Assignment 2

Objective: Changing the template from default to custom

Task:Open OO writer and change the default template to custom template
using the following formatting:
➢ Font: Verdana, Font Size: 14 pt, Font colour: Automatic
➢ Main Headings in the template: Font - Verdana, Size - 24 pt, Font
colour - Blue
➢ Heading level 2: Font - Verdana, Size - 20 pt, Font colour - Maroon
➢ Heading level 3: Font - Verdana, Size - 18 pt, Font colour - Red
Now write a complete article on Generation of Computers and save it. Use the
above formatting for different contents of the document.

Generations of Computer

Introduction:
A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information or

data. It has the ability to store, retrieve, and process data.

Nowadays, a computer can be used to type documents, send email,

play games, and browse the Web. It can also be used to edit or

create spreadsheets, presentations, and even videos. But the

evolution of this complex system started around 1940 with the first

Generation of Computer and evolving ever since.

There are five generations of computers.

1.FIRST GENERATION
•Introduction:
1.1946-1959 is the period of first generation computer.
 2.J.P.Eckert and J.W.Mauchy invented the first successful
electronic computer called ENIAC, ENIAC stands for
“Electronic Numeric Integrated And Calculator”.

•Few Examples are:

1.ENIAC
2.EDVAC
3.UNIVAC
4.IBM-701
5.IBM-650
…

•Advantages:
6.It made use of vacuum tubes which are the only
electronic component available during those days.
7.These computers could calculate in milliseconds.

•Disadvantages:
8.These were very big in size, weight was about 30 tones.
9.These computers were based on vacuum tubes.
10.These computers were very costly.
11.It could store only a small amount of information due to
the presence of magnetic drums.
12.As the invention of first generation computers involves
vacuum tubes, so another disadvantage of these computers
was, vacuum tubes require a large cooling system.
13.Very less work efficiency.
 14.Limited programming capabilities and punch cards were
used to take inputs.
15.Large amount of energy consumption.
16.Not reliable and constant maintenance is required.

1.SECOND GENERATION
•Introduction:
1.1959-1965 is the period of second-generation computer.
2.3.Second generation computers were based on Transistor
instead of vacuum tubes.

•Few Example:
1.Honeywell 400
2.IBM 7094
3.CDC 1604
4.CDC 3600
5.UNIVAC 1108
… many more

•Advantages:
6.Due to the presence of transistors instead of vacuum
tubes, the size of electron component decreased. This
resulted in reducing the size of a computer as compared to
first generation computers.
7.Less energy and not produce as much heat as the first
genration.
8.Assembly language and punch cards were used for input.
 9.Low cost than first generation computers.
10.Better speed, calculate data in microseconds.
11.Better portability as compared to first generation

•Disadvantages:
12.A cooling system was required.
13.Constant maintenance was required.
14.Only used for specific purposes.

1.THIRD GENERATION
•Introduction:
1.1965-1971 is the period of third generation computer.
2.These computers were based on Integrated circuits.
3.IC was invented by Robert Noyce and Jack Kilby In 1958-
1959.
4.IC was a single component containing number of
transistors.

•Few Examples are:

1.PDP-8
2.PDP-11
3.ICL 2900
4.IBM 360
5.IBM 370
… and many more

•Advantages:
 1.These computers were cheaper as compared to second-
generation computers.
2.They were fast and reliable.
3.Use of IC in the computer provides the small size of the
computer.
4.IC not only reduce the size of the computer but it also
improves the performance of the computer as compared to
previous computers.
5.This generation of computers has big storage capacity.
6.Instead of punch cards, mouse and keyboard are used for
input.
7.They used an operating system for better resource
management and used the concept of time-sharing and
multiple programming.
8.These computers reduce the computational time from
microseconds to nanoseconds.

•Disadvantages:
1.IC chips are difficult to maintain.
2.The highly sophisticated technology required for the
manufacturing of IC chips.
3.Air conditioning is required.

1.FOURTH GENERATION
•Introduction:
1.1971-1980 is the period of fourth generation computer.
2.This technology is based on Microprocessor.
 3.A microprocessor is used in a computer for any logical and
arithmetic function to be performed in any program.
4.Graphics User Interface (GUI) technology was exploited to
offer more comfort to users.

•Few Examples are:

1.IBM 4341
2.DEC 10
3.STAR 1000
4.PUP 11
… and many more

•Advantages:
1.Fastest in computation and size get reduced as compared
to the previous generation of computer.
2.Heat generated is negligible.
3.Small in size as compared to previous generation
computers.
4.Less maintenance is required.
5.All types of high-level language can be used in this type of
computers.

•Disadvantages:
1.The Microprocessor design and fabrication are very
complex.
2.Air conditioning is required in many cases due to the
presence of ICs.
3.Advance technology is required to make the ICs.
1.FIFTH GENERATION
•Introduction:
1.The period of the fifth generation in 1980-onwards.
2.This generation is based on artificial intelligence.
3.The aim of the fifth generation is to make a device which
could respond to natural language input and are capable of
learning and self-organization.
4.This generation is based on ULSI(Ultra Large Scale
Integration) technology resulting in the production of
microprocessor chips having ten million electronic
component.

•Few Examples are:

1.Desktop
2.Laptop
3.NoteBook
4.UltraBook
5.Chromebook
… and many more

•Advantages:
1.It is more reliable and works faster.
2.It is available in different sizes and unique features.
3.It provides computers with more user-friendly interfaces
with multimedia features.

•Disadvantages:
1.They need very low-level languages.
2.They may make the human brains dull and doomed.