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Leptopus Hook. & Arn.) Against Streptococcus Mutans " Prepared by

This thesis examined the antibacterial effect of Cadena de Amor (Antigonon leptopus Hook. & Arn.) leaves against Streptococcus mutans. The author conducted quantitative experiments using disk diffusion assays to test different concentrations of ethanolic leaf extracts against S. mutans. The results showed that the 100% and 75% leaf extract concentrations produced the largest inhibition zones, indicating antibacterial effect. However, the positive control Clindamycin showed significantly higher inhibition than the leaf extracts. This study provides preliminary evidence that Cadena de Amor leaves have antibacterial properties against S. mutans and could be further explored for developing dental products.

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ahmed Ali
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27 views

Leptopus Hook. & Arn.) Against Streptococcus Mutans " Prepared by

This thesis examined the antibacterial effect of Cadena de Amor (Antigonon leptopus Hook. & Arn.) leaves against Streptococcus mutans. The author conducted quantitative experiments using disk diffusion assays to test different concentrations of ethanolic leaf extracts against S. mutans. The results showed that the 100% and 75% leaf extract concentrations produced the largest inhibition zones, indicating antibacterial effect. However, the positive control Clindamycin showed significantly higher inhibition than the leaf extracts. This study provides preliminary evidence that Cadena de Amor leaves have antibacterial properties against S. mutans and could be further explored for developing dental products.

Uploaded by

ahmed Ali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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APPROVAL SHEET

This thesis entitled “Antibacterial Effect of Cadena de Amor (Antigonon


leptopus Hook. & Arn.) against Streptococcus mutans ” prepared by
Abdelazim Ahmed Ali in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Doctor of Dental Medicine. It has been examined and approved by the
Committee on Oral Examination.

Date Signed

Adviser: Dr. Cherrylyn Carolina P. Merza, MPH, MDE _________

Examiners: Dr. Evangeline F. Padlan, MPH, MDE _________

Dr. Sheryl C. Roman, MDE _________

Dr. Hazel P. Alipio, MDE _________

Dr. Ma. Theresa T. Fernandez, MDE _________

Accepted in partial fulfillment for the requirements for the degree in Doctor
of Dental Medicine.

Dr. Evangeline F. Padlan, MPH, MDE _________


Dean, College of Dentistry Date Signed

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COLLEGE OF DENTISTRY
ABSTRACT

The Antibacterial Effect of Cadena de Amor (Antigonon leptopus Hook. &


Arn.) against Streptococcus mutans

Abdelazim Ahmed Ali

College of Dentistry, Lyceum Northwestern University, Dagupan City

Cadena-de-amor is a climbing, somewhat woody, perennial vine, with


stems attaining a length of 10 meters. Leaves are alternate, ovate to oblong-
ovate, with cordate base, serrate margins, up to 10 centimeters long. Flowers are
borne in racemes at the upper axils of the terminal parts of the branches, the
rachis of the racemes producing tendrils. Fruit is an ovoid achene, about 1
centimeter long, broad at the base, narrowing towards the tip, loosely surrounded
by the persistent lobes of the flower, (Stuart, G. 2016). This study determines the
antibacterial effect of Cadena de amor leaves.

The quantitative experimental type of research was used. The leaves of


Cadena de amor (Antigonon leptopus Hook. & Arn.) were used as
samples.Susceptibility test was used to determine the zone of inhibition of
different concentrations of the sample plant and the control group.

The disk diffusion assay showed that the leaf ethanolic extracts of Cadena
de Amor (Antigonon leptopus Hook. & Arn.) showed that Streptococccus mutans
are moderately susceptible to these extracts and showed susceptibility with the
positive control Clindamycin. This indicates that the ethanolic extracts of Cadena
de Amor (Antigonon leptopus Hook. & Arn.) and control group have antibacterial
effectivity against Streptococcus mutans. The 100% and 75% concentrations of

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COLLEGE OF DENTISTRY
leaves yielded the largest zone of inhibition which means, using both
concentrations give the same antibacterial effect on Streptococcus mutans. The
statistical result showed that there is significant difference in the zone of inhibition
between Cadena de Amor (Antigonon leptopus Hook. & Arn.) ethanolic extract
and the control group therefore, the control Clindamycin extract has significantly
high antibacterial effectivity against Streptococcus mutans than Cadena de Amor
(Antigonon leptopus Hook. & Arn.) extract.

This study provides information for product formulation in dental care


materials such as mouthwash, toothpaste and medicament. Further experimental
study on the antibacterial property of Cadena de Amor leaves. A study to
determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and
Minimum Bacterial Count of the extracts.

Keywords: Disk Diffusion, Streptococcus, Cadena de Amor

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researcher would like to express his deepest and sincere special

thanks of gratitude to the following persons that had been part of the completion

and success of this research study.

Dr. Evangeline F. Padlan, Dean, College of Dentistry for her passionate

support that keeps the researcher’s morale boosted to pursue the study.

Dr. Ronald P. Cabral, for the motivation and patience in guiding the

researcher through every detail of the study and being there to help from the

beginning until the end.

The researcher would like to express his gratitude to the panel of

examiners, Dr. Cherrylyn Carolina P. Merza, Dr. Maribel B. Catungal, and Dr.

Hazel P. Alipio for their unwavering support and resolve for the successful

accomplishment of the study.

The researcher is extremely thankful, to his parent, and son for their love,

understanding, belief and support, although they are distant especially this time

of crisis.

Most importantly, to Allah that He gave the researcher wisdom, courage,

and guidance to get through this time and complete the research study blissfully.

A. A. A

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page ………………………………………………………………….... i

Approval Sheet ……………………………………………………………. ii

Abstract……………………………………………………………………. iii

Acknowledgement ……………………………………………………....... v

Table of Contents ………………………………………………………… vi

List of Tables ………………………………………………………………. viii

List of Figures …………………………………………………………....... ix

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION

Rationale and Background …………………………………….. 1

Theoretical Framework …………….…………………………… 2

Research Paradigm …………………………………………….. 5

Statement of the Problem …………………………………….…. 5

Hypothesis of the Study …….………………………………….. 6

Significance of the Study …………………………………….….. 6

Scope and Delimitation of the Study ………………………….… 7

Definition of Terms ……………………………………….……… 8

Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ………………….…. 9

Chapter 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design ……………………………………………….… 16

Sources of Data ………………………………………………….. 16

Instrumentation and Data Collection ………………………… 16

Tools for Data Analysis …………………………………………. 17

Ethical Considerations …………………………………………… 19

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Chapter 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ……………………………… 20

Chapter 5 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary ………………………………………………………….. 24

Conclusion ………………………………………………………… 24

Recommendations ……………………………………………….. 25

BIBLIOGRAPHY ………………………………………………………….. 26

APPENDIX

A Letter of Permission ……………………………………………… 27

B Plant Identification ……………………………………………… 28

C University Research Ethics Board Clearance ……………….. 29

D Certificate of Antibacterial Testing ..…………………………. 30

E Laboratory Result ………………………………………………. 31

F Bacterial Request Certificate …………………………………. 32

G Certificate of Waste Disposal …………………………………… 33

H Certificate of Statistical Analysis …………………………….. 34

I Statistical Analysis Result ……………………………………… 35

CURRICULUM VITAE …………………………………………………… 36

LIST OF TABLES

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Table No. Title

1 Interpretation of MICs and Zone Diameters 15

2 The Extent of Zone Inhibition of Cadena de Amor (Antigonon

leptopus Hook. & Arn.) leaves extract and Clindamycin

against S. mutans 20

3 P-values on the mean zone of inhibition of each extract

and control 21

LIST OF FIGURES

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Figure No. Title

1 Research Paradigm 6

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