Experiment 2: Analysis of Resistive Networks

OBJECTIVES:
1. To demonstrate the characteristics of series-parallel circuits by measuring and verifying the
calculations of the resistance, voltage and current associated with the different resistive
components of a series-parallel circuit.
2. To demonstrate the principle of basic electric circuit laws.
3. To demonstrate the use of basic principles involved in series, parallel and series-parallel circuits.

DATA:
Table 1: Measured Values

Measured Values R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 RT
 
10 Ω 324 Ω 328 Ω 100 Ω 198 Ω 491.7 Ω
 
V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 VT
 
  0.101 V 3.3 V 1.6 V 0.531 V 1.068 V 5.002 V
  I1 I2 I3 I4 I5 IT
10 mA 10 mA 4.90 mA 5.14 mA 5.4 mA 10 mA

Calculated Values R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
 
10 Ω 324 Ω 328 Ω 100 Ω 198 Ω
 
RT Σ I at C ΣV
 
    ACDBA CEFDC ACEFDB
 
A
490.14 Ω -0.04 mA 1 mV 1 mV 2 mV

Table 2: Simulated Values

Measured Values R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 RT
 
10 Ω 324 Ω 330 Ω 100 Ω 200 Ω 491 Ω
 
V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 VT
 
  0.101 V 3.3 V 1.6 V 0.533 V 1.07 V 5V
  I1 I2 I3 I4 I5 IT
10.18 mA 11 mA 4.85 mA 5.33 mA 5.33 mA 10.18 mA

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Experiment 2: Analysis of Resistive Networks

ANALYSIS:
Experiment 2 is titled “Analysis of Resistive Networks” in this experiment we will demonstrate the
characteristics of a series - parallel circuit with the use of basic electric circuit laws and its principles.
With the materials given we are able to conduct the experiment.

where: R1 = 10 Ω
R2 = 324 Ω
R3 = 327 Ω
R4 = 100 Ω
R5 = 188 Ω

We are given a figure to follow and analyzing the

circuit given (Fig2.1) we can see that R4 & R5 are in
series and parallel with R3, and in series with R1 and
R2. In equation form RT = [((R4+R5) -1+R3-1)-1]+R1+R4.
From the data we gathered we compared the values
we computed and the values we collected using the
TINA PRO simulation software.

Volage Drop in each Resitor

(Measured vs. Simulated)
3.5
3
Voltage in each Resitor

2.5 Measured
2 Simulated

1.5
1
0.5
0
V1 V2 V3 V4 V5

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Experiment 2: Analysis of Resistive Networks

Current through each Resistor

( Measured vs. Simulated)
12

Current in each Resistor 10

Measured
8
Simulated
6
4
2
0
I1 I2 I3 I4 I5

Comparing these data, we can say that our values are correct because the values on both circuits agree
with each other. These tables show that are data is accurate and precise since it only produced
minimal error and differences.

The calculated values are determined using Kirchhoff’s Law for voltage and current, while the resistance
is determined using Ohm’s Law. To verify the computed values, the total voltage in the loops must be
equal to zero, and the summation of current in the junction must be also equal to zero. The result in the
calculated values is not exactly zero since the links and other components have also resistance which
also the same reason for the difference in the simulated values.

The data also demonstrated the characteristics of series and parallel connections. From Table 2.1 & 2.2
the current through R1 & R2 is equal, and also the current in R4 is the same in R5 since they are
connected in series. Current in R3 differs since it is connected parallel, which is a current divider. The
potential drop through R3 is the same through R4 and R5 because they are connected in parallel. R1,
R2, and simplifying R4, R5 and R3 are the voltage divider since they are in series.

CONCLUSION:
Experiment 2 is about examination of resistive networks and circuits. Under this we tackled series and
parallel circuits. We characterized them and differ series and parallel circuit form each other. We also
discussed basic electrical laws such as: the Ohm's Law, Kirchhoff's Current Law and Kirchhoff's Voltage
Law.

In conducting the experiment we learned that a series and a parallel connection could be combined
creating a more complex circuit. In this experiment we used a 5 volts source and 5 different resistors
connected in a series-parallel circuit. We are able to measured the current and voltage passing
through each resistor and recorded in our measure data. We learned how to use a simulation
software to see the ideal values of the voltage drop and current flowing in each component.

The experimenters are able to conduct the experiment successfully and they are able to demonstrate
and the characteristics of series-parallel circuits by measuring and verifying the calculations of the

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Experiment 2: Analysis of Resistive Networks

resistance, voltage and current associated with the different resistive components of a series-parallel
circuit. Therefore we can conclude that the objectives of the experiment were successfully
demonstrate by the students.

QUESTION AND ANSWER:

1. What are the identifying characteristics of a series circuit?

A series circuit is any circuit having all components connected end-to-end, forming a single path
for electrons to flow which results to equal magnitude of current on any point in the circuit or in
any resistor. There is voltage drop across each component in the circuit and the total resistance
of the circuit is the summation of resistance of all resistors.

2. What are the identifying characteristics of a parallel circuit?

A series circuit is any circuit having each branch divide the current so that the sum of the
currents in each branch will equal the input current. Resistors in parallel have equal potential
drop. the reciprocal of the equivalent resistance is equal to the sum of the reciprocals of the
separate resistors in parallel.

3. What changes occur in the total resistance of a circuit as additional resistances are added (a) in
series? (b) in parallel?

a) If additional resistances are added to a series circuit, the total resistance will increase
because the total resistance of the circuit is the summation of resistance of all resistors.
b) If additional resistances are added to a parallel circuit, the total resistance will decrease
because the total resistance of a parallel circuit is the inverse of the sum of the reciprocal of
the resistances of all resistors.

4. What are the different types of resistances and their purpose?

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Experiment 2: Analysis of Resistive Networks

 Carbon resistors are a cheap general purpose resistor used in electrical and electronic
circuits.
 Film Resistor are generally made by depositing pure metals, such as nickel, or an oxide film,
such as tin-oxide, onto an insulating ceramic rod or substrate. Used for better temperature
stability.
 Wirewound Resistor, is made by winding a thin metal alloy wire or similar wire onto an
insulating ceramic former in the form of a spiral helix similar to the film resistor above. These
types of resistors are generally only available in very low ohmic high precision values due to
the gauge of the wire and number of turns possible on the former making them ideal for use
in measuring circuits and Whetstone bridge type applications.
 Semiconductor Resistor, high frequency/precision surface mount thin film technology.

5. Why are lamps in a house lighting circuit not connected in series?

The lights in our houses are not connected in series because when one light broke down, all the
other lights will not function. This is because series circuit has one path for the current to flow.
When one light is broken, the path on that light will not work, resulting to an open circuit. Thus it
is more preferred to use parallel circuits for house lighting.

6. A small lamp is designed to draw 300mA in a 6V circuit. What is the resistance of the lamp
filament?

V 6V
R= =
I 0.3 A

R=20 Ω

7. A battery with an internal resistance of 1.5 Ω is connected in series with resistors R1 = 3 Ω and R2
= 3.5 Ω if the potential difference across the 3 Ω resistor is 9V. What is the emf of the battery?

VT V1
=
RT R1
V R ( 9 V ) ( 1.5+3+3.5 ) Ω
VT= 1 T =
R1 3Ω

V T =24 V

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Experiment 2: Analysis of Resistive Networks

8. Determine the ideal voltage source needed by three resistors connected in series R1 = 6 Ω, R2 = 8
Ω, and R3 = 10ohms if a required current of 0.5A flows in the circuit.

V T =I T R T
V T =( 0.5 A ) ( 6+8+10 ) Ω

V T =12V

9. Determine the total resistance of the circuit of the circuit below.

1 1 −1 5 −1
R= (
+
40 10
=) (
−1
40 )
=8 Ω

1 1 3 −1
R= ( +
8+ 4 4.5+1.5 )=
12 ( )=4 Ω

1 1 −1 3 −1
R= +(
18 5+ 4
=) (
18 )
=6 Ω

1 1 −1 5 −1
R= ( +
25+5 14 +6 )
=
60 ( )=12

RT =( 1+12+2 )

RT =15 Ω

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Experiment 2: Analysis of Resistive Networks

10. Based from the circuit on problem 9, determine the current through the 18 Ω resistance of the
circuit and the potential difference across the 10 Ω resistance if a 30Vdc source is connected
across the terminals.

V T 30
I T= = =2 A
R T 15
V 12=I 12 R12=( 2 ) (12 )=21V

24
I 6= =1.2 A
20

V 18=24−( 1.2 ) ( 14 ) =7.2V

7.2
I 18= =0.4 A
18

7.2−( 1.2−0.4 ) (5)

I 8= =0.267 A
12

V 8= ( 0.267 ) ( 8 )=2.133 V

I 18=0.4 A V 8=2.133 V

GROUP RATING:
Leader: Pattung, Raymond C.

Members:

NAME RATING
Buning, Kenneth Paulo 9.96
Gamez, Evan John 9.99
Larroza, Marc Lorrenz 10
Matanguihan, Ronald Dean 9.97
Salle, Xandra Salle 9.98

REFERENCES:
http://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/resistor/res_1.html

http://webtools.delmarlearning.com/sample_chapters/2535_CH04.pdf

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