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MODULE 5 Understanding Purpose in The Japanese Society

1) This module discusses the concepts of "action" and "mobility" in Japanese society. It notes that Japanese people tend to carefully plan their daily actions from waking up to commuting to work. 2) The module then covers common verbs used to describe daily activities in Japanese and particles like "o" and "de" that are used with verbs to indicate objects and places. 3) It concludes by outlining exercises and an assessment for students to practice forming verb conjugations and translating short dialogues about common daily activities from Japanese to English.

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Oda Ritsu
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
84 views

MODULE 5 Understanding Purpose in The Japanese Society

1) This module discusses the concepts of "action" and "mobility" in Japanese society. It notes that Japanese people tend to carefully plan their daily actions from waking up to commuting to work. 2) The module then covers common verbs used to describe daily activities in Japanese and particles like "o" and "de" that are used with verbs to indicate objects and places. 3) It concludes by outlining exercises and an assessment for students to practice forming verb conjugations and translating short dialogues about common daily activities from Japanese to English.

Uploaded by

Oda Ritsu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MODULE 5 Understanding Purpose in the Japanese Society

Introduction

A general overview of Japanese culture can be a serviceable


supplementary text in courses on postwar Japanese culture or a useful
reference for non-specialists who would like to include Japan-related
material in more general classes. People sometimes undercuts their own
purposes. For example, they are very careful to point out that a Japanese
person’s experience would vary greatly depending on where he/she is
raised, and that Japanese customs are constantly undergoing change.

Understanding Japanese Society could be profitably included in the


required reading of courses on postwar Japanese society. This would be
especially helpful in courses where the students either do not have a
uniformly strong educational background or are entirely unfamiliar with
Japan. What benefit does learning Japanese provide people? Opportunities?
Wealth? Etc. these factor will greatly affect the action of an individual that is
studying this course.

Learning Outcomes

At the end of this module the students should be able to:

 Construct sentences with a specific instruction/ action.

 Provide a substantial meaning to a certain non-Japanese word.

 Exchange ideas, through Japanese terms.


Lesson 9 こうどう(Action/ Mobility)

ごい: たべます (eat) ごうちゃ (black tea)


のみます (drink) ジュース (juice)
みます (see, look at, watch) ビデオ (video tape)

ききます (hear, listen) えいが (movie)


よみます (read) てがみ (letter)
かきます (write, draw, paint) レポート (report)

かいます (buy) しゃしん (photograph)


とります (take[a photograph]) みせ (store, shop)

します (do) レストラン (restaurant)


あいます (meet[a friend]) にわ (garden)

ごはん (cooked rice) しゅくだい (homework)


あさごはん (breakfast) テニス (tennis)
ひるごはん (lunch) サッカー (soccer)
ばんごはん (supper) [お]ななみ (cherry-blossom viewing)
パン (bread) なに (what)
たまご (egg) いっしょに (together)
にく (meat) ちょっと (a little bit)
さかな (fish) いつも (always, usually)
やさい (vegetable) ときどき (sometimes)
くだもの (fruit) それから (after, and then)
みず (water) ええ (yes)
おちゃ (tea, green tea) いいですね。(That’s good.)

ぎゅうにゅう (milk) わかりました。 (I see.)

The fact or process of doing something, typically to achieve an aim is


what we call “Action”. Whatever kind of stimulus you create that instill
movement will grant a cause and effect factor. This is no big deal when it
comes to daily living. Japanese people tends to be very careful on their daily
actions, from waking up to going to their work, riding the train until they went
home. This is what the lesson will complement in this discussion.
N を V (transitive)

を is used to indicate the direct object of a transitive verb.

1. ジュースを のみます。 I drink juice.

[Note] を and お are pronounced the same. The former is used only in writing the
particle.

N を します
The words used as the objects of the verb します cover a fairly wide range. します
means that the action denoted by the noun is performed. Some examples are shown
below.

1. To “play” sports or games


サッカーを します play football
テニスを します play tennis

2. To “hold” gatherings
パーチイーを します give a party
かいぎを します hold a meeting

3. to “do” something
しゅくだいを します do homework
しごとを します do one’s work

なにを しますか

This is a question to ask what someone does.


げつようび なにを しますか。 What will you do on Monday?
。。。きょうとへ いきます。 … I’ll go to Kyoto.
きのう なにを しましたか。 What did you do yesterday?
。。。サッカーを しました。 … I played football.

[Note] You can make a word expressing time the topic by adding は.
げつようびは なにを しますか。 On Monday what will you do?
。。。きょうとへ いきます。 …I’ll go to Kyoto.

なん and なに
Both なん and なに mean “what.”
1. なん is used in the following cases.

a. When it precedes a word whose first mora is either in the た, だ or な –row.


それは なんですか。 What is that?
なんの ほんですか。 What is the book about?
ねる まえに、 なんと いいますか。What do you say before going to bed?
b. When it is followed by a counter suffix or the like.
やまだーさんは なんさいですか。 How old is Teresa?

2. なに is used in all other cases.


なにを かいますか。 What will you buy?

N (place) で V

When added after a noun denoting a place, で indicates the place where an action
occurs.
えきで しんぶんを かいます。 I buy the newspaper at the station.

V ませんか

When you want to invite someone to do something, this expression is used.


いっしょに きょうとへ いきませんか。
。。。ええ、 いいですね。
Won’t you come to Kyoto with us?
…That’s a nice idea.

V ましょう

This expression is used when a speaker is positively inviting the listener to do something
with the speaker. It is also used when responding positively to an invitation.
ちょっと やすみましょう。 Let’s have a break.
いっしょに ひるごはんを たべませんか。 Won’t you have lunch with me?
。。。ええ、 たべましょう。 … Yes, let’s go and eat.
[Note] An invitation using V ませんか shows more consideration to the listener’s will
than that using V ましょう.
Listening Exercise:

Activities
1. Listening
2. Real Dialogue
3. Shadowing
4. Reading

Assessment

Quiz

A. Fill the graph with the proper term (masu-form) of the verb.

Verb ~ます ~ません ~ました ~ませんでした ~ましょう ~ませんか

(Eat)

(Drink)

(Read)

(Listen)

(Sleep)
B. Translate the following Japanese Sentences in English.

1. わたしは ほんを よめます。

________________________________________________________________.

2. まいにち なにを たべますか。

________________________________________________________________.

3. きのう なにを しましたか。

________________________________________________________________.

4. あした テニスを します。

________________________________________________________________.

5. いっしょに いきませんか。

________________________________________________________________.

C. Translate the conversation in Romanji.

いっしょに いきませんか

やまだ: さとうーさん
さとう: なんですか。
やまだ: あした ともだちと おはなみを します。
さとうーさんも いっしょに いきませんか。
さとう: いいですね。 どこへ いきますか。
やまだ: きょうとじょうです。
さとう: なんじに いきますか。
やまだ: 10じに きょうとえきで あいましょう。
さとう: わかりました。
やまだ: じゃ また あした。

Title:

__________: ____________________________________________
__________: ____________________________________________
__________: ____________________________________________

__________: ____________________________________________
__________: ____________________________________________
__________: ____________________________________________
__________: ____________________________________________
__________: ____________________________________________
__________: ____________________________________________
Lesson 10 こうかん , いみ (Exchanging, Meaning)

ごい: きります (cut, slice) シャツ (shirt)


おくります (send) プレゼント (present, gift)
あげます (give) にもつ (luggage, baggage, parcel)
もらいます (receive) おかね (money)
かします (lend) きっぷ (ticket)
かります (borrow) ちち ([my] father)
おしえます(teach) はは ([my] mother)
ならいます(learn) おとうさん ([someone else’s] father)
かけます (make[a telephone]) おかあさん ([someone else’s] mother)
て (hand, arm) もう (already)
はし (chopsticks) まだ (not yet)
スプーン (spoon) これから (from now on, soon)
ナイフ (knife) [~、]すてきですね。 (What a nice[~])
フォーク (fork) ワ-プロ (word processor)
はさみ (scissors) パソコン (personal computer)
ファクス (fax) パンチ (punch)
ホッテキス (stapler) いらっしゃい。(Welcome)
セロテープ (Scotch tape) かみ (paper)
けしゴム (eraser) はな (flower, blossom)
りょこう (travel, trip, tour) おみやげ (souvenir, present)
しつれいします。(Sorry for the bother.)
どうぞ おあがり ください。(Do come in.)
いただきます。(Thanks for the food [before eating])
ごめんください。 (Excuse me./Anybody home?.May I come in? [visitor expression])
[~は]いかがですか。(Won’t you have [~]?/ Would you like to have [~]? [used when offering
something])

The idea of exchanging ideas between one person to another is a way


to establish rapport especially when dealing with an important conversation,
request etc. In the case of different languages, where the native tongue is
not in use but another language that is simply unfamiliar to you, asking the
meaning and translating it to a much more understandable language is the
key. Therefore, the exchange in knowledge become a resource for acquiring
new meanings, thus learning a new language. This lesson will cover that
issue.
N (tool/means) で V

The particle で indicates a method or a mean used for an action.

はしで たべます。 I eat with chopsticks.

にほんごで レポーテを かきます。 I write a report in Japanese.

“Word/Sentence” は~ごでなんですか

This question is used to ask how to say a word or a sentence in other languages.

[ありがとう]は えいごで なんですか。 What’s “ありがとう” in English?

。。。[Thank you]です。 …It’s “Thank you”

[Thank you]は にほんごで なんですか。 What’s “Thank you” in Japanese?

。。。[ありがとう]です。 …It’s “ありがとう.”

N(person) に あげます、etc.

Verbs like あげます, かします, おしえます, etc., need persons to whom you give, lend,
teach, etc. The persons are marked with に.

やまださんは きむらさんに はなを あげました。 Mr. Yamada gave flowers to Ms. Kimura.

リーさんに ほんを かしました。 I lent my book to Ms. Lee.

さとうーくんに えいごを おしえます。 I teach Taro English.

[Note] With verbs like おくります、でんわを かけます、etc., place nouns can be


used instead of N (person). In this case, the particle へ is sometimes used instead of に.

かいしゃに(へ) でんわを かけます。 I’ll call my office.

N(person) に もらいます, etc.

Verbs like もらいます, かります and ならいます express actions from the receiving
side. The persons from whom you receive those actions are marked with に.

きむらさんは やまださんに はなを もらいました。 Ms. Kimura received flowers from Mr. Yamada.

カリナさんに ほんを かりました。 I borrowed a book from Ms. Karina.

ワンさんに ちゅうごくごを ならいます。 I learn Chinese from Mr. Wang.


から is sometimes used instead of に in this sentence pattern. When you receive
something from an organization like a school or a company, only から is used.

きむらさんは やまださんから はなを もらいました。


Ms. Kimura received flowers from Mr. Yamada.

ぎんこうから おかねを かりました。


I borrowed some money from the bank.

もう V ました

もう means “already” and is used with V ました. In this case, V ました means that the
action has been finished.

The answer to the question もう V ましたか is はい, もう V ました


or いいえ、まだです。

もう にもつを おくりましたか。 Have you sent the parcel yet?

。。。はい、[もう]おくりました。 … Yes, I have [already sent it].

。。。いいえ、 またです。 … No, not yet.

In giving a negative answer to this type of question, you should not use V ませんでした,
as this simply means you did not do the specified task rather than you have not done it
yet.
Listening Exercise:

Activities
1. Listening
2. Real Dialogue
3. Shadowing
4. Reading

Assessment

Quiz

A. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. “Good Morning” は にほんごで なんですか。


_____________________________________________________________________.

2. もう しんかんせんの きっぷを かましたか。


_____________________________________________________________________.

3. わたし もう たべました。
_____________________________________________________________________.

4. はしで ごはんを たべます。


_____________________________________________________________________.

5. わたしの ともだちは はさみを かします。


_____________________________________________________________________.

B. Translate the conversation in Romanji. (Scenario Shown)


いらっしゃい

いちろう: はい。
せんどう: せんどうです。
……………………………………………………………………………….
いちろう: いらっしゃい。 どうぞ おあがり ください。
せんどう: しつれいします。
……………………………………………………………………………….
いちろう: ごはんは いかがですか。
せんどう: ありがとう ございます。
……………………………………………………………………………….
いちろう: どうぞ。
せんどう: いたきます。
この スプーン、すてきですね。
いちろう: ええ。 かいしゃの ひとに もらいました。
かんこくの おみやげです。

Title:

_____________: _____________________________________________________
_____________: _____________________________________________________
………………………………………………………………………………..
_____________: _____________________________________________________
_____________: _____________________________________________________
………………………………………………………………………………..
_____________: _____________________________________________________
_____________: _____________________________________________________
……………………………………………………………………………….
_____________: _____________________________________________________
_____________: _____________________________________________________
_____________: _____________________________________________________
_____________: _____________________________________________________
_____________: _____________________________________________________

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