JSS MAHAVIDYAPEETHA

LABORATORY MANUAL

Subject Name :Electrical Machines-II Lab

Subject Code: KEE 553

COURSE : B.Tech. (EEE) SEMESTER : V

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

JSS ACADEMY OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
C-20/1, SECTOR-62, NOIDA
 JSS Academy of Technical Education – NOIDA
Electrical Machines-II Lab Manual (EEE, V Sem)

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
Sr. No. Title of experiment CO

To perform no load and blocked rotor test on 3- induction motor and
1 CO2
determine equivalent circuit.
To perform load test on 3 phase induction motor and draw the following
2 characteristics: (i) Torque Vs Speed (ii) Power factor Vs Line current CO2
(iii) Efficiency Vs Line Current.
To perform no load and blocked rotor test on 1- induction motor and
3 CO2
determine equivalent circuit.

To perform synchronization of alternator with the infinite bus using dark

4 CO3
lamp method.

5 Plot ‘V’ curve of a three phase Synchronous Motor. CO1

To perform speed control of 3-phase slip ring induction motor by pole

6 CO4
changing method.
To perform open circuit test and Short Circuit Test on 3- alternator and
7 to find Voltage Regulation by CO1
(i) EMF Method (ii) MMF Method
To determine the speed-torque characteristic of 3-phase induction motor
8 CO5
and study the effect of Frequency variation and V/F control.

To perform no load and blocked rotor test on 1- induction motor and
9 CO5
determine equivalent circuit

10 To determine steady state performance of 3-phase induction motor CO5

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

 JSS Academy of Technical Education – NOIDA
Electrical Machines-II Lab Manual (EEE, V Sem)

AKTU SYLLABUS

ELECTRICAL MACHINES – II LABORATORY L T P 0 0 2

Note: Minimum ten experiments are to be performed from the following list, out of
which there should be at least two software based experiments.

1. To perform no load and blocked rotor tests on a three phase squirrel cage induction motor
and determine equivalent circuit.
2. To perform load test on a three phase induction motor and draw Torque -speed
characteristics
3. To perform no load and blocked rotor tests on a single phase induction motor and
determine equivalent circuit.
4. To study speed control of three phase induction motor by varying supply voltage and by
keeping V/f ratio constant.
5. To perform open circuit and short circuit tests on a three phase alternator and determine
voltage regulation at full load and at unity, 0.8 lagging and leading power factors by (i) EMF
method (ii) MMF method.
6. To determine V-curves and inverted V-curves of a three phase synchronous motor.
7. To determine Xd and Xq of a three phase salient pole synchronous machine using the slip
test and to draw the power-angle curve.
8. To study synchronization of an alternator with the infinite bus by using: (i) dark lamp
method (ii) two bright and one dark lamp method.
9. To determine speed-torque characteristics of three phase slip ring induction motor and
study the effect of including resistance, or capacitance in the rotor circuit.
10.To determine speed-torque characteristics of single phase induction motor and study the
effect of voltage variation.
11. To determine speed-torque characteristics of a three phase induction motor by (i) keeping
v/f ratio constant (ii) increasing frequency at the rated voltage.
12. To draw O.C. and S.C. characteristics of a three phase alternator from the experimental
data and determine voltage regulation at full load, and unity, 0.8 lagging and leading power
factors.
13. To determine steady state performance of a three phase induction motor using equivalent
circuit.

*For Software based experiments (Develop Computer Program in ‘C’ language or use
MATLAB or Equivalent open source freeware software)

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

 JSS Academy of Technical Education – NOIDA
Electrical Machines-II Lab Manual (EEE, V Sem)

VISION AND MISSION

VISION OF THE INSTITUTE

JSS Academy of Technical Education Noida aims to become an Institution of excellence in
imparting quality Outcome Based Education that empowers the young generation with
Knowledge, Skills, Research, Aptitude and Ethical values to solve Contemporary
Challenging Problems

MISSION OF THE INSTITUTE

• Develop a platform for achieving globally acceptable level of intellectual acumen and
technological competence
• Create an inspiring ambience that raises the motivation level for conducting quality
research
• Provide an environment for acquiring ethical values and positive attitude

VISION OF THE DEPARTMENT

Emerge as a premier department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, a source
of technically outstanding energetic engineers, entrepreneurs and leaders through its highest
quality academics and research

MISSION OF THE DEPARTMENT

• Provide the students with basic and advanced knowledge in the field of Electrical and
Electronics Engineering as well as professional skills necessary to face the challenges
of the future.
• Encourage the students to strive for excellence through innovation and collaborative
research activities.
• Mould the students with qualities like team work, managerial skills and ethical &
cultural values to solve industrial and socially relevant issues

COURSE OUTCOMES (COs)

CO1 Determine losses, efficiency and performance of the synchronous machines.
CO2 Calculate the losses, efficiency and parameters of the 1/3-phase induction motors.
CO3 Demonstrate synchronization of an Alternator with the infinite bus.
CO4 Demonstrate various speed control methods of three phase induction motor.
CO5 Study the performance of AC rotating machines through MATLAB programs.

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

 JSS Academy of Technical Education – NOIDA
Electrical Machines-II Lab Manual (EEE, V Sem)

PROGRAM OUTCOMES (POs)

Engineering Graduates will be able to:
Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering
fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering
problems.
Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze
complex engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first
principles of mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering sciences.
Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering
problems and design system components or processes that meet the specified needs
with appropriate consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural,
societal, and environmental considerations.
Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge and
research methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data,
and synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions.
Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and
modern engineering and IT tools including prediction and modeling to complex
engineering activities with an understanding of the limitations.
The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge
to assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent
responsibilities relevant to the professional engineering practice.
Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional
engineering solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the
knowledge of, and need for sustainable development.
Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities
and norms of the engineering practice.
Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member
or leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.
Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the
engineering community and with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend
and write effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations, and
give and receive clear instructions.
Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of
the engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as
a member and leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary
environments.
Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to
engage in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological
change.

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

 JSS Academy of Technical Education – NOIDA
Electrical Machines-II Lab Manual (EEE, V Sem)

PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES (PEOs)

• PEO1-To provide strong fundamental concepts of basic electrical, electronics and
analytical skills required by the electrical and electronics industries.

• PEO2-Inculcate ethical values, research and innovative aptitude in students through

professional and multi-disciplinary approach.

• PEO3-Equip students to work as successful entrepreneurs providing sustainable

solutions to societal issues and generate new employment opportunities.

Program Specific Outcomes (PSOs)

• Utilize the knowledge of mathematics, science and engineering to analyze, design,
simulate, implement, integrate and validate the complex engineering problems of
Electrical and Electronics engineering.
• Apply appropriate techniques to model Electrical and Electronics engineering
components and use modern engineering hardware and software tools in Power
systems, Electrical machines, Power electronics, Embedded system and Signal
processing.
• Able to innovate, design, implement and test suitable solutions for contemporary
challenges in the field of Power systems, Power electronics, Embedded systems,
Instrumentation and Electrical systems.

CO-PO-PSO MAPPING
PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO PO1 PO1 PO1 PSO PSO PSO
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 1 2 3
CO 1 3
2 3 2 1 2 1 0 3 3 3 2 3
1
CO 1 3
2 3 2 1 1 0 0 3 3 3 2 3
2
CO 1 3
2 3 2 1 1 0 0 3 3 3 2 3
3
CO 1 3
2 3 2 1 1 0 0 3 3 3 2 3
4
CO 1 3
2 3 2 1 1 0 0 3 3 3 2 3
5

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

 JSS Academy of Technical Education – NOIDA
Electrical Machines-II Lab Manual (EEE, V Sem)

INTRODUCTION

OBJECTIVES OF THE LABORATORY COURSE :

A course on Laboratory Experiments on electrical Science is offered to the students

keeping in view the following objectives.

(i) To provide hands on practical exposure.

(ii) To provide experience in working on various types of Electrical Machines, Instruments
and other accessories.
(iii) To enforce theoretical instructions with related practical work.
(iv) To develop ability to test Electrical Machines for satisfactory performance.
(v) To get training in Technical Report Writing.

PRESENT PROBLEM:

It is difficult during any Engineering course under the present setup, to arrange practical and
related theory in an integrated manner so as to simultaneously correlate practical work with
the theory teaching. For this, theory lectures have to be followed by the related practical
simultaneously and all the students need to perform the same experiments at the same time
over what just has been covered in the theory. Owing to the large number of students, it is
not possible to arrange for the practical work this way. It becomes necessary to ask the
student to work in groups and perform experiments by rotation. The student has to quite often
perform the experiments for which the theory shall be taught in the classroom at a much later
date. Students have to come to the laboratory completely unprepared as they have neither
been taught the related theory nor been given any instruction about the experiment to be
performed.
This Manual has been prepared essentially keeping this difficulty in mind. Brief theory for
each Experiment is given in such a manner that even if the student has not studied the theory
related to the Experiment, one can have sufficient information to perform the experiment and
sufficiently understand it.
This Manual consists of a set of apparatus prepared for different experiments. For each
experiment, table for apparatus is given separately.
Observations should be recorded in the tabular form. Students shall draw a neat Circuit
diagram with description of the equipment ranges, type of instrument (AC /DC) and type of
supply. All the summary calculations, results, graphs shall be recorded by the students.

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

 JSS Academy of Technical Education – NOIDA
Electrical Machines-II Lab Manual (EEE, V Sem)

PREFACE

This manual of Electrical Machines-II Laboratory has been specifically designed for the
Third Year B. Tech Course in Electrical and Electronics Engineering with the objective to
provide the students, brief guidelines on the experiment to be performed in the laboratory.
This manual contains some features on the basis of experience to cover the difficulties and
problems associated in general, with the laboratory work. Detailed instructions for carrying
out each experiment along with relevant theory has been presented.
The Department Faculty hopes that the students will find this manual helpful in performing
the experiments in Electrical Machines-II Laboratory. Thanks to all the department faculty
members and also non teaching staff members for their support help in preparation of this
manual.
We are grateful to HOD of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department and also Prof.
Dr. G. M. Patil, Principal - JSSATE, Noida who not only encouraged us to prepare the
manual but also rendered their best help and advice.

Ms. Chaitra N Yadahalli

Assistant Professor
Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

 JSS Academy of Technical Education – NOIDA
Electrical Machines-II Lab Manual (EEE, V Sem)

DO’S AND DONT’S

1. The Laboratory regulations are to be followed meticulously, for prevention of accidents

and for organized and systematic working of the Laboratory.

2. The arrangement and assembly of the equipment required for the experiments including
alteration and the change of connections are subject to the approval of the concerned
faculty member.

3. Bare wires, terminals and parts of the machinery are not to be touched unless power
supply is switched off.

4. Power Supply must be switched off before making any change in connections.

5. All participants in the experiment shall keep out of the danger zone before the circuit
and machines are switched on.

6. In the event of abnormal noise or fumes, mains should be switched off immediately,
and informed to the concerned faculty member immediately.

7. The students shall under no circumstances switch on the power supply until the circuit
is checked by the concerned faculty member.

8. The participants in the experiments are working in groups. Every student shall remain
in the place assigned to him/her. The group as a whole shall be responsible that the
laboratory regulations are strictly observed.

9. The machines and equipments required for the experiments shall be handed over to the
students by the laboratory store keeper and retuned by the students after the completion
of experiment. if any damage to the equipment takes place and students should bring to
the notice of faculty member in-charge immediately.

10. Every student shall study the written instructions carefully, before the start of the
experiment and make sure that they are fully understood. After this only they will be
permitted to perform the experiment.

11. Every participant must report to the concerned faculty member after the conduction of
experiment.

12. All the students should complete the calculations and plot the necessary graph and get
corrected from concerned faculty member before leaving that laboratory class

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 JSS Academy of Technical Education – NOIDA
Electrical Machines-II Lab Manual (EEE, V Sem)

12. Laboratory Record should be submitted in the next laboratory class. Late submission of
Laboratory Record will not at all be entertained.
13. The report on a laboratory experiment consists of brief theory, circuit diagram, records
of the test data, calculations and their interpretation in addition to answers to the
questions. The report should be concise and complete.

15. All students shall come in a dress code / uniform with shoes (for protection against the
electrical shock) for performing experiments in Electrical laboratory. Especially female
students shall avoid bangles with metallic linings, sarees, loose dupattas etc.,

16. The student should not bring cell phone to theory / laboratory class.

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

 JSS Academy of Technical Education – NOIDA
Electrical Machines-II Lab Manual (EEE, V Sem)

GENERAL SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

1. All the specification of the machines and equipments used in the experiments should
be noted.

2. Suitable type of wires should be used for different parts of the circuits. Flexible wires
are to be used for connecting voltmeter and pressure coil of wattmeter because current
is negligible. Thicker wire of different cross sections should be used for current
carrying circuit.

3. Use starter or variac at the time of starting i.e never apply full voltage to a motor.

Apply low voltage while switching on and increase voltage gradually.

4. Electrical load should be increased gradually during ON condition and decreased

gradually during OFF.

5. Tighten all connections properly.

6. Check zero setting of the meters.

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 JSS Academy of Technical Education – NOIDA
Electrical Machines-II Lab Manual (EEE, V Sem)

GUIDELINES FOR LABORTORY RECORD PREPARATION

L.H.S of Laboratory Record

R.H.S of Laboratory Record
AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT
First LHS page:
APPARATUES USED (with
SCHEMATIC/CIRCUIT
specifications)
DIAGRAM/FLOW CHART
THEORY
PROCEDURE
Following LHS pages:
OBSERVATIONS
CALCULATIONS
RESULTS
MODEL (SPECIMEN) GRAPH
DISCUSSION
ACTUAL GRAPH
PRECUATIONS

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 JSS Academy of Technical Education – NOIDA
Electrical Machines-II Lab Manual (EEE, V Sem)

DETAILS OF THE EXPERIMENTS CONDUCTED

(TO BE USED BY THE STUDENTS IN THEIR RECORDS)

FACULTY
DATE OF MARKS
SR. EXPT. PAGE SIGNATURE
CONDUC TITLE OF THE EXPERIMENT AWARDED
NO. NO NO. WITH
TION (10)
REMARK

10

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 JSS Academy of Technical Education – NOIDA
Electrical Machines-II Lab Manual (EEE, V Sem)

EXPERIMENT NO.-01

AIM: To perform no load and block rotor test on 3- induction motor to determine
equivalent circuit.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
No Load Test:
S. No Name of Apparatus No. Range & Type
1 Ammeter 1 0-2.5 A AC
2 Voltmeter 1 0-500 V AC
3 Wattmeter 2 2.5 A, 500 V,1250 W U.P.F
4 3- Auto transformer 1
5 3- squirrel cage Induction Motor 1

Blocked Rotor Test

S. No Name of Apparatus No. Range & Type
1 Ammeter 1 0-5 A AC
2 Voltmeter 1 0-250 V AC
3 Wattmeter 2 5 A, 250 V,2500W, U.P.F
4 3- Auto transformer 1
5 3- squirrel cage Induction Motor 1
Name Plate Details:

KVA Rating ……….. Ampere Rating

……………
KV Rating ……….. Frequency Rating
………..
Insulation Rating ………
BRIEF THEORY:
Students can refer any text book for basic operating principle and testing of Induction motors.

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 JSS Academy of Technical Education – NOIDA
Electrical Machines-II Lab Manual (EEE, V Sem)

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
No Load Test

Blocked Rotor Test

PROCEDURE:
Open Circuit Test:
1. Connect as per the circuit diagram.
2. Close the supply switch and adjust the variac such that the rated voltage on the stator
winding is applied. Also observe the direction of rotation of shaft. If it rotates in opposite
direction as marked change any of the two supplies phases and then apply the rated
voltage.
3. Note down all the meter readings.
4. Bring the variac to zero and switch off the supply.

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Electrical Machines-II Lab Manual (EEE, V Sem)

Blocked Rotor Test:

1. Hold the shaft of the motor so as to block the rotor from rotating and close the supply
switch and adjust the variac so as to pass the rated current through the winding.
2. Note down the meter readings
3. Bring the variac to zero and switch off the supply.

Armature Resistance: It is measured by ammeter voltmeter method and calculates per phase
resistance. To account for temp effect the measured value is multiplied by 1.5 times (say 1.5
Ra). *Note: if one of the wattmeter goes beyond zero reverse the connection and take that
reading as negative.

Procedure to plot circle diagram:

Conduct No load test and blocked rotor test on the induction motor and find out the per phase
values of no load current I0, short circuit current ISC and the corresponding phase angles Ф0
and ФSC. Also find short circuit current, ISN corresponding to normal supply voltage. With
this data, the circle diagram can be drawn as follows:
1. With suitable scale, raw vector OA with length corresponding to I0 at an angle Ф0
from the vertical axis. Draw a horizontal line AB.
2. Draw OS equal to ISN at an angle ФSC and join AS.
3. Draw the perpendicular bisector to AS to meet the horizontal line AB at C.
4. With C as centre, draw a portion of circle passing through A and S. This forms the
circle diagram which is the locus of the input current.
5. From point S, draw a vertical line SL to meet the line AB.
6. Divide SL at point K so that SK : KL = rotor resistance : stator resistance.
7. For a given operating point P, draw a vertical line PEFGD as shown. then PE = output
power, EF = rotor copper loss, FG = stator copper loss, GD = constant loss (iron loss
+ mechanical loss)
8. To find the operating points corresponding to maximum power and maximum torque,
draw tangents to the circle diagram parallel to the output line and torque line
respectively. The points at which these tangents touch the circle are respectively the
maximum power point and maximum torque point.
Efficiency line
1. The output line AS is extended backwards to meet the X-axis at O′.
2. From any convenient point on the extended output line, draw a horizontal line QT so
as to meet the vertical from O′. Divide the line QT into 100 equal parts.
3. To find the efficiency corresponding to any operating point P, draw a line from O′ to
the efficiency line through P to meet the efficiency line at T1. Now QT1 is the
efficiency.
Slip Line
1. Draw line QR parallel to the torque line, meeting the vertical through A at R. Divide
RQ into 100 equal parts.
2. To find the slip corresponding to any operating point P, draw a line from A to the slip
line through P to meet the slip line at R1. Now RR1 is the slip

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 JSS Academy of Technical Education – NOIDA
Electrical Machines-II Lab Manual (EEE, V Sem)

Power Factor Curve

1. Draw a quadrant of a circle with O as centre and any convenient radius. Divide OCm
into 100 equal parts.
2. To find power factor corresponding to P, extend the line OP to meet the power factor
curve at C′. Draw a horizontal line C′C1 to meet the vertical axis at C1. Now OC1
represents power factor.

OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS:

Sl.N Type of Test Voltage Current W1 W2 (W) WT = W1+ Cos(

o (V) (A) (W) W2 )
1 No Load
(O.C) Test
2 Blocked
Rotor (S.C)
Test

Note: Only one reading for OC test at rated voltage and one reading for SC Test at rated
current
Specimen diagram of Approximate Circle Diagram:

RESULTS:

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 JSS Academy of Technical Education – NOIDA
Electrical Machines-II Lab Manual (EEE, V Sem)

EXPERIMENT NO.-02
AIM: To perform load test on 3 phase induction motor and draw the following:
1. Torque Vs Speed characteristics
2. Power factor Vs Line current characteristics
3. Efficiency Vs Line current characteristics

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
Sl. Name of Apparatus No s Range & Type
No
1 Ammeter 1 0 – 20 A DC
2 Ammeter 1 0-10 A AC
3 Voltmeter 1 0-500 V
4 Voltmeter 1 0 – 250 V DC
5 Wattmeter 2 0-10 A, 0-500 V, U.P.F
6 Lamp load 1
7 3- squirrel cage Induction Motor 1
8. Brake drum with load 1
Name Plate Details:

KVA Rating ……….. Ampere Rating ……………

KV Rating ……….. Frequency Rating ………..
Insulation Rating ………

BRIEF THEORY: Principle of operation, performance characteristics etc.

PROCEDURE:
1. Note down the name plate details. Connect as per the circuit diagram.
2. Close the main supply switch and keep open load switch, and observe wattmeter
deflection, such that if one of the wattmeter is showing negative then switch off the
supply and connection of that wattmeter is reversed.
3. Switch on the supply and note the reversed wattmeter reading as negative.
4. Switch on the supply to Induction motor from no load to full load by varying auto-
transformer.
5. Gradually load the Induction motor at every step note down all the meter readings.
6. Switch off the entire load and bring back the Induction motor to original position and
switch off the main supply.
7. Do the calculation and plot the graph.

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 JSS Academy of Technical Education – NOIDA
Electrical Machines-II Lab Manual (EEE, V Sem)

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

OBSERVATIONS:
Table 1. – Readings related Induction Motor
Input power Output Calculations
Power
S.No V I W1 W2 Spee V(dc I(dc) Torque Cos % 
L (A (W) (W) d ) (Kg-m) slip
(V ) (rpm T
) )
1
2
Note: Minimum 8 readings have to be taken.

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 JSS Academy of Technical Education – NOIDA
Electrical Machines-II Lab Manual (EEE, V Sem)

CALCULATIONS:
Input power to Induction Motor: W = 3V  I  Cos
W
Power factor of Induction Motor: Cos = 3
V I
3 (W 1 − W 2)
Power factor angle:  = Cos[Tan −1 ]
(W 1 + W 2)
Output of D.C. Generator: Pdc = Vdc  Idc Watts
Assume the efficiency of generator = 85 %
Input to DC generator is the output of Induction Motor
OutputDCgenerator Vdc  Idc
InputDCgenerator = =
 
Vdc  Idc

Output of induction motor in terms of Torque: Pout =
2  N
60
2  N  T
Power output of Induction Motor, Pout = Watt
60
Input power to Induction Motor, Pin = W1 + W 2 Watt

Efficiency of Induction Motor,  = Pout

Pin
N = actual speed of Induction motor and Ns = synchronous speed of Induction Motor Slip
( Ns − N )
s=
Ns

RESULTS:
Performance Curves of 3 Phase Induction Motor:

Torque Vs Speed and Torque Vs % slip Curves for 3-phase Induction Motor

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 JSS Academy of Technical Education – NOIDA
Electrical Machines-II Lab Manual (EEE, V Sem)

EXPERIMENT NO. 03

AIM: To perform no load and blocked rotor test on 1- induction motor and determine its
equivalent circuit parameters.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
Sl.No Name of Apparatus Qty Range & Type
1 Ammeter 2 0-10 A
2 Voltmeter 2 0-250 V,0-125 V
3 Wattmeter 1 0-10 A, 0-250 V, U.P.F
1 0-10A, 0-125 V, U.P.F
4 1- Auto Transformer 1
5 1- Induction Motor 1
Name plate Rating
KVA Rating ……….. Ampere Rating ……………
KV Rating ……….. Frequency Rating ………..
Insulation Rating ………

BRIEF THEORY: No-load and Blocked rotor test theory from Electrical Machines text
book..

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
No Load Test

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 JSS Academy of Technical Education – NOIDA
Electrical Machines-II Lab Manual (EEE, V Sem)

Blocked Rotor Test

Equivalent Circuit for a single-phase Induction motor (a) with the rotor blocked and (b) with
the rotor running:

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 JSS Academy of Technical Education – NOIDA
Electrical Machines-II Lab Manual (EEE, V Sem)

PROCEDURE:
No Load Test
5. Note down name plate details and connect as per the circuit diagram.
6. Rotor is in no load position.
7. Close the supply switch and adjust the variac such that the rated voltage is applied across
running winding.
8. Note down the readings of ammeter, voltmeter and wattmeter and also note the speed of
the motor.
9. Bring the variac to zero position and switch off the supply.
Blocked Rotor Test
4. Select suitable ranges of meters and connect as per the circuit diagram.
5. Block the rotor from rotating.
6. Keep variac at minimum position. Close the supply switch and adjust the variac so as to
pass the rated current through the motor running winding.
7. Note down the readings of ammeter, voltmeter and wattmeter
8. Bring the variac to zero and switch off the supply.
Stator Resistance Test: Measure the running winding resistance by multimeter and calculate
per phase resistance. To account for the skin effect the measured value is multiplied by 1.6
times.(say 1.6 Ra).

OBSERVATIONS:
Sl.N Type of Test V in I in amp W in N in Cos()
o volts watt rpm
1 No Load Test
2 Blocked Rotor
Test
Note: only one reading for OC test at rated voltage and one reading for SC test at rated current

CALCULATIONS:
From No load Test:
Wo
Cos =
Vi  Io
Vo
Zo =
Io
Xm X 2
Xo = ZoCos = X 1 + + ( X 1 = X 2)
2 2
Xm = 2 Xo − 3X1

From Blocked Rotor Test:

Wsc Wsc
Re q = R1 + R2 = and R2 = − R1
Isc 2 Isc 2

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 JSS Academy of Technical Education – NOIDA
Electrical Machines-II Lab Manual (EEE, V Sem)

Vsc
Z= and Xeq = (Z 2 − Re q 2 ) = X1 + X 2
Isc
Xeq
Assuming X 1 = X 2 =
2
 R X  Xm Vab
=
Vab = V1 − Io * ( R1 + 2 ) + j ( X1 + 2 ) and
 4 2  2 Io
( Ns − N )
and Slip = S =
Ns
Io 2 * R2 Io 2 * R2
Pf = Forward Power = and Pb = Backward Power =
2*s 2 * (2 − s )
Then,
Io 2 * R2 Io 2 * R2
Net Air gap power = ( )−( )
2s 2 * (2 − s)
Net Air gap power
Load Torque =
N
2 * *
60
Net Air gap power
Efficiency =
Input power

RESULTS:

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 JSS Academy of Technical Education – NOIDA
Electrical Machines-II Lab Manual (EEE, V Sem)

EXPERIMENT NO. 04

AIM: To perform synchronization of alternator using dark lamp method.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S. No Name of Apparatus No s Range & Type
1 Ammeter 1 0 – 5 A DC
2 Ammeter 1 0-10 A AC
3 Voltmeter 1 0-500 V AC
4 Single phase variac 1 0 – 250 V ,10 A
5 Synchronous generator coupled to 1
DC motor
Name Plate Details:

KVA Rating ……….. Ampere Rating ……………

KV Rating ……….. Frequency Rating ………..
Insulation Rating ………

BRIEF THEORY:
Conditions for synchronization of alternator, Different methods of synchronization,
synchronous motor characteristics

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

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PROCEDURE:
1. Note down the name plate details. Connect as per the circuit diagram.
2. Switch on the field supply of the motor by closing switch S.
3. Vary the DC variable supply connected to armature of motor to run to its rated speed.
4. Switch on the variable dc supply Sf to the field of the alternator keeping variac at zero
position.
5. Vary the variac so as to get excitation to alternator up to the rated frequency.
6. Check the voltage of the alternator available on the panel and also source 2.
7. If both voltages are equal go to next step otherwise by varying field excitation of
alternator or armature voltage of dc motor
8. Also observe the frequency of both the sources if not repeat the step 7
9. Switch on the synchroscope switch 1 & 2 (Toggle switch)
10. Observe the rotation of the synchroscope so that it should be at zero position. else repeat
step 7.
11. Observe the lamps if all the lamps are simultaneously becoming dark ,then phase
sequence is correct else by switching off the mains interchange the phase sequence and
repeat same steps.
12. If all lamps are dark close synchronizing switch S2.
13.Now both the sources are synchronized.
14.After synchronization switch off the toggle switch 1 & 2.

RESULTS:

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EXPERIMENT NO. 05

AIM: Plot ‘V’ curve of a three phase Synchronous Motor.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S. No Name of Apparatus No s Range & Type
1 Ammeter 1 0 – 5 A DC
2 Ammeter 1 0-10 A AC
3 Voltmeter 1 0-500 V AC
4 Single phase variac 1 0 – 250 V ,10 A
5 Synchronous generator coupled to DC motor 1
Name Plate Details:

KVA Rating ……….. Ampere Rating ……………

KV Rating ……….. Frequency Rating ………..
Insulation Rating ………

BRIEF THEORY: V and inverted V-curves of synchronous motor

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE:
1. Note down the name plate details. Connect as per the circuit diagram.
2. Switch on the field supply of the motor by closing switch S.
3. Vary the DC variable supply connected to armature of motor to run to its rated speed.
4. Switch on the variable dc supply Sf to the field of the alternator keeping variac at zero
position.
5. Vary the variac so as to get excitation to alternator up to the rated frequency.
6. Check the voltage of the alternator available on the panel and also source 2.

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7. If both voltages are equal go to next step otherwise by varying field excitation of
alternator or armature voltage of dc motor
8. Also observe the frequency of both the sources if not repeat the step 7
9. Switch on the synchroscope switch 1 & 2 (Toggle switch)
10. Observe the rotation of the synchroscope so that it should be at zero position. else repeat
step 7.
11. Observe the lamps if all the lamps are simultaneously becoming dark ,then phase
sequence is correct else by switching off the mains interchange the phase sequence and
repeat same steps.
12. If all lamps are dark close synchronizing switch S2.
13.Now both the sources are synchronized.
14.After synchronization switch off the toggle switch 1 & 2.
15.Slowly reduce the voltage of the motor armature and switch off the supply of motor
armature.
16. Now alternator taking supply from source 2 and running as synchronous motor.
17. Now vary the field current of synchronous motor and observe the armature current.
18. Note down the reading of armature current at each step till it reaches rated current
19. At some point armature current instead of decreasing it starts increasing
20. Repeat the readings till it reaches rated filed current and note down the readings of
ammeter.
21. Bring back field excitation to zero.
22. Switch off the mains.
23. Plot the graph of armature current v/s field current gives ‘V’ curve of synchronous
motor.

OBSERVATIONS:
Sl. No. Ia in amps If in amps
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Note: At least 8 readings to plot V curve for under and over excitation

RESULTS:

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Specimen Graph: V-curves of synchronous machine (constant load (Real variable excitation)

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EXPERIMENT NO.-06

AIM: The Speed control of 3 phase slip ring induction motor by pole changing method
(Cascading two 3 phase slip ring Induction Motor).

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
Sl.No Meters Used Qty Range & type
1 Voltmeter 1 AC,0 –500 V
2 Ammeter 1 AC, 0 – 10 A
Name Plate Details:

KVA Rating ……….. Ampere Rating

……………
KV Rating ……….. Frequency Rating
………..
Insulation Rating ………
BRIEF THEORY: Principle of operation of 3 phase induction motor, different methods
of speed control of motor

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE:
1. Note down the name plate details of a machine and select suitable range of meters.
2. Consider main motor as 6 pole slip ring inductions motor and auxiliary as 4 pole
inductions motor.
3. Connect as per the circuit diagram figure 1 and switch on the supply through starter.
4. Ensure both the motor are running in the same direction as marked. Otherwise inter
change any one phase.

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5. Keep the rotor resistance switch to different positions, at each step note down the speed of
the set and also corresponding ammeter and voltmeter reading.
6. Bring back rotor resistance switch to position 1 and switch off the push button switch or
switch of the supply
7. Make the connections as per circuit diagram 2 (a) that is with only 6 pole motor or main
motor.
8. Repeat steps 5 & 6
9. Make the connections as per the circuit diagram 2 (b) that is with only 4 pole motor or
auxiliary motor.
10. Repeat steps 5 & 6
11. Tabulate all the readings in tabular column and compare the speed.

OBSERVATIONS:
Sl. Type of Rotor I in V in Synchronous Actual speed
No connection Resistance amps Volts speed Ns in rpm N in rpm
. position
A 4 pole alone
B 6 pole alone
C cascaded

Note: For each type of connection four different readings has to be taken

Let P1 be the no. of poles of Main motor and Let P2 be the no. of poles of auxiliary motor
120 f
Ns1 = , where Ns1=Speed of the Main motor
P1
120 f
Ns 2 = ,where Ns2 =Speed of the auxiliary motor
P2
120 f
Cascade speed of the set = Ns =
( P1 + P 2)

RESULTS:

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EXPERIMENT NO.-07

AIM: To perform open circuit test and Short Circuit Test on 3- alternator and to find
Voltage Regulation by
(i) EMF Method
(ii) MMF Method

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
S. Name of Apparatus No.s Range & Type
No
1 Ammeter 1 0-10 A (AC)
2 Voltmeter 1 0-500 V (AC)
3 Ammeter 1 0-2A (DC)
4 1 Phase Auto transformer 1 230v 5 A
Name Plate Details:

KVA Rating ……….. Ampere Rating

……………
KV Rating ……….. Frequency Rating
………..
Insulation Rating ………
BRIEF THEORY: Basic principle of alternator, different methods of finding voltage
regulation.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

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PROCEDURE:
Open Circuit Test
1. Connect as per the circuit diagram.
2. Keep 25 ohm rheostat in cut-in position (built in) and TPST in open position.
3. Close the supply switch on the rectifier switch on motor side and gradually cutout 25
Ohm rheostat completely to get the rated speed of the motor.
4. Switch on the supply for field of alternator and gradually increase the current of the field
by varying rheostat until the alternator builds up to its rated voltage.
5. At each step note down the meter readings
6. Decrease the field excitation and bring the rheostat to original position and open switch
S1. The test gives the data for open circuit.
Short Circuit Test
1. Connections are made same as open circuit test and remove the voltmeter connection.
2. Close the TPST switch.
3. Start the DC motor by closing rectifier switch and set to rated speed.
4. Switch on the DC or field excitation and vary the field current by varying the dimmer till
rated armature current flows in the ammeter connected in line with the alternator.
5. At each step note down the value of field current and short circuit current.
6. Bring back dimmer to initial position and remove the supply.
7. Measure the armature resistance.
8. Plot the graphs O.C.C and S.C.C.
Armature Resistance: It is measured by ammeter voltmeter method and calculates per phase
resistance. To account for skin effect the measured value is multiplied by 1.5 times (say 1.5
Ra)

OBSERVATIONS:
Open Circuit Test Short Circuit Test
SL No If in Amp V in Volts Sr. No If in Amp Ia in Amp
1. 1
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

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CALCULATIONS:
1. Using Synchronous Impedance Method:
V
Phase Voltage, Vp = L and measure resistance across any one phase = Rdc/phase,
3
Then, armature resistance Ra = Reff = Rdc  1.5
Phase
The OCC and SCC are plotted and synchronous impedance is obtained as follows:
Let V be the rated voltage.
O.C.Voltage
Phase(rated )
Synchronous Impedance= Zs =
S .C.Current ( full load )

Xs =  Zs 2 − Ra 2 
 
Calculate for 0.8 p.f. lag and lead cases as well as u.p.f. case. For lag + sign and for lead -
sign are to be used.

Eo = (V Cos + Ia Ra )2 + (V Sin  Ia Xs )2
+ Sign is used for the lagging power factor and – sign is used for leading power factor.
( Eo − V )
% Voltage Re gulation =  100
V
2. MMF Method:
The field m.m.f. required to induce the rated terminal voltage on open circuit can be obtained
from open circuit characteristics. This is denoted as FO which is equal to the exciting current
Io. The value of ampere-turns required to circulate full load current can be obtained from
short circuit characteristics. This is denoted as FAR, which is equal to the IAR .The two
components of total field m.m.f. which are FO (=Io) and FAR (=IAR) indicated in O.C.C. (open
circuit characteristics) and S.C.C. (short circuit characteristics) as shown in the Fig. 1.

Fig 1: Open circuit and short circuit characteristic

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If the alternator is supplying full load, then total field m.m.f. is the vector sum of its two
components FO and FAR. This depends on the power factor of the load which alternator is
supplying. Let us consider the various power factors and the resultant FR.

1. Unity p.f.
Under unity power factor condition, the armature reaction is cross magnetizing and its effect
is to distort the main flux. Thus and F are at right angles to each other and hence resultant
m.m.f. is the vector sum of FO and FAR. Following values can be derived from figure 2.
OA = FO
AB = FAR = Cross Magnetizin g
OB = FR = FO + FAR ……………………………………………………………… (1)
2. Power factor lagging or leading
Consider the load power factor is Cos Φ. In such case, resultant m.m.f. is to be determined
by vector addition of FO and FAR. Such as for lagging p.f., the various magnitudes from
figure 3, are OA = FO , AB = FAR and OB = FR
Consider triangle OCB which is right angle triangle. The FAR is split into two parts as,
AC = FAR * Sin , BC = FAR * Cos and FR can be obtained from equation (1).

FR2 = ( FO  F AR * Sin ) 2 + ( F AR * Cos ) 2 ………………………………………. (2)

For lagging power factor take + sign and for leading power factor take – sign.
Once FR is known, obtain corresponding voltage which is induced e.m.f. Eph, required to get
rated terminal voltage Vph. This is possible from open circuit characteristics drawn.
Once Eph is known then the regulation can be obtained as,
E ph − V ph
%R =  100
V ph
It is concluded that one can use equations 1 and 2 to calculate FR.

Phasor diagram used to calculate Voltage Regulation from MMF method

Fig. 2: Unity power Factor

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Fig.3: Lagging Power Factor

Fig.4: Leading Power Factor

RESULTS:

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EXPERIMENT NO.- 08

AIM: To determine steady state performance of 3-phase induction motor.

Problem Statement: A 400 V, 6 pole, 3-phase, 50 Hz star connected induction motor

running light at rated voltage takes 7.5 A with a power input of 700 W. With the rotor locked
and 150 V applied to the stator, the input current is 35 A and power input is 4000 W, the
stator resistance per phase is 0.55 ohm under these conditions. The standstill reactance of the
stator and rotor as seen on the rotor side are estimated to be in the ratio of 1:0.5, when the
motor is operating of slip of 4%, Calculate the stator current, its pf , net mechanical output
and torque. What is the motor efficiency under these conditions of operation?

APPARATUS REQUIRED: Desktop/Laptop system with MATLAB/SIMULINK

Software

PROGRAM:
vt=400; % supply voltage
p=6; % pole
f=50; % frequency
inl=7.5; % no load current
pnl=700; % no load power
vbr=150; % blocked voltage
ibr=35; % blocked current
pinbr=4000; % blocked power
r1=0.55; % stator resistance
k=1/0.5; % reactance ratio
s=0.04; % slip
zbr=vbr/(sqrt(3)*ibr);
rbr=pinbr/(3*(ibr)^2);
xbr=sqrt(zbr^2-rbr^2);
x1=xbr/(1+0.5);
x2=xbr-x1;
zo=vt/(sqrt(3)*inl);
ro=pnl/(3*inl^2);
xo=sqrt(zo^2-ro^2);
xm=xo-x1;
r2=(rbr-r1)*((xm+x2)/xm)^2;
zf=1/((1/(j*xm))+(1/((r2/s)+j*x2)));
rf=real(zf);
xf=imag(zf);
zin=r1+j*x1+zf;
i1=vt/(sqrt(3)*zin);

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pin=sqrt(3)*vt*abs(i1)*cos(angle(i1));
pg=3*abs(i1)*abs(i1)*rf;
pm=(1-s)*pg;
prot=pnl-3*inl*inl*r1;
pout=pm-prot
ws=1000*2*pi/60
tnet=pout/((1-s)*ws)
eff=pout*100/pin

RESULTS:

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EXPERIMENT NO.-09

AIM: To determine the speed-torque characteristic of 3-phase induction motor and study the
effect of Frequency and voltage variation.

Problem Statement: A 460V, 4 pole, 50Hz, three phase induction motor has the following
equivalent circuit parameters as referred to the stator:
R1=0.641ohm, R2=0.332ohm, X1=1.106 ohm, X2= 0.464ohm, Xm= 26.3 ohm.
Draw the speed-torque characteristics of three phase induction motor for the given parameters
and study the effect of frequency variation and V/F on speed-torque characteristics.

APPARATUS REQUIRED: Desktop/Laptop system with MATLAB/SIMULINK

Software

PROGRAM:
(a) torque-speed characteristic

clear all
clc
f=50
p=4
R1=.641
R2=.332
X1=1.106
X2=.464
Xm=26.3
Ns=120*f/p
V=460/sqrt(3)
for Nr=0:10:1500
s=(Ns-Nr)/Ns
Ws=Ns*2*pi/60
Z=(R1+j*X1)+(j*Xm*(R2/s+j*X2))/(j*Xm+R2/s+j*X2)
I2=(V*j*Xm)/(Z*(R2/s+j*X2+j*Xm))
tq=3*(abs(I2).^2)*R2/(s*Ws)
plot(Nr,tq,'*'),hold on
end
xlabel('Rotor Speed')
ylabel('Torque')
title('Torque-Speed characteristics')
grid on

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(b) effect of frequency variation

clear all
clc
p=4
for f=40:10:60
Ns=120*f/p
Ws=Ns*2*pi/60
X1=1.106/50*f
X2=.464/50*f
R1=.641
R2=.332
Xm=26.3/50*f
V=460
for Nr=0:50:1500
s=(Ns-Nr)/Ns
Ws=Ns*2*pi/60
Z=(R1+j*X1)+(j*Xm*(R2/s+j*X2))/(j*Xm+R2/s+j*X2)
I2=(V*j*Xm)/(Z*(R2/s+j*X2+j*Xm))
tq=3*(abs(I2).^2)*R2/(s*Ws)
plot(Nr,tq,'*'),hold on
end
end
grid on

RESULTS:

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EXPERIMENT NO.-10

AIM: To determine the torque-slip characteristics of 1-phase induction motor and study the
effect of voltage variation

Problem Statement: A 460V, 4 pole, 50Hz, single phase induction motor has the following
equivalent circuit parameters as referred to the stator:
R1=0.641ohm, R2=0.332ohm, X1=1.106 ohm, X2= 0.464ohm,Xm= 26.3 ohm.
Draw the torque-slip of single phase induction motor for the given parameters and study the
effect of voltage variation on torque-slip characteristics.

APPARATUS REQUIRED: Desktop/Laptop system with MATLAB/SIMULINK

Software

PROGRAM:
1)torque slip curve of 1-phase induction motor

clc;
clear;
r1 = 0.641; % Stator resistance
x1 = 1.106; % Stator reactance
r2 = 0.332; % Rotor resistance
x2 = 0.464; % Rotor reactance
xm = 26.3; % Magnetization branch reactance
v_phase = (460 / sqrt(3)); % Phase voltage
n_sync = 1500; % Synchronous speed (r/min)
w_sync = 157.5; % Synchronous speed (rad/s)
for s = 1:1:10 ;
nm(s)=(1 -(s*0.01))* n_sync; % Slip %
% Mechanical speed
z1= (r1 + 1i*x1);
zf(s)= 1i*xm*(r2/(s*0.01) +1i*x2)/(r2/(s*0.01) +1i*(x2+xm));
zb(s)=(1i*xm)*((r2)/(2-(s*0.01))+1i*x2)/((r2)/(2-(s*0.01))+1i*(x2+xm));
zi(s)=z1 + (zf(s)+zb(s))/2;
i1(s)= v_phase/zi(s);
vf(s)=i1(s)*zf(s);
i2f(s)=abs(vf(s)/(r2/(s*0.01) + i*x2/2));
tf(s)= abs(i2f(s)^2 *(r2/(s*0.01))/w_sync);
vb(s)=i1(s)*zf(s)
i2b(s)=abs(vb(s)/(r2/(2-(s*0.01))+ i*x2/2));
tb(s)= abs(i2b(s)^2 *(r2/2-(s*0.01))/w_sync);
t(s)=(tf(s)-tb(s));

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end
% nm
% z1
% zf
% zb
% vf
% vb
% tf
% tb
%t
plot(nm,tf)
hold on;
plot(nm,tb)
plot(nm,t)
xlabel('\itn_{m}','Fontweight','Bold');
ylabel('\tau_{ind}','Fontweight','Bold');
title ('Induction Motor Torque-Speed Characteristic','Fontweight','Bold');
legend ('forward torque tf','backward torque tb');
grid on;
hold off;

2) EFFECT OF VOLTAGE VARIATION:

clc;
clear;
r1 = 0.641; % Stator resistance
x1 = 1.106; % Stator reactance
r2 = 0.332; % Rotor resistance
x2 = 0.464; % Rotor reactance
xm = 26.3; % Magnetization branch reactance
n_sync = 1500; % Synchronous speed (r/min)
w_sync = 157.5; % Synchronous speed (rad/s)
for s = 1:1:10 ;
for v = 1:1:5;
nm(s)=(1 -(s*0.01))* n_sync; % Slip %
% Mechanical speed
z1= (r1 + 1i*x1);
zf(s)= 1i*xm*(r2/(s*0.01) +1i*x2)/(r2/(s*0.01) +1i*(x2+xm));
zb(s)=(1i*xm)*((r2)/(2-(s*0.01))+1i*x2)/((r2)/(2-(s*0.01))+1i*(x2+xm));
zi(s)=z1 + (zf(s)+zb(s))/2;
i1(s,v)= 230*v/zi(s);
vf(s,v)=i1(s,v)*zf(s);
i2f(s,v)=abs(vf(s,v)/(r2/(s*0.01) + i*x2/2));
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tf(s,v)= abs(i2f(s,v)^2 *(r2/(s*0.01))/w_sync);

vb(s,v)=i1(s,v)*zf(s)
i2b(s,v)=abs(vb(s,v)/(r2/(2-(s*0.01))+ i*x2/2));
tb(s,v)= abs(i2b(s,v)^2 *(r2/2-(s*0.01))/w_sync);
t(s,v)=(tf(s,v)-tb(s,v));
end
end
nm
z1
zf
zb
vf
vb
tf
tb
t
plot(nm,tf)
hold on;
plot(nm,tb)
plot(nm,t)
xlabel('\itn_{m}','Fontweight','Bold');
ylabel('\tau_{ind}','Fontweight','Bold');
title ('Induction Motor Torque-Speed Characteristic','Fontweight','Bold');
legend ('forward torque tf','backward torque tb');
grid on;
hold off;

RESULTS:

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