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Linear Equations of The First Order

This document provides an overview of linear equations of the first order and their solutions. It defines linear equations of the first order and equations that can be reduced to linear form. It discusses the general solution of linear equations of the first order and covers two standard forms. For each form, it provides the integrating factor and solution. It then gives seven examples of first order differential equations and asks to solve them, determining the constant of integration when initial conditions are given.

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eula
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163 views1 page

Linear Equations of The First Order

This document provides an overview of linear equations of the first order and their solutions. It defines linear equations of the first order and equations that can be reduced to linear form. It discusses the general solution of linear equations of the first order and covers two standard forms. For each form, it provides the integrating factor and solution. It then gives seven examples of first order differential equations and asks to solve them, determining the constant of integration when initial conditions are given.

Uploaded by

eula
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Linear Equations of the First Order

Equations Reducible to Linear form


General Solution of a Linear Equation
dy An equation of the form
Case 1 : Standard Form + yP ( x ) = Q ( x ) . . . Linear in y dy
dx + P ( x) y = Q ( x) yn , n  0
dx
: = exp   P ( x ) dx  = e 
P ( x ) dx
Intergrating Factor
dy
 y −n + P ( x ) y1−n = Q ( x )
Solution : y =  Q ( x ) dx + C dx
is called Bernoulli’s equation after James Bernoulli, who studied it in
1695. If n=1, then the above equation can be solved by separation
Case 2 : Standard Form
dx
+ xM ( y ) = N ( y ) . . . Linear in x of variables but if n≠1, then the equation can be solved using
dy z = y1− n and the solution of linear equations of the 1st order.
: = exp   M ( y ) dy  = e 
M ( y ) dy
Intergrating Factor
Solve each of the following differential equations and determine the
Solution : x =  N ( y ) dy + C constant of integration when initial conditions are given.

Solve the following 1. 2


dy y
− = 5 x3 y 3
dy dx x
− 2 y = e3 x
2. ( x 3 y 2 + xy ) dx = dy
1.
dx
dy
2.x + 3 y = x 2 3.
dy
+ y tan x = y 3 sec x
dx dx
3.( x − 2 y ) dy + ydx = 0 dx
4. = x 2 y + 2 xy; when x = 1 and y = 0
4.( x + 2 y 3 )
dy dy
=y
dx dy
5. y sin x − cos x = y 2
dx 4 x dx
5. − = y 5 ; x = 4 and y = 1
dy y
dy
6. − y tan x = 3e − sin x ; y = 4 and x = 0
dx
7.x 2 dy − sin 2 xdy + 3xydx = 0

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