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Object Oriented Programming CS F213: BITS Pilani

The document provides an overview of object-oriented programming concepts including class, object, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction. It defines key terms like class, object, abstract data type and provides examples. It explains the three main OOP principles of encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. Encapsulation binds data to code that manipulates it, keeping it safe from external interference. Inheritance allows new classes to extend existing classes, reusing their attributes and methods. Polymorphism allows the same method to have different meanings depending on the type of data passed.

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81 views

Object Oriented Programming CS F213: BITS Pilani

The document provides an overview of object-oriented programming concepts including class, object, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction. It defines key terms like class, object, abstract data type and provides examples. It explains the three main OOP principles of encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism. Encapsulation binds data to code that manipulates it, keeping it safe from external interference. Inheritance allows new classes to extend existing classes, reusing their attributes and methods. Polymorphism allows the same method to have different meanings depending on the type of data passed.

Uploaded by

ArtZilla YT
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Object Oriented Programming

CS F213
BITS Pilani
Pilani Campus
OOP Basics
BITS Pilani
Pilani Campus
Basic OOP concepts

• Class
• Object
• Encapsulation
• Inheritance
• Polymorphism

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Abstract Data Type (ADT)

• A structure that contains both data and the actions to be


performed on that data.

• Abstract Datatype is a special kind of datatype, whose


behavior is defined by a set of values (data) and set of
operations (actions)

• Class is an implementation of an Abstract Data Type.

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


Examples
Person Objects

Abstract Person Class


Into Attributes: Name, Age, Sex
Operations: Speak(), Listen(), Walk()

Vehicle Objects

Abstract Vehicle Class


Into Attributes: Name, Model, Color
Operations: Start(), Stop(), Accelerate()

Polygon Objects

Polygon Class
Abstract Attributes: Vertices, Border,
Into Color, FillColor
Operations: Draw(), Erase(), Move()

Figure 1.12: Objects and classes


BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Class
• Class is a set of attributes and operations that are
performed on the attributes.
• A blueprint from which individual objects can be
created.
• A class defines all the properties common to the object
- attributes and methods.

Student Circle
Account

accountName Name: String centre


accountBalance Age: int radius
studentId: String
withdraw() area()
deposit() getName(): String
circumference()
determineBalance() getId(): String

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


Objects

• Instance of the class

• Entity that has state and behavior

• Each object has an address and takes up memory

• It can communicate without knowing other object’s code


or data

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Classes vs. Objects

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Classes/Objects

John and Jill are


:John
Student objects of class
Student
:Jill

:circleA circleA and circleB


Circle are
:circleB objects of class
Circle
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Object
• Objects have state and classes don’t.
John is an object (instance) of class Student.
name = “John”, age = 20, studentId = 1236

Jill is an object (instance) of class Student.


name = “Jill”, age = 22, studentId = 2345

circleA is an object (instance) of class Circle.


centre = (20,10), radius = 25

circleB is an object (instance) of class Circle.


centre = (0,0), radius = 10

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


BITS Pilani
Pilani Campus

THREE OOP PRINCIPLES


Encapsulation
• Encapsulation is:
– Binding the data with the code
that manipulates it.
– It keeps the data and the code
safe from external interference

• Information can be manipulated through operations


performed on the object. Implementation is hidden from the
user.

• Object support Information Hiding/Abstraction – Some


attributes and methods can be hidden from the user.
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Inheritance

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


Inheritance
• New data types (classes) can be defined as extensions
to previously defined types.
• Parent Class (Super Class) – Child Class (Sub Class)
• Subclass inherits properties from the parent class.

Parent
Inherited
capability

Child

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


Inheritance - Example
• Example
– Define Person to be a class
• A Person has attributes, such as name, age, height, gender

– Define student to be a subclass of Person


• A student has all attributes of Person, plus attributes of
his/her own ( student no, course_enrolled)
• A student inherits all attributes of Person

– Define lecturer to be a subclass of Person


• Lecturer has all attributes of Person, plus attributes of
his/her own ( staff_id, subjectID1, subjectID2)

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


Inheritance - Example
• Circle Class can be a subclass (inherited from ) of a
parent class - Shape

Shape

Circle Rectangle

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Uses of Inheritance - Reuse
• If multiple classes have common attributes/methods,
these methods can be moved to a common class -
parent class.

• This allows reuse since the implementation is not


repeated.

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


Reuse-Example
Circle Rectangle
centre
centre height
radius width
area() area()
circumference() circumference()
move(newCentre) move(newCentre)

move(newCentre){
move(newCentre){
centre = newCentre;
centre = newCentre;
}
}

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


Reuse-Example
Shape

centre move(newCentre){
centre = newCentre
}
move(newCentre)

Circle Rectangle

height
radius width

area() area()
circumference() circumference()

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


Polymorphism

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


Polymorphism
• Polymorphic which means “many forms” has Greek
roots.
– Poly – many
– Morphos - forms.

• In OO paradigm polymorphism has many forms.

• Allow a single object, method, operator associated with


different meaning depending on the type of data passed
to it.

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


Polymorphism – Method Overloading
• Multiple methods can be defined with the same name,
different input arguments.
Method 1 - initialize(int a)
Method 2 - initialize(int a, int b)

• Appropriate method will be called based on the input


arguments.
initialize(2) Method 1 will be called.
initialize(2,4) Method 2 will be called.

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Go to menti.com and
use code: 75 70 63 8

BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus


Query: Difference between
abstraction and encapsulation

Abstraction Encapsulation
• Hides unwanted • Treats data and method
information i.e. helps us as an entity and hides it
to ignore how certain from outside i.e. Access
operations are to these attributes and
implemented. method are restricted.
• Java implements • Java implements
abstraction using abstract encapsulation using
classes and interfaces. access modifiers.

NOTE: you will understand these difference more clearly when


inheritance, interfaces and access modifiers are dealt.
BITS Pilani, Deemed to be University under Section 3 of UGC Act, 1956

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