The document describes an experiment to determine the Curie temperature (Tc) of a ferrite sample. It involves measuring the induced electromotive force (emf) in a secondary coil surrounding the ferrite core as the temperature is increased. At Tc, there is a sudden drop in the induced emf, as the ferrite undergoes a transition from ferromagnetic to paramagnetic state. Above Tc, the relationship between induced emf and temperature follows the Curie-Weiss law. By plotting induced emf versus inverse temperature difference from Tc, the Curie constant C can be determined from the slope-intercept ratio.
The document describes an experiment to determine the Curie temperature (Tc) of a ferrite sample. It involves measuring the induced electromotive force (emf) in a secondary coil surrounding the ferrite core as the temperature is increased. At Tc, there is a sudden drop in the induced emf, as the ferrite undergoes a transition from ferromagnetic to paramagnetic state. Above Tc, the relationship between induced emf and temperature follows the Curie-Weiss law. By plotting induced emf versus inverse temperature difference from Tc, the Curie constant C can be determined from the slope-intercept ratio.
The document describes an experiment to determine the Curie temperature (Tc) of a ferrite sample. It involves measuring the induced electromotive force (emf) in a secondary coil surrounding the ferrite core as the temperature is increased. At Tc, there is a sudden drop in the induced emf, as the ferrite undergoes a transition from ferromagnetic to paramagnetic state. Above Tc, the relationship between induced emf and temperature follows the Curie-Weiss law. By plotting induced emf versus inverse temperature difference from Tc, the Curie constant C can be determined from the slope-intercept ratio.
The document describes an experiment to determine the Curie temperature (Tc) of a ferrite sample. It involves measuring the induced electromotive force (emf) in a secondary coil surrounding the ferrite core as the temperature is increased. At Tc, there is a sudden drop in the induced emf, as the ferrite undergoes a transition from ferromagnetic to paramagnetic state. Above Tc, the relationship between induced emf and temperature follows the Curie-Weiss law. By plotting induced emf versus inverse temperature difference from Tc, the Curie constant C can be determined from the slope-intercept ratio.
OBJECTIVE: TO DETERMINE THE CURIE TEMPERATURE (TC) OF THE GIVEN
FERRITE SAMPLE AND STUDY THE PERMEABILITY VARIATION IN THE VICINITY OF CURIE TEMPERATURE.
INTRODUCTION:
Curie temperature is the temperature at which the ferromagnetic materials become
paramagnetic.
E.M.F. induced in secondary coils of a transformer is given, as per Faraday‟s Law, as
dB VS K (1) dt Where, K: Constant dependent upon the geometrical factors and the turn ratio of the transformer. B: The flux density depends on magnetizing field (H), which in turn is proportional to the primary voltage (Vp) and permeability of the core (µ).
In the ferromagnetic state, the temperature dependence of Vs thus directly gives us the temperature dependence of permeability. At Curie temperature (Tc) there would be a sudden drop in the permeability of the material and hence a corresponding drop in Vs. So, the point at which Vs starts decreasing defines the Curie temperature.
Figure 1: Schematic of the Curie Temperature setup.
At temperature exceeding Tc the materials is in the paramagnetic state where magnetic
susceptibility m (= µ-1) follows the Curie-Weiss Law: C m (T ) (2) T Tc
Where, T is a temperature close to Curie temperature.
Equation (1) in the paramagnetic state can be rewritten as:
dH VS K 0 m dt dH K 0 ( m 1) dt
For a sinusoidal magnetising current
VS K 0H (1 m ) (3)
Where is the angular frequency of magnetizing current.
Incorporating equation (2) in equation (3) C VS K 0H (1 ) (4) T Tc
Thus a plot of Vs vs 1/T-Tc should be a straight line with µ0K H as intercept and µ0KHC as slope. Thus ratio of slope to intercept gives C. This fully characterizes the equation (2) which gives the temperature dependence of permeability in the paramagnetic state.
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE:
1. Connect the primary turns of the coil over a ferrite core (figure 1) to an oscillator output. 2. Read the induced e.m.f in the secondary turns with the help of an ac millivoltmeter. 3. Heat up the sample in an oil bath and note secondary output as temperature increases. 4. At curie temperature the output will show a sudden drop. Once the secondary coil output starts to drop note the output for every 10C rise in temperature. 5. Repeat the observation of Tc during the cooling (after completing the observations of Vs vs T and shutting off the heater power). 6. To note temperature accurately locate the bulb of the thermometer in the vicinity of the sample. While reading V at varying temperature monitor current in primary turns and see that it remains constant. If needed, keep adjusting it to a constant (preset) value. CALCULATIONS AND RESULTS:
1. Plot Vs vs. temperature and deduce Tc.
2. Plot Vs vs. 1/T-Tc plot (for T > Tc) and determine its slope, intercept and their ratio C.
TABLE:
S. NO Temperature (◦c) Vs (mV)
Conclude your report by answering the following questions:
1. If the same experiment was to be performed employing a ferromagnetic core would any modifications be required in terms of experimental procedure theory and results deduced.
2. Equation (3) suggests that secondary output would be higher for higher frequency of magnetizing current. In this should we perform the experiment at very high frequencies (say RF)? Are there any difficulties in doing so?
3. What does parameter C in equation (2) signify?
4. Did you observe Tc to be different between the heating and cooling process? If so, how do you explain this difference?
5. Ask your instructor about the ferrite materials used in the experiment and write a paragraph on it after studying reference materials.
