Part 1. Unit 1.

THE STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT AND DEVELOPMENT TASK

MODULE 2
SOURCE: ROBERT HAVIGHURST

TASK 1: Answer the questions under ANALYSIS NOS. 1 – 5

1. How many developmental stages were described? How do these stages
compare to Havighurst’s developmental stages given below?

Havighurst has identified six major age periods:

a. Infancy and early childhood (0-5 years)
- As newborns, we were not empty-headed
organisms. We cried, kicked, coughed, sucked, saw,
heard and tasted. We slept a lot and occasionally we
smiled, although the meaning of our smiles was not
entirely clear. We crawled and then we walked, a
journey of a thousand miles beginning with a single
step.
b. Middle childhood (6-12 years) -Middle childhood
(usually defined as ages 6 to 12) is a time when
children develop foundational skills for building
healthy social relationships and learn roles that will prepare them for adolescence
and adulthood.

c. Adolescence (13-18 years)

- The typical age range of adolescence is from 12 to
18 years, and this stage of development also has
some predictable physical, cognitive, and
psychosocial milestones.

d. Early adulthood (19-29 years)

-It is a time when most of us finish school, find a
career we enjoy and create a family of our own

e. Middle adulthood (30-60 years)

-From the developmental perspective, middle
adulthood (or midlife) refers to the period of the
lifespan between young adulthood and old age.
This period lasts from 30-60 years depending on
how these stages, ages, and tasks are culturally
defined.

f. Later maturity (61+)

Late adulthood is the stage of life from the 60s onward; it constitutes the last
stage of physical change. ... During late adulthood the skin continues to lose
elasticity, reaction time slows further, and muscle strength diminishes.
2. What is an outstanding trait or behavior of each stage?
 Havighurst's developmental task model includes six stages of life:
 infancy and early childhood from birth to age 5,
 middle childhood between ages 6 and 12,
 adolescence between ages 13 and 18,
 early adulthood between ages 19 and 30,
 middle adulthood from age 30 to age 60,
 and later maturity, which is after age 60

3. What task/s is/are expected of each developmental stage?

 The concept of developmental tasks assumes that human development in
modern societies is characterized by a long series of tasks of individual
development that are sequential, with later skills building upon earlier
skills.
4. Does a developmental task in a higher level require accomplishment of
the lower-level developmental tasks?
 Developmental tasks refer to a physical or cognitive skill that a person
must accomplish during a particular age period to continue development.
A developmental task for infants is walking, which is followed by the
development of a sense of autonomy in the toddler period.

5. Refer to Havighurt’s Developmental Tasks given in the table on the next page.
Match the descriptions given by Santrock. Are Havighurst and Santrock saying the
same things?
 Development stages cited by Santrock are the same with Havighurst's six
(6) developmental stages only that Havighurst did not include prenatal
period. Havighurst combined infancy and early childhood while Santrock
mention them as two (2) separate stages.
APPLICATION
1. Answer this question with a learning partner. What are the implications of
these developmental tasks to your role as a teacher and or parent? Let’s pay
particular attention to each of the developmental stages - prenatal period,
infancy, early childhood, middle and late childhood and adolescence.
Preschool period - what are pregnant others supposed to do to
ensure the birth of a normal and healthy baby? Infancy what should mother and
baby sitters do and not do to help infants develop normally and healthily?
Let’s do #1. Early Childhood - What are preschool teachers supposed
to do with preschoolers? Help them develop readiness for school and not
to be too academic in teaching approach. They ought to give much time
for preschoolers to play. Or perhaps help preschoolers develop school
readiness by integrating children’s games in school activities.
Middle and Late Childhood
Elementary school teacher ought to help their pupils by guiding them what
to do and show them how to do things that is easily understandable by the
students.
Parents can help their children who are now young adults by explaining them the
possible consequences of their impulsive decisions. They are at the stage where
sex and love would occupy their system. At this stage, they are also starting to
build their career so the parents should give their full support.

Adolescence
High school teachers ought to help their students by making them more
understanding about their situation because adolescence tends to be more fragile
of what is happening in and around them.
Parents ought to help their teenage children by understanding their situation.
They should also be more sensitive about what is happening to their children
especially that they are in the stage of confusion.

Early Adulthood College

Teachers ought to help their students by to know how to be responsible. Most
early adulthood students are on legal age and consenting adults, and is more
impulsive in making decisions. They should also help the students to gain
knowledge because they will enter the next stage of their life, which is working.
Parents can help their children who are now young adults by explaining them the
possible consequences of their impulsive decisions. They are at the stage where
sex and love would occupy their system. At this stage, they are also starting to
build their career so the parents should give their full support.

Middle Adulthood
What should adults do to obtain satisfaction in their career? What should schools
teach for students to be prepared for middle adulthood? In their retirement,
adults should
focus on their career for their future retirement but not at the point where they
will neglect their self. Given that they are aging, they should be more stable when
they reach adulthood.
Late adulthood
In their retirement, adults should focus more on their self. Their welfare should
be on top because their health will slowly decline. And at this age, they became
more sociable and open to the new changes in the society.

How should children relate to their parents in their late adulthood stage? What
should teachers teach to students on how they should treat and relate to parent,
grandparents in their late adulthood?
 As their family, it would be normal for us to take good care of them and
nurse them on their late adulthood stage. We need to be more understanding
because their attitude will also change. We should show more love and give a lot
of attention to them. We need to understand them because we will also reach
that point where will need the affection as we get older.

TASK 3: SYNAPSE STRENGTHERES

1. Complete this unfinished sentence.
Developmental tasks are - expected of every individual. Robert
Havighurst defines developmental task as one that “arises at a certain
period in our life, the successful achievement of which leads to happiness
and success with later tasks while failure leads to unhappiness, social
disapproval, and difficulty with later tasks.

2.As a group, show the developmental stages by means of a PowerPoint

presentation or a video clip that you work inclusive of the ages. Write also the
outstanding characteristic trait and developmental task of each developmental
stage.
1. Prenatal period (from conception to birth) - It involves tremendous
growth- from a single cell to an organism completes with brain .and behavioral
capabilities.
2. Infancy (from birth to 18-24 months) - A time of extreme dependence on
adults. Many psychological activities are just beginning - language, symbolic
thought, sensorimotor coordination and social learning.
3. Early childhood (end of infancy to 5-6 years (Grade I) - These are the preschool
years. Young children learn to become more self-sufficient and to care for
themselves, develop school readiness skills and spend many hours in play with
peers.
4. Middle and late childhood (6-11 years of age, the elementary school years) -
The fundamental skills of reading, writing and arithmetic are mastered. The child
is formally exposed to the larger world and its culture. Achievement becomes a
more central theme of the child s world and self-control increases.
5. Adolescence - (10-12 years of age. ending up to 18-22 years of age) Begins
with rapid physical changes - dramatic gains in height and weight, changes in
body contour, and the development of sexual characteristics such as enlargement
of the breasts, development of pubic and facial hair, and deepening of the voice.
Pursuit of independence and identity are prominent. Thought is more logical,
abstract and idealistic. More time is spent outside of the family.
6. Early adulthood (from late teens or early 20s lasting through the 30s) - It is a
time of establishing personal and economic independence, career development,
selecting a mate, learning to live with someone in an intimate way, starting a
family and rearing child.
7. Middle adulthood (40 to 60 years of age) - It is a time of expanding personal
and social involvement and responsibility; of assisting the next generation in
becoming competent and mature individuals; and of reaching and maintaining
satisfaction in a career.
8. Late adulthood (60s and above) It is a time for adjustment to decreasing
strength and health, life review, retirement, and adjustment to new social roles.
TASK 5: RESEARCH CONNECTION
INDIVIDUAL OUTPUTS

Aydalla, Raymond
I-BSED Science A
The Child and Adolescence and Learning Principles

Task 4 Test Your Understanding

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REFLECTION

Yes, the people around me, they are one of the reasons why I became this
person. My environment, I always adopt what I see in my colleagues. My unique
experiences in our environment influence whether and how particular traits are
expressed and at the same time, our genes influence how we interact with our
environment. We are all born with specific genetic traits inherited from our
parents.
When I was a child, I always think of what just makes me happy, I don’t think
what other people feels, I do what I want to do. But now I always think of what
are the consequences or result of my doings and works. If it is pleasing or
acceptable or if it will benefit me and help me to improve and become a better
person.

If it is a developmental skill, a student won’t be able to learn it until they are

ready. As a teacher, what I can do is realize students on their own developmental
time line and even though in general students of a certain age are at a certain
level all may not be.
Reading is a good example of a developmental skill addressed by teachers. A
child whose brain is not ready to read will not read no matter what a teacher
does. You can’t teach developmental skills, you can only encourage them and
feed them once the child is ready and so the best thing a teacher can do is be
aware of what skills actually are developmental (or not) and then be sensitive and
responsive to the needs of individual students in the class.

Preyera, Omar C.
I-BSED Science A
TASK 4: TEST YOUR UNDERSTANDING (Individual Task)
I. Put a check () beside those statements that are correct and an (x) beside those
that are wrong. If your answer is an x explain why.
× 1. Developmental tasks are only for the first 3 stages of human
development.
- Developmental task are not only for the first 3 stages of human
development. There are eight (😎 developmental stage and it a part of
developmental task.
× 2. Failure of achieving developmental tasks in an earlier stage also means
failure for the learner to master the developmental task in the next stage.
- No, because even if he does not achieve the developmental task in the
earlier stage, he will still be able to develop or to learn in the next steps of his
developmental task in the next stages.
 ✓ 3. Preschool age corresponds to early childhood stage.
× 4. Adolescence is middle and late childhood stage.
- no, because adolescence is 10-12 years of ages and the middle and late
childhood is 6-11 years of age.
× 5. Teenage is middle childhood.
- no, teenage is adolescence

✓ 6. Mastery of fundamental skills is a major concern during early childhood.

× 7. Play is a great need of children in middle childhood.
- no, because play is a great need of children in early childhood
× 8. Preparing children for school readiness is the major concern of middle
childhood.
- no, because preparing children for school readiness is the major concern
of early childhood.

Reflection:
1. When I was in early child hood i always do is to play, I just want to play all day
and when I was in adolescence from 10 ages, I begin to be a matured even I
thought I do still want to play bun in my age (adolescence) I think I achieve some
developmental tasks in my past developmental stages

2.As a teacher I teach my students it depends in the developmental stages, for

example in early childhood, am I a preschool teacher I teach my students In the
way in play, because early childhood stage's is all they want is to play, now being
master of my developmental task I can use it my future students.
Fuensalida, Joyce Ann B.
I-BSED Science A
TASK 4: TEST YOUR UNDERSTANDING (Individual Task)
I. Put a check () beside those statements that are correct and an (x) beside those
that are wrong. If your answer is an x explain why.

X 1. Developmental tasks are only for the first 3 stages of human development. *
Developmental tasks start from pre-natal stage up to Late Adulthood.

/ 2. Failure of achieving developmental tasks in an earlier stage also means failure

for the learner to master the developmental task in the next stage.

/ 3. Preschool age corresponds to early childhood stage.

X 4. Adolescence is middle and late childhood stage. * Middle and Late Childhood
stage ages from 6-12, while Adolescence ages from 13- 18.

X 5. Teenage is middle childhood. *Adolescence

X 6. Mastery of fundamental skills is a major concern during early childhood. *

Middle and Late Childhood

X 7. Play is a great need of children in middle childhood. * Early Childhood

X 8. Preparing children for school readiness is the major concern of middle
childhood. * Early Childhood
Reflection

1. Remembering my early childhood, middle and late childhood days, I could say
that I was able to acquire the developmental task that is expected to be achieved
on that period. My parents let me socialize with the kids of my age that's why I
can interact well with people. During my Adolescence, reading books help a lot
for me to understand things and easily acquire knowledge.

2.Being the person who experienced the changes and development that a person
undergoes, I could say that I can be more understanding and patient with the
students. I would help them understand those things that they can't process on
their own, and patiently explain the things they shouldn't do. I know it's quite
hard but they needed the support and guidance by the adult for them to grow
and perform their own tasks.

AGANAN, ALEJAH MAE M.

I-BSED Science A
TASK 4: TEST YOUR UNDERSTANDING (Individual Task)
I. Put a check () beside those statements that are correct and an (x) beside those
that are wrong. If your answer is an x explain why.

X 1. Developmental tasks are only for the first 3 stages of human development.
- Developmental tasks start from pre-natal stage up to Late Adulthood.

/ 2. Failure of achieving developmental tasks in an earlier stage also means failure

for the learner to master the developmental task in the next stage.
/ 3. Preschool age corresponds to early childhood stage.

X 4. Adolescence is middle and late childhood stage.

- Middle and Late Childhood stage ages from 6-12, while Adolescence ages from
13- 18.

X 5. Teenage is middle childhood.

-Adolescence

X 6. Mastery of fundamental skills is a major concern during early childhood.

-Middle and Late Childhood

X 7. Play is a great need of children in middle childhood.

- Early Childhood

X 8. Preparing children for school readiness is the major concern of middle

childhood.
- Early Childhood

REFLECTION
1. Yes, the people around me they are one of the reasons why I became this
person. My environment, I always adopt what I see in my colleagues. My unique
experiences in our environment influence whether and how particular traits are
expressed and at the same time, our genes influence how we interact with our
environment. We are all born with specific genetic traits inherited from our
parents.
When I was a child, I always think of what just makes me happy, I don't think
what other people feels, I do what I want to do. But now, I always think of what
are the consequences or result of my doings and works. If it is pleasing or
acceptable by others. I always think of what people will told me or what will be
their judgement, and I think it is negative or not good because I just always
depend on other people and I'm afraid of negative comments. As I get older, I
become anti-social.

2. As a future educator, it is important to educate people in order to keep in mind

the developmental tasks according to their stages. I will focus to the pre school
age because this is the stage that the development of how they treat people or
how they socialize to the people start in this stage .