout this experiment, we'll study about the numerous variables that impact lift and
drag forces above an airfoil. To begin with, the relationship between the impact angle and the lift
and drag forces changes with time. Slaps and flaps have a significant effect on an airfoil's
aerodynamics. Understanding the concept Sensory calibrating and how it affects readings are
discussed. Examining all of the factors that determine an airfoil's drag and lift responses. This
same physics of an aero plane during take-off and touchdown.

Experiment #2: So over drag model, show both the pressure difference and the air
streamlines movement.
In this study, we'll look at just how streamlining travel around an airfoil at different angles of
attack, as well as how the differential pressure varies as the airfoil shape changes. NACA 0009 is
a version of an airfoil. Set the device in the testing area. Start the smoke maker and wait for the
smoke to appear. After that, operate the wind tunnel at different velocities at a rate of 10 m/s and
photograph the pressure gradient in the manometer and the streamlining flow.

Conclusion
In this experiment we used a wind tunnel in the lab to make a number of findings about the link
between air speed and pressure. We also employed the tunnel to model the effects of severe
winds on automobiles and structures, then extended the results to see how actual storms would
affect similar objects. Our findings revealed that pressure and wind velocity are exactly
proportional: as when the wind speed in the tunnel increased, likewise did the pressure detected
by the manometer.

References

(2021). Retrieved 8 December 2021, from https://www.mech4study.com/2019/04/lift-and-drag-force.html

(2021). Retrieved 9 December 2021, from https://codecogs.com/library/engineering/aerodynamics/basic-
aerodynamics-theory.php

Appendix