Format of the Thesis

In form, the thesis is a lengthy experimental, design, or theoretical report,

with a problem-method-results-discussion structure. This recurrent
hypothetico-deductive pattern of developing a thesis to solve a problem and
then constructing a methodology and testing for results is common in
research writing. When you begin to write the first draft of your thesis, try to
salvage useful material for problem statements, methodologies, and
bibliographies from your thesis proposal. Make use of your laboratory
notebook for detailed accounts of your procedures.
Front Matter
The front matter frames the thesis work. It includes these elements:
 Title page. Your department will have a standard title page form you
are required to follow. The title should be informative, contain keywords,
and reveal the topic of the thesis. Include the title, author, thesis supervisor,
place, and date.
 Abstract. Briefly state the (1) research problem, (2) methodology, (3)
key results, and (4) conclusion. Generally, abstracts are between 100 and
150 words--roughly 5-10 sentences.
 Table of contents. List the key subject headings and subheadings of
your thesis with their page numbers. Number the front-matter section in
lowercase roman numerals. Be sure to list acknowledgments, appendixes,
and bibliography.
 List of figures. Include the figure numbers, figure titles, and page
numbers.
 List of tables. Include the table numbers, table titles, and page
numbers.
 Nomenclature (optional). List unfamiliar terms, symbols, acronyms
and their meanings.
Body
In the thesis body, you provide the introduction, narrative, and analysis of
your work. The body includes these elements:
i). Introduction. State
(1) the purpose of the investigation,
(2) the problem being investigated,
(3) the background (context and importance) of the problem (citing previous
work by others),
(4) your thesis and general approach, and
(5) the criteria for your study's success.
ii). Theory. Develop the theoretical basis for your design or experimental
work, including any governing equations. Detailed calculations go to an
appendix.
iii). Materials, apparatus, and procedures. List and describe key materials
and apparatus. Then describe the procedure in enough detail that others can
duplicate it. For design studies, this section includes component design,
fabrication, assembly, and testing procedures. Use illustrations.
iv).Results&Discussion. Present the results, usually with accompanying
tables and graphs. Characterize the patterns and quality of the results and
estimate their accuracy and precision. Detailed data go to an appendix. Use
analytical graphics.
Discussion. Discuss the meaning of the results, stating clearly what their
significance is. Compare the results with theoretical expectations and
account for anything unexpected.
v). Conclusions &Recommendations.. Review the results in relation to the
original problem statement. Assess the success of the study in light of the
criteria of success you gave in the introduction.
 Recommendations. If applicable, recommend directions for future
work.
vi). References.
cite all ideas, concepts, text, data that are not your own
if you make a statement, back it up with your own data or a reference
all references cited in the text must be listed

End Matter(Optional)

The end matter is mainly referential material too detailed to fit well in the
main narrative of work done. It includes these elements:
 Acknowledgments. Acknowledge assistance from advisors, sponsors,
funding agencies, colleagues, technicians, and so on.
 Appendixes. Provide detailed calculations, procedures, data in
separate appendixes. Give each appendix a title, a letter (Appendix A, B, C),
and an introductory paragraph.
 Bibliography. List alphabetically any works referred to in your study.
Follow the bibliographical and footnote formats of your department or of a
prominent periodical published by a professional society in your field.

Font Size and Style

Heading 1(Chapter Headings): Times New Roman-16 size, Capitals,

Bold and Center

Heading 2(Main Headings inside the chapter): Times New Roman-14

size, Capitalize each word, and Bold

Heading 3(Sub-Headings inside the chapter): Times New Roman-13

size, Capitalize each word, and Bold.

Text(Body): Times New Roman -12 size, Spacing 1.5, Justified.

Caption of figures and Tables: Times New Roman -11 size, First letter of
the caption should be capital.

Note: Spacing between paragraghs: Before 6-points, after 6-points.

Paper Size
The thesis should be formatted to be printed on 8.5 x 11 inch paper within
your PDF.
Margins
We recommend a left margin of 1.5” and a top, bottom, and right margin of
1" if the thesis is to be bound. Page numbers do not need to meet the 1"
margin requirement.
Page Numbering
Page numbers should be placed in the lower right corner of the page. Only
the number should appear, not "page 9" or the abbreviation "p. 9."
Page numbers should not be shown on the Title Page.The Abstract, or on the
first page of the Acknowledgments, Table of Contents, List of Tables or the
Preface of each of these sections should be numbered using Roman
numerals. The count for these preliminary pages should start with the title
page.
Pages of the text itself and of all items following the text (i.e. the notes and
bibliography) should be numbered consecutively throughout in Arabic
numbers, beginning with number 1 on the first page of the first chapter or
introduction (but not preface). Please number every page to be bound,
including pages on which only illustrations, drawings, tables, or captions
appear.
Figures and Tables
Captions
Every figure and table should have a caption. Here are some tips on using
captions:
 A figure caption is centered under the figure; a table caption is centered
above the table (if a caption is more than one line, make it left justified).
 A Figure and its caption should appear on the same page.
 All captions should start with a capitalized word and end with a period.
They can be sentence case or title case, but be consistent throughout the
thesis.
 Captions should say something enough about the figure or table which
can be understood without referring to the main text.
Numbering
 Figure and table numbers can be in chapter order like “Figure 1.1.”, but
consistent throughout the thesis.
 Figure and table numbers end with a period or colon like “Figure 1.1.”
Or “Figure 1.1:”.
 Figures and tables are numbered consecutively throughout the thesis but
independent from each other.
 Applying the above guidelines will enhance the quality of your thesis.
Note that readers will pay most attention to the tables and figures in your
thesis and thus the most important information should be found in your
figures and tables.

Equations
Select Insert Tab to Type and Use Mathematical Equations
To go to the first step, start opening your Ms. Word and click the Insert tab, then you

see the corner of the page two options which you need them for your documents. One

of them is Equations and the second one is Symbols. In this article, you are going to

study the first option(Equation), and the next article you will go to learn about

symbols.

Click Equations Option to Open Design window

In the Design Window, you have three Groups. This three group contains many icons

which help you to complete your Document or Project, and also by opening this
window, on Word page you see a new work board. On this working board, you can

type your ideal Equations. These groups are:

Tools
Symbols
Structures

Numbering
 Equation can be in chapter order like “( 1.1)” or (2.15), but consistent
throughout the thesis.
 First number indicates the chapter number and second number indicates
equation number.
 Example

Reference Examples
There are standard reference formats for most types of document. Below are
examples of the most common types of document you might want to
reference. Each of the following gives a suggested standard format for the
reference followed by examples for the different document types.
Book
[Ref number] Author’s initials. Author’s Surname, Book Title, edition (if
not first). Place of publication: Publisher, Year.
[1] I.A. Glover and P.M. Grant, Digital Communications, 3rd ed. Harlow:
Prentice Hall, 2009.
Book chapter
[Ref number] Author’s initials. Author’s Surname, “Title of chapter in
book,” in Book Title, edition (if not first), Editor’s initials. Editor’s
Surname, Ed. Place of publication: Publisher, Year, page numbers.
[2] C. W. Li and G. J. Wang, "MEMS manufacturing techniques for tissue
scaffolding devices," in Mems for Biomedical Applications, S. Bhansali and
A. Vasudev, Eds. Cambridge: Woodhead, 2012, pp. 192-217.
Electronic Book
[Ref number] Author’s initials. Author’s Surname. (Year, Month Day).
Book Title (edition) [Type of medium]. Available: URL
[3] W. Zeng, H. Yu, C. Lin. (2013, Dec 19). Multimedia Security
Technologies for Digital Rights Management [Online].
Available: http://goo.gl/xQ6doi

Note: If the e-book is a direct equivalent of a print book e.g. in PDF format,
you can reference it as a normal print book.
Journal article
[Ref number] Author’s initials. Author’s Surname, “Title of article,” Title of
journal abbreviated in Italics, vol. number, issue number, page numbers,
Abbreviated Month Year.
[4] F. Yan, Y. Gu, Y. Wang, C. M. Wang, X. Y. Hu, H. X. Peng, et al.,
"Study on the interaction mechanism between laser and rock during
perforation," Optics and Laser Technology, vol. 54, issue 3, pp. 303-308,
Dec 2013.

Note: the above example article is from a journal which does not use issue
numbers, so they are not included in the reference.

E-Journal article
PDF versions of journal articles are direct copies of the print edition, so you
can cite them as print journals.
[Ref number] Author’s initials. Author’s Surname. (Year, Month). “Title of
article.” Journal Title [type of medium]. volume number, issue number,
page numbers if given. Available: URL
[4] M. Semilof. (1996, July). “Driving commerce to the web-corporate
intranets and the internet: lines blur”. Communication Week [Online]. vol.
6, issue 19.
Available: http://www.techweb.com/se/directlinkcgi?CWK19960715S0005
When you are compiling your reference list you may abbreviate journal
titles:
For a list of IEEE abbreviations go to:
https://www.ieee.org/documents/trans_journal_names.pdf
For non IEEE journal abbreviations go to:
http://www.bath.ac.uk/library/help/infoguides/abbreviations.html
For further information on the common abbreviations of words used in
references for the IEEE style go to:
http://www.ieee.org/documents/style_manual.pdf
Conference papers
[Ref number] Author’s initials. Author’s Surname, “Title of paper,” in
Name of Conference, Location, Year, pp. xxx.
[6] S. Adachi, T. Horio, T. Suzuki. "Intense vacuum-ultraviolet single-order
harmonic pulse by a deep-ultraviolet driving laser," in Conf. Lasers and
Electro-Optics, San Jose, CA, 2012, pp.2118-2120.
Standard abbreviations may be applied to the title of the conference. For a
table of abbreviations go to:
http://www.ieee.org/documents/ieeecitationref.pdf

Reports
The general form for citing technical reports is to place the name and
location of the company or institution after the author and title and to give
the report number and date at the end of the reference. If the report has a
volume number add it after the year.
[Ref number] Author’s initials. Author’s Surname, “Title of report,”
Abbreviated Name of Company., City of Company., State, Report
number, year.
[7] P. Diament and W. L. Luptakin, “V-line surface-wave radiation and
scanning,” Dept. Elect. Eng., Colombia Univ., New York, Sci Rep. 85,
1991.
Patents
[Ref number] Author’s initials. Author’s Surname, “Title of patent,”
Country where patent is registered. Patent number, Abbrev of Month Day
Year.
[8] J. P. Wilkinson, “Nonlinear resonant circuit devices,” U.S. Patent 3 624
125, July 16 1990.
Note: Use “issued date” if several dates are given.
Standards
[Reference number] Title of Standard, Standard number, date.
[9] Shunt power capacitors, IEEE standard 18-2012, 2013.
Theses/Dissertations
[Ref number] Author’s initials. Author’s Surname, “Title of thesis,”
Designation type, Abbrev. Dept., Abbrev. Univ., City of Univ., State, Year.
[10] J. O. Williams, “Narrow-band analyser,” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept.
Elect. Eng., Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA, 1993.
Datasheets
[Ref number] Author’s initials. Authors Surname, “Title of Datasheet,” Part
datasheet, Publication date [Latest revision date].
[11] Texas Instruments, “High speed CMOS logic analog
multiplexers/demultiplexers,” 74HC4051 datasheet, Nov. 1997
[Revised Sept. 2002].
Online Documents
If you are using documents such as a report, conference paper, standard,
patent or thesis online and it also exists as an identical print equivalent i.e.
with the same format and pagination, it can be usually be referenced as the
print version.
If it is e-only, you can make the standard reference template an electronic
version by adding the material type in square brackets e.g. [Online] after the
document title. If there is no specific document title you can place this after
the document number (e.g. patent number).
At the end of the reference add: Available: URL. See below for an example
of an online patent:
[12] M.R. Brooks, “Musical toothbrush with adjustable neck and mirror,”
U.S Patent 326189 [Online], May 19 1992.
Available: http://goo.gl/VU1WEk
Websites
Note: Include as much of the key information as you can find for a given
website. If a web page has no personal author, you can use a corporate
author. Failing that, you can use either Anon. (for anonymous) or it is
permissible to use the title of the site.
[Ref number] Author’s initials. Authors Surname. (Year, Month. Day). Title
of web page [Online]. Available: URL
[13] BBC News. (2013, Nov. 11). Microwave signals turned into electrical
power [Online]. Available:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-24897584
[14] M. Holland. (2002). Guide to citing internet sources [Online].
Available:
http://www.bournemouth.ac.uk/library/using/
guide_to_citing_internet_sourc.html
 Wolaita Sodo University
College of Engineering
Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering
FORMAT FOR PREPARATION OF FINAL YEAR PROJECT
REPORT

ARRANGEMENT OF CONTENTS:
The sequence in which the project report material should be arranged and bound
should be as follows:
1. Cover Page
2. Declaration
3. Certification
4. Acknowledgment
5. Abstract
6. Table of Contents
7. List of Figures
8. List of Tables
9. List of Symbols, Abbreviations and Nomenclature
10. Chapters
Chapter 1 Introduction (16 Bold, Times New Roman)
1.1 Introduction (14 Bold, Times New Roman)
1.2 Statement of the Problem
1.3 Objectives
1.3.1 General Objective (13 Bold, Times New Roman)
1.3.2 Specific Objective
1.4 Scope of the Thesis
1.5 Methodology
1.6 Organization of Thesis
Chapter 2 Literature Review
Chapter 3 Introduction to the Thesis(Basics of the Thesis/ Chapter heading
should be decided according to the Thesis)
Chapter 4 Materials, Apparatus, and Procedures(Chapter heading should be
decided according to the Thesis)
Chapter 5 Results and Discussion
Chapter 6 Conclusion and Future Work
11. References
12. Appendices

The table and figures shall be introduced in the appropriate places

 Wolaita Sodo University <Font Size 20><1.5 line spacing>

College of Engineering<Font Size 18><1.5 line spacing>

Final Year/Semester Project on<Font Size 14>

Title of the project<Font Size 18><1.5 line spacing>
Submitted By<Font Size 14><Italic>
S.No. NAME OF THE CANDIDATE(S) Id No.

Department: Electrical and Computer Engineering <FONT SIZE 16>

Stream: Control Engineering (SEC 1)<FONT SIZE 16>
Advisor Name:<Font Size 16>
June 10, 2016<Font Size 14>
Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia<Font Size 14>
 DECLARATION<Font Style Times New Roman – size -16>
<Font Style Times New Roman – size -14>
We hereby declare that the project entitled Title of the Project is
submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the
degree in BSc Degree in Electrical and Computer Engineering(Control
Engineering),Wolaita Sodo University, is a record of our own work
carried out by us during the academic year 2015/16 under the supervision
and guidance of Advisor Name, Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, College of Engineering. The extent and source of
information are derived from the existing literature and have been
indicated through the project at the appropriate places. The matter
embodied in this work is original and has not been submitted for the
award of any other degree, either in this or any other University.

S/No. Student Name ID Signature

1. ……………… ………. ………….

Place: ____________________________

Date: ____________________________
 CERTIFICATION<Font Style Times New Roman – size -16>

<Font Style Times New Roman – size -14>

This is to certify that Project Report entitled “Title of the Project”
that is submitted by this group members in partial fulfillment of the
requirement for the fulfillment of semester project in the degree BSC
in ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING (Stream name)
of Wolaita Sodo University, is a record of the candidate own work
carried out by him under my own supervision. The matter embodies
in thesis is original and has not been submitted for the award of
any other degree.

_____________________ _________
Advisor Sign.

_____________________ _________
Department Head Sign.

Place: _____________________

Date: _____________________
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

We grateful to the god, without his blessing and mercy; this thesis would
not have been possible.
We like to thank our family members for their constant support and
encouragement.
Foremost, we would like to express our sincere gratitude to my advisor
“Advisor Name”, for the continuous support of my ‘Thesis Study’, for
his patience, motivation, enthusiasm, and immense knowledge. His/her
guidance helped us in all the time of research and writing of this thesis.
Without him, we could not have written this thesis.
We would like to express gratitude to our head of the department,
Electrical and Computer Engineering “Head of the department Name” ,
who helped us to finalize my thesis.
Lastly, we offer our regards to the faculty and all of those who supported
us in any respect during the completion of the project.
 ABSTRACT
<Font Style Times New Roman – size -16>

Text <Font Style Times New Roman – size -14>

Keywords(Times New Roman, 13, bold): minimum number of keywords should be
5 and maximumkeywords should be 8. Font style and font size for keywords is Times
New Roman size-12.
 (A typical specimen of table of contents)
<Font Style Times New Roman>
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Content Page No.

ABSTRACT iii
LIST OF FIGURES vi
LIST OF TABLE xviii
LIST OF SYMBOLS xxvii
1.INTRODUCTION 1