A

MICRO PROJECT
REPORT ON
“PREPARE REPORT ON SELECTED RELEVENT LAMPS IN
ORDER TO SAVE ENERGY FOR GIVEN SITUATION”

FOR THE DIPLOMA IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

SUBMITTED BY:

MR. SUMIT BORKAR MS. SHUBHANGI CHAVAN

MR. YASHWANT SAITEJA CHESETTI

MS. ASHVINI CHUNGADE MR. HARSHAL DAUD

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

MS. S.R. BAWANE

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

CSMSS COLLEGE OF POLYTECHNIC, AURANGABAD

MAHARASHTRA STATE, INDIA 2021 -2022
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL
EDUCATION
Certification of completion

This is to certify that Ms. Sumit Borkar, Ms. Arti Chavan, Mr Yahwant Saiteja
Chesetti, Ms. Ashvini Chungade, Mr. Harshal Daud . has successfully completed
“Prepare Report on Select Relevant Lamps in Order to Save Energy for
Given Situation” Micro project as in the enclosed completion of diploma in
Electrical Engineering from CSMSS College of Polytechnic.

Institute Code: 1152

Ms. S.R. Bawane Prof. C.V. Rahane Dr. Ganesh B. Dongre

(Subject teacher) (H.O.D) (Principal)
(Dept. of Electrical Eng.) (Dept. of Electrical Eng.) (CSMSS College of Polytechnic,Abad)
 Prepare Report on Select Relevant lamps in Order to Save Energy for
Given Situation

1.0 Aim/Benefits of the Micro Project

Aim: Prepare Report on Select Relevant Lamps in Order to Save Energy for Given Situation

Benefits: Energy saving light bulbs (or energy-efficient light bulbs) last up to 12 times as long
as traditional bulbs, using less electricity to emit the same amount of light as a traditional bulb. They're
an energy efficient option, helping you to reduce the carbon footprint of your home.

2.0 Course Outcomes Addressed:

a) Maintain the functioning of different types of lamps and fitting.

b) Maintain the lamp brightness.

c) Uses different types of lamps for Commercial building, Public sectors, Railways
station.

3.0 Proposed Methodology:

1) First of all we search the information on select relevant lamp in order to Save Energy
for Given Situation.
2) Then we collect data for our micro project.
3) We understand the importance of relevant lamp in order to save energy for given
situation.
4) Then we find the some ideas for awareness of relevant lamps in order to save energy
for given situation.
5) We distribute the work every group member, we doing in these activity.
6) And also we give the knowledge about relevant lamp in order to save energy for given
situation.

4.0 Action Plan (Sequence and required for major activity)

Sr.No. Details of activity Planned Start Planned Name of

date Finish date Responsible
team Members
1. Collect information of 26/11/2021 28/11/2021 Yashwant Saiteja
our topic from internet Chesetti,
Harshal Daud
2. Prepare report on it 29/11/2021 05/12/202 Yashwant Saiteja
Chesetti,
Harshal Daud
5.0 Resources required

Sr.No. Name of Resource/material Specification Qty. Remarks

1. Internet service Google.com 1

Name of Team Members with Roll No, Enrollment no.

Roll No: Name of the Student: Enrollment No: Sign:

16 Borkar Sumit Rajendra 1911520134
17 Chavan Shubhangi Somnath 1911520136
18 Chesetti Yashwant Saiteja Krishna 1911520137
19 Chungade Ashvini Raju 1911520138
20 Daud Harshal Suryakant 1911520139

(Miss. S.R. Bawane)

(Subject teacher
 INDEX
Sr. No. Content Page no.

1 RATIONAL 01

2 AIM/BENEFITS OF THE PROJECT 02

3 COURSE OUTCOME ACCHIEVED 03

4 LITERATURE REVIEW 04-15

5 ACTUAL METHODOLOGY FOLLOWED 16

6 RESOURCES USED 17

7 OUTPUT OF THE PROJECT 18

8 SKILL DEVELOPMENT 19

9 APPLICATION OF THE MICRO-PROJECT 20

10 REFERENCES 21
1. RATIONALE
Every technological area is developing at an exponential rate. New applications are
coming up and it’s mandatory for all technologists to be well versed in these areas to
survive and provide satisfactory and quality services to the society in respect of such
technologies. This course aims to prepare the diploma graduates to be conversant with
such emerging trends for staying in the race. The main areas in which such
developments are in, encompassment system, intelligent motor controls, tariff and
digitization beyond automation. The course gives a decent introduction of these areas
and helps the students to be in a state of preparedness.

 COMPENTENCY
The aim of this course is to help the student to attain the following industry identified
competency through various teaching learning experiences:

1
 2. AIM/BENEFITS OF THE PROJECT
Aim: - Prepare Report on Select Relevant lamps in Order to Save Energy for Given Situation

Benefits: -
 This new generation of light bulbs shine brighter, last longer, and reduce the amount of energy
that’s required to power them.

 They’re an efficient everyday solution, lowering your electricity bill and helping you to get more
out of a common household item.
3. COURSE OUTCOME ACCHIEVED

1. Maintain the functioning of different types of lamps and fitting.

2. Maintain the lamp brightness.

3. Uses different types of lamps for Commercial building, Public sectors, Railways station.
 4. LITERATURE REVIEW

Introduction:

Energy saving lamps is sources of artificial light that employ advanced technology to reduce the amount
of electricity used to generate light, relative to traditional filament-burning light bulbs. Examples of
energy saving lamps include: Fluorescent lamps; i.e. regular and compact. a Light-emitting diode bulb.
a lamp that saves you money and helps the environment! It lasts 10 times longer than a
standard electric lamp and uses 80 percent less energy. If you care about tackling global warming, lamps
like this are a great place to start. During its lifetime, a typical energy-saving lamp will stop about one ton
of carbon dioxide from entering the atmosphere and pay for itself many times over. So it's good for your
pocket and kind to the Earth as well. There are two quite different kinds: CFLs (compact fluorescent
lamps) and LED (light-emitting-diode) lamps. What's the difference between them, how do they work,
and which is best? Let's take a closer look. Basically, an incandescent light bulb is a controlled fire on
display. When electrical current makes contact with the base of the bulb, electricity enters and heats the
tungsten filament housed inside. And when the filament heats up, “incandescence” is created, which is
light produced by heat. 

Types of lamps in order to save energy for given situation:

1. Halogen Lamp
2. Fluorescent Lamp
3. LED Lamp
4. CFL Lamp
5. Incandescent Lamp
6. Mercury vapour Lamp
7. Sodium vapour Lamp
 1. Halogen Lamp:

The tungsten halogen lamp is similar to an inert gas-filled lamp, except it contains a small quantity of an
active halogen gas such as Bromine. The inert gas suppresses the evaporation of the tungsten filament,
while the halogen gas acts to reduce the amount of tungsten that plates the interior wall of the lamp. The
halogen gas reacts with the tungsten that has evaporated, migrated outward, and been deposited on the
lamp wall. When the lamp wall temperature is sufficient, the halogen reacts with the tungsten to form
tungsten bromide, which is freed from the wall of the lamp and migrates back to the filament. The
tungsten bromide compound reacts at the filament of the lamp where temperatures close to 2500˚C cause
the tungsten and halogen to dissipate. The tungsten deposits on the filament and is freed to repeat the
cycle again. Unfortunately the tungsten is not deposited in the same zone where the evaporation took
place so the filament still becomes thinner and eventually fails.
The tungsten filament of a halogen lamp has two purposes. One is to generate light, and the second is to
generate the heat necessary to obtain a wall temperature exceeding 250˚C. These lamps have been
designed to maintain this required wall temperature when operated at design voltage. A reduction of
voltage exceeding 10% from the design voltage will probably result in the wall temperature falling below
the required 250˚C.
The light output of a tungsten halogen lamp is more stable than a non-halogen gas lamp due to the
cleaning action of the halogen gas on the lamp envelope. This feature coupled with the high color
temperature of the light and long-life make these lamps very desirable for many industrial and scientific
applications. The restriction on duty cycle due to the requirement to maintain the envelope of the lamp at
sufficient temperature to initiate the halogen cycle is a disadvantage.
 

Energy saving in order to situation

There are 'energy saving' halogen bulbs on the market, which claim they save about 20%. Halogen bulbs
typically have a 1500 hour (around a year) life, only a fraction of the life of a compact fluorescent bulb
(typical of 6 years or 10000 hours). LED bulbs last 15 to 25 years (25000+ hours).
Advantages of Halogen Lamps:

1. Able to penetrate the fog

The use of halogen lamps is suitable for those of you who want to travel in foggy fields because their high
light intensity can efficiently penetrate thick fog.
That is why halogen lamps are the most reliable choice in the use of adventurous car lights.
2. The price is cheaper
Unlike LED or HID lamps, halogen lamps are cheaper than other lamps. The maintenance also does not
need to replace all components, only need to replace the bulb if the filament breaks.
LED lights Besides being more expensive, maintenance is also expensive, if damaged, we have to replace
the entire box.

Disadvantages of Halogen Lamps

1. Hot Halogen lamps are incandescent lamps that have a strong light intensity so that we can find types of
halogen lamps used for lighting cars.
Unfortunately, in addition to the high light intensity, halogen lamps also produce excessive heat so that
the lamp housing easily melts and becomes opaque.
Halogen lamps must operate at much higher temperatures than ordinary incandescent lamps to operate
properly.
Their small size helps to concentrate heat on a smaller casing surface, closer to the filament than non-
halogen incandescent bulbs. Due to the extremely high temperatures, halogen lamps can pose a fire
hazard.
2. Security Some safety recommendations require halogen bulbs to be protected by a grid especially for
high power bulbs (1–2 kW) to prevent ignition of a fire when an object comes into contact with the lamp.

Applications of Halogen Lamp:

Halogen lamps are used in a variety of applications, both commercial and residential. Halogen
lamps are used in automotive headlamps, under-cabinet lighting, and work lights. In addition,
halogen reflectors like MR and PAR lamps are often preferred for directed lighting such as
spotlights and floodlights.

Energy Saving in order to Given Situation:

They save up about 75%-80% electricity. These small lights are designed in a way where they can provide
a brighter lighting to your room.
 2. Fluorescent Lamp

Fluorescent lights are popular in greenhouses because they provide illumination without interfering with
your plants’ temperature settings. But if you want high energy efficiency for your gardening needs, you
should probably opt for an LED grow light. It will reduce utility bills, and that’s essential since you’re
also spending on irrigation systems, fertilizer, and pest control.
But while you’re setting up fluorescents in your indoor garden, think about configuration too. Old-school
fluorescent lights were long cathode tubes that needed an elongated socket and a starter fuse. Today’s
fluorescents can be seamlessly fitted into a tungsten socket with no additional customizing required. These
bulbs are called compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs). CFL tubes are filled with mercury and other gases.
They can last for up to 10,000 hours.
The luminosity levels on CFL is 30 to 60 lumens per watt. Some fluorescents can produce as much as 90
lumens per watt. And because they’re fluorescent bulbs, they release ‘cool light or ‘blue light’. This light
is roughly 4,100°Kelvin (bright white or cool white). High-lumen CFLs can get as high as 5,000°Kelvin
to 6,500°Kelvin, which is the same as noon-time daylight.

ADVANTAGES OF FLUORESCENT LAMP:

1. More energy efficient than incandescent lamps: When compared to incandescent lamps, fluorescent
lamps can produce the same amount of light or lumens using lesser energy input. Residential and
commercial grade fluorescent tubes and bulbs, including compact fluorescent lamps or CFL bulbs, can
produce 50 to 100 lumens per watt. Meanwhile, a typical incandescent bulb produces 16 lumens per watt.
This advantage translates to energy efficiency than in turn, leads to reduced electricity consumption and
cost.
2. Longer operational lifespan: Another advantage of fluorescent lamps over is their lifespan. A typical
fluorescent bulb will last 10 to 20 times longer than an incandescent bulb. Specifically, fluorescent lamps
have an operational lifespan of 6000 to 15000 hours while incandescent lamps only have 1000 hours
of illumination within a particular area. In contrast, incandescent lamps are smaller light sources, and they
produce undiffused light as evident from glares and uneven illumination.

DISADVANTAGES OF FLUORESCENT LAMP

1. More expensive: Fluorescent lamps are relatively more expensive than incandescent lamps because
they are more complicated to manufacture. However, considering their energy efficiency and lifespan,
they are arguably more economical in general.
2. Health and environmental issues: A notable disadvantage of fluorescent lamps involves susceptibility to
chemical leakage that can contaminate the environment and affect the health of exposed organisms,
including humans. A broken bulb can lead to leakage of a small amount of mercury

Applications of Fluorescent Lamp

Fluorescent lamps are a lamp type that is commonly used to provide illumination for settings such as
commercial lighting, industrial lighting, classroom lighting, and retail lighting. The sizes, light colors, and
wattage of fluorescent tubes vary significantly.

3. LED Lamp:

These bulbs have become popular in recent years, so we think of them as ‘new tech’. But the first LED
bulb was invented in 1962 by Nick Holonyak Jr. and his colleagues at General Electric (GE). Instead of
using heat to produce light, LEDs use photons. LED chips are far smaller than halogen filaments or
tungsten filaments and are sometimes mounted in doubles or triples.
The basis of an LED chip is a negative diode. When electricity passes through the diode, the electrons
release photons. These photons mingle to release light. Because it takes very little energy to release these
photons, and because their clashes produce so much light, LEDs end up being four to five times more
energy-efficient than their tungsten cousins.

We’ve confirmed LEDs are the best source of low-cost high-intensity lights, so an LED grow lights is a
smart purchase for your vegetation. To effectively photosynthesize, plants need extended periods of
‘daylight’, which is about 4,000°K to 6,000°K. Providing that much light consistently for 12 or more
hours a day is sure t get expensive. This is where LEDs save the day.

Benefits of LED Lighting:

LEDs are extremely energy efficient and consume up to 90% less power than incandescent bulbs. Since
LEDs use only a fraction of the energy of an incandescent light bulb there is a dramatic decrease in power
costs. Also, money and energy is saved in maintenance and replacement costs due to the long LED life
span. LEDs have a lifespan of up to 60,000 hours compared to 1,500 hours for incandescent bulbs. Call
(214) 238-8353 us for your home service and repair needs.

Advantages of Led Lamp

 Energy efficient – LED’s are now capable of outputting 135 lumens/watt

 Long Lifetime – 50,000 hours or more if properly engineered
 Rugged – LED’s are also called “Solid State Lighting (SSL) as they are made of solid material
with no filament or tube or bulb to break

Disadvantages of LED Lamp

 Blue hazard: There is a concern that blue LEDs and cool-white LEDs are now capable of
exceeding safe limits of the so-called blue-light hazard as defined in eye safety specifications such
as ANSI/IESNA RP-27.1-05: Recommended Practice for Photobiological Safety for Lamp and
Lamp Systems. 
 Light quality: Most cool-white LEDs have spectra that differ significantly from a black body
radiator like the sun or an incandescent light. The spike at 460 nm and dip at 500 nm can cause the
color of objects to be perceived differently under cool-white LED illumination than sunlight or
incandescent sources, due to metamerism, red surfaces being rendered particularly badly by typical
phosphor-based cool-white LEDs. However, the color rendering properties of common fluorescent
lamps are often inferior to what is now available in state-of-art white LEDs. 

Applications of LED Lamp

4.
LED lights are ideal for numerous applications including night lighting, art lighting, and outdoor lighting.
These lights are also commonly used in electronics and automotive industries, and for signage, along with
many other uses.

Energy Save in order to Given Situation:

LED is a highly energy-efficient lighting technology, and has the potential to fundamentally change the
future of lighting in the United States. Residential LEDs -- especially ENERGY STAR rated products --
use at least 75% less energy, and last up to 25 times longer, than incandescent lighting.
 4. CFL Lamp

A compact fluorescent light bulb (CFL) is a fluorescent light bulb that has been compressed into the size
of a standard-issue incandescent light bulb. Modern CFLs typically last at least six times as long and use
at most a quarter of the power of an equivalent incandescent bulb.
According to Arthur Rosenfeld, a physicist and member of the California Energy Commission, "If every
home in the United States replaced just one incandescent light bulb with a compact fluorescent light bulb
(CFL), the energy saved would prevent greenhouse-gas emissions equivalent to taking more than 1
million cars off the road."

CFLs produce light differently than incandescent bulbs. ... In a CFL, an electric current is driven
through a tube containing argon and a small amount of mercury vapor. This generates invisible
ultraviolet light that excites a fluorescent coating (called phosphor) on the inside of the tube, which
then emits visible light.

Advantages of CFLs

 CFLs are up to four times more efficient than incandescent bulbs. You can replace a 100-watt
incandescent bulb with a 22-watt CFL and get the same amount of light. CFLs use 50- to 80-percent less
energy than incandescent lights.
 While initially they cost more, CFLs are less expensive in the long run because they last much longer
than incandescent bulbs. And since CFLs use a third of the electricity and last up to 10 times as long as
incandescent bulbs, they are much less expensive overall. You will see a noticeable change in your
electricity bills once you change over to CFLs.
 CFLs are highly versatile and can be used in any setting where you would normally use incandescent
bulbs. They come in enough shapes and sizes that you can use them for recessed fixtures, table lamps,
track lighting or ceiling lighting. Three-way CFLs and CFLs that work with dimmers are also available.

Disadvantages of CFL

 CFLs also have their share of disadvantages and limitations. Most of them stem from the fact that
not every bulb is suitable for every job, so it is more a matter of finding the right match. The only
 serious disadvantage is the mercury content in CFLs.
 Some of the disadvantages of compact fluorescent bulbs are that they are cold temperature
sensitive, not recommended for enclosed fixtures, can have a higher initial cost than incandescent,
have a longer warm up time, they may have limited color temperatures, do not dim nearly as
smoothly, and dimming decreases.
Applications of CFL Lamp

Compact fluorescents are being used in residential applications replacing incandescent and halogen lights.
They provide relatively shadow-free lighting in residential applications and because of their small size can
fit nicely into sconces, ceiling lights and table lamps.

Energy Save in order to Given Situation:

On average, compact fluorescent light bulbs operate about 75 percent more efficiently than an equally
bright incandescent, so replacing a house full of incandescent bulbs with CFL bulbs reduces energy
consumption by 75 percent. In an average home, that's the equivalent of $198 in savings annually.

Type of Bulb Dim Light (400 – 500 lm) Bright Light (1300 – 1500 lm)

Tungsten 40W 100W

Halogen 28W 70W

CFL 9W 20W

LED 6W 18W

5. Incandescent Lamp

These are the ‘original light bulbs’. They’re made of a tungsten filament attached to the base of your light
bulb. A glass globe surrounds the filament. The glass is usually clear, but it can also be tinted or colored
of you prefer. The bulb gets extremely hot when the lights are on, so never touch a naked bulb. You risk
scalding or even cuts if the bulb bursts on your hand.
Inside the glass, the manufacturer might load nitrogen gas to make the filament glow brighter, releasing
larger amounts of light. The most common tungsten bulb for domestic use is the 60W bulb. It produces
700 to 800 lumens, but a lot of heat energy is wasted as it dissipates.
This means tungsten lights make your room significantly warmer. In other types of tungsten bulbs, the
glass globe doesn’t have any gas in it. Instead, all air and other gases are sucked out leaving a vacuum.
Both heat and light move faster in vacuums, so the bulbs are more efficient.
Tungsten bulbs stay in good working condition for up to 1,000 hours of use. They mostly produce warm,
yellow light that’s about 2,700°Kelvin (warm white or soft white). This light temperature is often
described as ‘soft white’. These bulbs are the most common … and the least energy-efficient. Their
estimated efficiency is 8 to 10 lumens per watt. The rest is wasted.
Advantages of Incandescent lamp

➨It is less expensive due to lower initial cost.

➨It is easier to dim with rheostats.
➨It produces warmer color compare to fluorescent and thungsten-halogen lamps.

Disadvantages of Incandescent lamp

➨It is energy in efficient.

➨It has very short lamp life time i.e. about 1000 hours typically.
➨It generates low lumen per watt. Ordinary incandescent bulbs produces about 5 to 20 lumens per watt.
This means it has lower efficiency.

Applications of Incandescent Lamp

Incandescent lamps are commonly used in desk lamps, table lamps, hallway lighting, closets, accent
lighting, and chandeliers. They provide good color rendering and, in fact, serve as the color standard by
which all other lamps are measured. Incandescent lamps are easily dimmable.

Energy Save in order to given situation:

Energy saving incandescent bulbs: If you're planning to change your lights in your bedroom or any other
room, you can opt for the energy saving incandescent bulbs which save up 25% of energy rather than
converting it into heat.
 6. Mercury Vapour Lamp

A lamp that consists of vaporized mercury to generate light by using an electric arc is known as a mercury
vapor lamp. Basically, this lamp discharges gas when heated or cooled. The mercury which is present
inside the tube is in liquid form (at room temperature) which is ionized before generating light. Its
wavelength at low pressure ranges between 184 nm and 253 nm.

Lamp Construction
It consists of 2 electrodes made up of an alloy of tungsten which is placed together in a
medium containing mercury vapor and 25-50 torr of pure argon gas. These electrodes are
enclosed in an elliptically shaped glass tube made up of silica.
A Ballast component is similar to a transformer with high leakage reactance. It consists of 4 connecting
ports like “Com, 240 V, 200 V. An Ignitor which consists of three ports like red, yellow and black, It 
consists of 2 polarity pins for connection. The main purpose of the ballast and ignitor is to control voltage
and current. The ballast port connection is made as follows, Com port is connected to one terminal of the
lamp, 240V port is connected to the 200V phase directly, 200V of ballast is connected to the yellow port
of ignitor, and the IGN port is connected to the red port of ignitor. The black terminal of an ignitor is
connected to the neutral phase and also to the other terminal of the lamp.

Working of Mercury Vapor Lamp:

The mercury vapor and neon gas (pink in color) present in the bulb requires high voltage at the starting to
illuminate light. When high voltage is applied, we can observe that the neon gas which was originally in
pink color will change into orange color by heating. It is similar to a 100-watt glowing bulb and it takes 5
to 7 minutes to turn on completely.
The ignitor which is present internally consists of a bimetallic strip and capacitor, which provides high
starting voltage. When the bimetallic strip expands on heating, it will short-circuit then the lamp will be
turned ON. When this bimetallic strip cools, it disconnects the connection and turns off the lamp. Hence
by connecting the ballast and ignitor to this lamp, the mercury vapor and neon gas get heated up and
expands the bulb inside to illuminate the light.

Advantages

 They are energy efficient (35 to 65 lumens/watts)

 Rated life of 24,000 hrs
 The output is clear white light
 It provides with high intensity
 It can be available in different colors, shapes, sizes, and ratings.

Disadvantages

 Maintenance of lumen is poor

 It takes 5 to 7 minutes warm up before fully glowing the bulb
 The cooling time is 5 to 6 minutes
 They are voltage sensitive.

Applications of Mercury Vapor Lamp

 Industrial areas
 Street lights
 Security
 Stairwells
 Home appliances like garages.
 7. Sodium vapour Lamp

Construction:
 Above fig shows construction details of sodium vapour lamp it consist of ‘U’.
 Shaped tube and at the ends of the tube two electrodes are sealed. This tube filled with sodium.
 And small quantity of neon gas since. Hence here is great effect of the change of surrounding.
 Temperature on the light output given by the lamp hence the inner tube is enclosed in an outer.
 Double walled, glass tube before sealing the lamp vacuum is created between the two glass tube
(inner and outer).

Working:
 Before the lamp starts working, the sodium is usually in the solid form deposited on the sides of
the inner tube wall.
 When the voltage is applied to the lamp it warms up starts vaporizing slowly and radiates out
yellow color light.
 After about 10 to 20 minutes the lamp starts giving its full output.
 For this voltage about 410 V is required while normal voltage is about 165V supply is given
leakage transformer.
 Operating temperature: 300 degree C.
 Efficiency: 110 lumens /watt.
 Containing: sodium gas and inert gas either neon or argon.
5. ACTUAL METHODOLOGY FOLLOWED

 First off all we search the information on Energy saving Lamps in Given
Situation.
 Then we collect the data for our micro project.
 We understand the importance of Energy saving Lamps in Given Situation.
 Then we find some applications and images of Energy saving Lamps in Given
Situation.
 We distribute the work among every group member.
 And also, we gain the knowledge about various types of functions
of Energy saving Lamps in Given Situation and also its importance.
 6. RESOURCES USED

Sr.No. Name of Resource/material Specification Qty. Remarks

1. Internet service Google.com 1
 7. OUTPUT OF THE MICRO-PROJECT

The widespread introduction of energy-efficient compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) and the suggested

phasing out of incandescent lamps has caused concerns among patients that CFLs could aggravate certain
disease-related symptoms.
Based on the mode of operation of these lamps, the Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly
Identified Health Risks (SCENIHR) identified flicker, electromagnetic fields, and ultraviolet and blue
light radiation as the three characteristics to be examined in order to assess the risks.
8. SKILL DEVELOPED

1) Leadership. ...
2) Team management. ...
3) Critical Thinking.
4) Task Management
 9. APPLICATIONS OF THE MICRO-PROJECT

Halogen Lamp: Halogen lamps are used in a variety of applications, both commercial and
residential. Halogen lamps are used in automotive headlamps, under-cabinet lighting, and work
lights. In addition, halogen reflectors like MR and PAR lamps are often preferred for directed
lighting such as spotlights and floodlights.

Fluorescent Lamp: Fluorescent lamps are a lamp type that is commonly used to provide illumination for
settings such as commercial lighting, industrial lighting, classroom lighting, and retail lighting. The sizes,
light colors, and wattage of fluorescent tubes vary significantly.

LED Lamp: LED lights are ideal for numerous applications including night lighting, art lighting, and
outdoor lighting. These lights are also commonly used in electronics and automotive industries, and for
single, along with many other uses.

CFL Lamp: Compact fluorescents are being used in residential applications replacing incandescent and
halogen lights. They provide relatively shadow-free lighting in residential applications and because of
their small size can fit nicely into sconces, ceiling lights and table lamps.

Incandescent Lamp: Incandescent lamps are commonly used in desk lamps, table lamps, hallway lighting,
closets, accent lighting, and chandeliers. They provide good color rendering and, in fact, serve as the color
standard by which all other lamps are measured. Incandescent lamps are easily dimmable.
10. REFERENCES
1) https://lumennow.org/choosing-a-bulb/
2) https://www.electrical4u.com/lamps-types-and-performance-comparison/
3) https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/lighting-choices-save-you-money
4) https://edisontechcenter.org/Fluorescent.html
5) https://www.elprocus.com/what-is-mercury-vapor-lamp-construction-and-its-
working/
‘