Instructor: Dr.
MOHAMMED ABDUL AMEER ALHUMAIRI
MISAN UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING – PETROLEUM DEPARTMENT
PRODUCTION ENGINEERING II
[email protected]
DIFFUSIVITY EQUATION
DEFFUSIVITY EQUATION IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT EQUATION IN PETROLEUM
ENGINEERING, USE TO ANALYSIS WELL TEST DATA WHERE THE TIME ( T ) IS COMMNLY REORDED
IN HOURS.
THE EQAUTION CAN BE WERITTEN AS
DIFFUSIVITY EQUATION
DIFFUSIVITY EQUATION DESIGNED TO DETERMINE THE
PRESSURE AS A FUNCTION OF TIME AND POSITION, WHERE :
= 1/δ DIFFUSIVITY CONSTANT
𝜕2𝑝 1 𝜕𝑝 1 𝜕𝑝
2
+ =
𝜕 𝑟 𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝛿 𝜕𝑡
DIFFUSIVITY EQUATION
The assumption and limitation using:
1- Homogeneous and isotropic porous medium.
2- Uniform thickness.
3- Single phase flow.
4- Laminar flow .
5- Rock and fluid properties independent of pressure.
Note that for steady state flow p/t=0 ( no change with time)
For that :
𝜕2𝑝 1 𝜕𝑝
2
+ = 0 𝑙𝑎𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑒𝑑𝑦 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑒
𝜕 𝑟 𝑟 𝜕𝑟
DIFFUSIVITY EQUATION
There are two solution for the diffusivity equation :
1- constant terminal rate solution: the flow rate will
be constant and radial flow.
2- constant terminal pressure: constant terminal
pressure such water influx in oil and gas reservoir ,
and radial system.
For constant terminal rate solution we have two
solutions:
1- EI function.
2- Dimension less PD solution.
DIFFUSIVITY EQUATION
Constant terminal rate solution: such as drawdown and pressure build up analysis when
producing the well at constant flow rate and recording the flowing pressure as a function of
time P( rw, t)
EI function solution ( line source solution ):
Assumption :
1- Infinite acting reservoir.
2- The well produce at constant rate.
3- Uniform Pi, when production start.
4- The well is centered in a cylindrical reservoir re, rw ( the well has zero radius).
5- No flow across the outer boundary.
DIFFUSIVITY EQUATION
The solution for the equation is :
where p is the pressure at distance r from the well at time t
Qo stb/day, k=md, t=hr, EI(-x)= exponential integral..
EI(-x) =ln(1.781 X) for X<0.01 when r=rw or very small
EI(-x) =0 for X>10.9
DIFFUSIVITY EQUATION
948 ∗ ∅ ∗ 𝜇 ∗ 𝑟2
𝑋=
𝑘∗𝑡
EXAMPLE TO APPLY THE EI FUNCTION SOLUTION
Qo=20 stb/day, µo=0.72 cp, k=0.1 md, ct=1.5*10-5 PSI -1, Pi=3000 psi, re=3000 ft, re=0.5 ft, Bo=1.475
Rb/STB, h=150 ft, =0.23, S=.
Calculate reservoir pressure at a radius of 1ft, after 3 hr of production, then calculate the pressure at a
radius of 10, 100 ft after 3 hr.
Solution : the EI function solution is not an accurate solution to flow equation until
3.79∗105∗∅∗𝜇∗𝑐𝑡∗𝑟𝑤2
t> 𝑘
so, we need to check the condtion to apply EI function solution,
−
5
3.79∗105∗0.23∗0.72∗1.5∗10 ∗0.52
.
01 = 2.35 ℎ𝑟 < 𝑡 = 3 ℎ𝑟
The assumption of zero well size is good, so we can apply the flow equation:
Also we can check if the reservoir is infinite acting reservoir by Appling the following condition or equation:
−
2
948∗∅∗𝜇∗𝑐𝑡∗𝑟𝑒 948∗0.23∗0.72∗1.5∗10 5∗30002
= =211,934.9 hr
𝑘 0.1
that is mean for time less than 211,934.9 hr we can use the floe equation .
For that we need to check the time ( for example 3 hr as given data) if it is greater than 2.35hr or less 211.9 hr
The EI function can be applied .
Now apply the EI function solution for the given data:
−
10 5
70.6∗20∗1.475∗0.72 −948∗0.23∗0.72∗1.5∗ ∗12
𝑝(1 𝑓𝑡, 3 ℎ𝑟) = 𝑝𝑖 + ∗ 𝐸𝑖( )
0.1∗150 0.1∗3
P(1,3)=3000+100*Ei(-0.007849)
if EI (-0.007849)=Ei(-x) when x<0.02 then Ei(-X)= ln(1.781*x)=ln(1.781*0.007849)=-4.27
So : P(1,3) =3000+100*-4.27=2573 Psi note that P(1,3) less than PI=3000 psi
Now again to find the value pf pressure inside the reservoir for p(10 ft , 3 hr ) apply the same
− equation
70.6∗20∗1.475∗0.72 −948∗0.23∗0.72∗1.5∗10 5∗102
𝑝(10 𝑓𝑡, 3 ℎ𝑟) = 𝑝𝑖 + ∗ 𝐸𝑖( )
0.1∗150 0.1∗3
P(10,3)=3000+100*Ei(-0.7849)
From Ei function tables inter with the value of x=0.7849 and find the value of Ei(-x)=-0.318
So p(10,3) =3000+100*-0.318=2968 psi also we can note that the value of P(10,3) < pi=3000 psi
Now for r=100 ft and after 3 hr production we can calculate the value of reservoir
− pressure by using Ei function
70.6∗20∗1.475∗0.72 −948∗0.23∗0.72∗1.5∗10 5∗1002
𝑝(100 𝑓𝑡, 3 ℎ𝑟) = 𝑝𝑖 + ∗ 𝐸𝑖( )
0.1∗150 0.1∗3
P(100,3 )=3000+100*Ei(-78.49)
As we know that if X>10.9 then Ei(-x)=0
So P(100,3) =3000+100*0
P(100,3)=3000 psi
it is mean that any value above 100 ft , the value of pressure
inside the reservoir still 3000 psi , and also we can conclude from this specific example
that for the time between 2.35 hr> t hr < 211,934.9 hr it can be applied the Ei function
solution.
