Optimisation Part 2 Key

optimisation part 2 [269 marks]
Haruka has an eco-friendly bag in the shape of a cuboid with width 12 cm, length
36 cm and height of 9 cm. The bag is made from five rectangular pieces of cloth
and is open at the top.
1a. Calculate the area of cloth, in cm2, needed to make Haruka’s bag. [2 marks]
Markscheme
* This question is from an exam for a previous syllabus, and may contain
minor differences in marking or structure.
36 × 12 + 2(9 ×12) + 2(9 × 36) (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution into surface area of cuboid formula.
= 1300 (cm2) (1296 (cm2)) (A1)(G2)
[2 marks]
1b. Calculate the volume, in cm3, of the bag. [2 marks]

Markscheme
36 × 9 ×12 (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution into volume of cuboid formula.
= 3890 (cm3) (3888 (cm3)) (A1)(G2)
[2 marks]
Nanako decides to make her own eco-friendly bag in the shape of a cuboid such
that the surface area is minimized.
The width of Nanako’s bag is x cm, its length is three times its width and its height
is y cm.
The volume of Nanako’s bag is 3888 cm3.
1c. Use this value to write down, and simplify, the equation in x and y for the[2 marks]
volume of Nanako’s bag.
Markscheme
3x × x × y = 3888 (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution into volume of cuboid formula and
equated to 3888.
x2y = 1296 (A1)(G2)

Note: Award (A1) for correct fully simplified volume of cuboid.
1296
Accept y= x2
.
[2 marks]
1d. Write down and simplify an expression in x and y for the area of cloth, A, [2 marks]
used to make Nanako’s bag.
Markscheme
(A =) 3x2 + 2(xy) + 2(3xy) (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution into surface area of cuboid formula.
(A =) 3x2 + 8xy (A1)(G2)

Note: Award (A1) for correct simplified surface area of cuboid formula.
[2 marks]
1e. Use your answers to parts (c) and (d) to show that [2 marks]
10368
A = 3x2 + x
.
Markscheme
A = 3x2 + 8x ( 1296
x2
) (A1)(ft)(M1)
Note: Award (A1)(ft) for correct rearrangement of their part (c) seen
(rearrangement may be seen in part(c)), award (M1) for substitution of their
part (c) into their part (d) but only if this leads to the given answer, which
must be shown.
10368
A = 3x2 + x
(AG)
[2 marks]
1f. Find dA . [3 marks]

dx
Markscheme
( ddAx ) = 6x − 10368
x2
(A1)(A1)(A1)
Note: Award (A1) for 6x, (A1) for −10368, (A1) for x−2 . Award a maximum
of (A1)(A1)(A0) if any extra terms seen.
[3 marks]
1g. Use your answer to part (f) to show that the width of Nanako’s bag is 12 [3 marks]
cm.
Markscheme
10368
6x − x2
=0 (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for equating their ddA to zero.

x
6x3 = 10368 OR 6x3 − 10368 = 0 OR x3 − 1728 = 0 (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for correctly rearranging their equation so that fractions
are removed.
x = √1728
3
(A1)
x = 12 (cm) (AG)
Note: The (AG) line must be seen for the final (A1) to be awarded.
Substituting x = 12 invalidates the method, award a maximum of (M1)(M0)
(A0).
[3 marks]
A closed cylindrical can with radius r centimetres and height h centimetres has a
volume of 20π cm3.
2a. Express h in terms of r. [2 marks]

Markscheme
correct equation for volume (A1)
eg πr2 h = 20π
20
h= r2
A1 N2
[2 marks]
The material for the base and top of the can costs 10 cents per cm2 and the
material for the curved side costs 8 cents per cm2. The total cost of the material,
in cents, is C.
320π
2b. Show that C = 20πr2 + r
. [4 marks]
Markscheme
attempt to find formula for cost of parts (M1)
eg 10 × two circles, 8 × curved side
correct expression for cost of two circles in terms of r (seen anywhere) A1
eg 2πr2 × 10
correct expression for cost of curved side (seen anywhere) (A1)
eg 2πr × h × 8
correct expression for cost of curved side in terms of r A1
eg 8 × 2πr × 202 , 3202 π
r r
320π
C = 20πr2 + r
AG N0
[4 marks]
2c. Given that there is a minimum value for C, find this minimum value in [9 marks]
terms of π.
Markscheme
recognize C ′ = 0 at minimum (R1)
eg C ′ = 0, dCd
=0
r
correct differentiation (may be seen in equation)
320π
C ′ = 40πr − r2
A1A1
correct equation A1
eg 40πr − 2 = 0, 40πr 3202 π
320π
r r
correct working (A1)
eg 40r3 = 320, r3 =8
r = 2 (m) A1
attempt to substitute their value of r into C
eg 20π × 4 + 320 × π2 (M1)
correct working
eg 80π + 160π (A1)
240π (cents) A1 N3
Note: Do not accept 753.6, 753.98 or 754, even if 240π is seen.
[9 marks]
A factory produces shirts. The cost, C, in Fijian dollars (FJD), of producing x shirts
can be modelled by
C(x) = (x − 75)2 + 100.
3a. Find the cost of producing 70 shirts. [2 marks]
Markscheme
(70 − 75)2 + 100 (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for substituting in x = 70.
125 (A1) (C2)
[2 marks]
The cost of production should not exceed 500 FJD. To do this the factory needs to
produce at least 55 shirts and at most s shirts.
3b. Find the value of s. [2 marks]
Markscheme
(s − 75)2 + 100 = 500 (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for equating C(x) to 500. Accept an inequality instead of =.
OR
(M1)
Note: Award (M1) for sketching correct graph(s).

(s =) 95 (A1) (C2)
[2 marks]
3c. Find the number of shirts produced when the cost of production is [2 marks]
lowest.
Markscheme
(M1)
Note: Award (M1) for an attempt at finding the minimum point using graph.
OR
95+55
2 (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for attempting to find the mid-point between their part (b)
and 55.
OR
(C'(x) =) 2x − 150 = 0 (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for an attempt at differentiation that is correctly equated
to zero.
75 (A1) (C2)
[2 marks]
( ) = 12 cos − 5 sin , − ⩽ ⩽2
Let f (x) = 12 cos x − 5 sin x, −π ⩽ x ⩽ 2π, be a periodic function with
f (x) = f (x + 2π)
The following diagram shows the graph of f .
There is a maximum point at A. The minimum value of f is −13 .
4a. Find the coordinates of A. [2 marks]
Markscheme
−0.394791,13
A(−0.395, 13) A1A1 N2
[2 marks]
4b. For the graph of f , write down the amplitude. [1 mark]
Markscheme
13 A1 N1
[1 mark]
4c. For the graph of f , write down the period. [1 mark]
Markscheme
2π, 6.28 A1 N1
[1 mark]
4d. Hence, write f (x) in the form p cos (x + r). [3 marks]
Markscheme
valid approach (M1)
eg recognizing that amplitude is p or shift is r
f (x) = 13 cos (x + 0.395) (accept p = 13, r = 0.395) A1A1 N3
Note: Accept any value of r of the form 0.395 + 2πk, k ∈ Z
[3 marks]
A ball on a spring is attached to a fixed point O. The ball is then pulled down and
released, so that it moves back and forth vertically.
The distance, d centimetres, of the centre of the ball from O at time t seconds, is
given by
d (t) = f (t) + 17, 0 ⩽ t ⩽ 5.
4e. Find the maximum speed of the ball. [3 marks]

Markscheme
recognizing need for d ′(t) (M1)
eg −12 sin(t) − 5 cos(t)
correct approach (accept any variable for t) (A1)
eg −13 sin(t + 0.395), sketch of d′, (1.18, −13), t = 4.32
maximum speed = 13 (cms−1) A1 N2
[3 marks]
4f. Find the first time when the ball’s speed is changing at a rate of 2 cm [5 marks]
s−2.
Markscheme
recognizing that acceleration is needed (M1)
eg a(t), d "(t)
correct equation (accept any variable for t) (A1)
eg a (t) = −2, ∣∣ dd (d ′ (t))∣∣ = 2, −12 cos (t) + 5 sin (t) = −2
t
valid attempt to solve their equation (M1)
eg sketch, 1.33
1.02154
1.02 A2 N3
[5 marks]
f (x) = e2 sin( 2 ) , for x > 0.

πx
Let
The k th maximum point on the graph of f has x-coordinate xk where k ∈ Z+ .
5a. Given that xk + 1 = xk + a, find a. [4 marks]

Markscheme
valid approach to find maxima (M1)
eg one correct value of xk, sketch of f
any two correct consecutive values of xk (A1)(A1)
eg x1 = 1, x2 = 5
a=4 A1 N3
[4 marks]
5b. n [4 marks]
∑
Hence find the value of n such that k=1 xk = 861.
Markscheme
recognizing the sequence x1, x2, x3, …, xn is arithmetic (M1)
eg d = 4
correct expression for sum (A1)
eg n2 (2 (1) + 4 (n − 1))
valid attempt to solve for n (M1)
eg graph, 2n2 − n − 861 = 0
n = 21 A1 N2
[4 marks]
48
Consider the function f (x) = x
+ kx2 − 58, where x > 0 and k is a constant.
The graph of the function passes through the point with coordinates (4 , 2).
P is the minimum point of the graph of f (x).
6. Sketch the graph of y = f (x) for 0 < x ≤ 6 and −30 ≤ y ≤ 60. [4 marks]
Clearly indicate the minimum point P and the x-intercepts on your graph.
Markscheme
(A1)(A1)(ft)(A1)(ft)(A1)(ft)
Note: Award (A1) for correct window. Axes must be labelled.

(A1)(ft) for a smooth curve with correct shape and zeros in approximately
correct positions relative to each other.
(A1)(ft) for point P indicated in approximately the correct position. Follow
through from their x-coordinate in part (c). (A1)(ft) for two x-intercepts
identified on the graph and curve reflecting asymptotic properties.
[4 marks]
A manufacturer makes trash cans in the form of a cylinder with a hemispherical
top. The trash can has a height of 70 cm. The base radius of both the cylinder and
the hemispherical top is 20 cm.
7a. Write down the height of the cylinder. [1 mark]
Markscheme
50 (cm) (A1)
[1 mark]
7b. Find the total volume of the trash can. [4 marks]
Markscheme
π × 50 × 202 + 1
2 × 4
3
× π × 203 (M1)(M1)(M1)
Note: Award (M1) for their correctly substituted volume of cylinder, (M1) for
correctly substituted volume of sphere formula, (M1) for halving the
substituted volume of sphere formula. Award at most (M1)(M1)(M0) if there
is no addition of the volumes.
76000
= 79600 (cm3 ) (79587.0 … (cm3 ) , 3
π) (A1)(ft) (G3)
Note: Follow through from part (a).
[4 marks]
A designer is asked to produce a new trash can.
The new trash can will also be in the form of a cylinder with a hemispherical top.
This trash can will have a height of H cm and a base radius of r cm.
There is a design constraint such that H + 2r = 110 cm.

The designer has to maximize the volume of the trash can.
7c. Find the height of the cylinder, h , of the new trash can, in terms of r. [2 marks]
Markscheme
h = H − r (or equivalent) OR H = 110 − 2r (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for writing h in terms of H and r or for writing H in terms of
r.
(h =) 110 − 3r (A1) (G2)
[2 marks]
7d. Show that the volume, V cm3 , of the new trash can is given by [3 marks]
V = 110πr3 .
Markscheme
2
(V =) 3
πr3 + πr2 × (110 − 3r) (M1)(M1)(M1)
Note: Award (M1) for volume of hemisphere, (M1) for correct substitution of
their h into the volume of a cylinder, (M1) for addition of two correctly
substituted volumes leading to the given answer. Award at most
(M1)(M1)(M0) for subsequent working that does not lead to the given
answer. Award at most (M1)(M1)(M0) for substituting H = 110 − 2r as their
h.
V = 110πr2 − 73 πr3 (AG)
[3 marks]
7e. Using your graphic display calculator, find the value of r which [2 marks]
maximizes the value of V.
Markscheme
(r =) 31.4 (cm) (31.4285… (cm)) (G2)
OR
(π) (220r − 7r2 ) = 0 (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for setting the correct derivative equal to zero.
(r =) 31.4 (cm) (31.4285… (cm)) (A1)
[2 marks]
7f. The designer claims that the new trash can has a capacity that is at [4 marks]
least 40% greater than the capacity of the original trash can.
State whether the designer’s claim is correct. Justify your answer.
Markscheme
(V =) 110π(31.4285 …)3 − 73 π(31.4285 …)3 (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution of their 31.4285… into the given
equation.
= 114000 (113781…) (A1)(ft)
Note: Follow through from part (e).
113.781…−79587.0…
(increase in capacity =) 79587.0…
× 100 = 43.0 (% ) (R1)(ft)
Note: Award (R1)(ft) for finding the correct percentage increase from their
two volumes.
OR
1.4 × 79587.0… = 111421.81… (R1)(ft)
Note: Award (R1)(ft) for finding the capacity of a trash can 40% larger than
the original.
Claim is correct (A1)(ft)
Note: Follow through from parts (b), (e) and within part (f). The final (R1)
(A1)(ft) can be awarded for their correct reason and conclusion. Do not award
(R0)(A1)(ft).
[4 marks]
−1
A particle P moves along a straight line. The velocity v m s−1 of P after t seconds is
given by v (t) = 7 cos t − 5t cos t, for 0 ≤ t ≤ 7.
The following diagram shows the graph of v.
8a. Find the initial velocity of P. [2 marks]
Markscheme
initial velocity when t = 0 (M1)
eg v(0)
v = 17 (m s−1) A1 N2
[2 marks]
8b. Find the maximum speed of P. [3 marks]

Markscheme
recognizing maximum speed when |v| is greatest (M1)
eg minimum, maximum, v' = 0
one correct coordinate for minimum (A1)
eg 6.37896, −24.6571
24.7 (ms−1) A1 N2
[3 marks]
8c. Write down the number of times that the acceleration of P is 0 m s−2 . [3 marks]
Markscheme
recognizing a = v ′ (M1)
eg a= dv , correct derivative of first term
dt
identifying when a = 0 (M1)
eg turning points of v, t-intercepts of v ′
3 A1 N3
[3 marks]
8d. Find the acceleration of P when it changes direction. [4 marks]
Markscheme
recognizing P changes direction when v = 0 (M1)
t = 0.863851 (A1)
−9.24689
a = −9.25 (ms−2) A2 N3
[4 marks]
8e. Find the total distance travelled by P. [3 marks]

Markscheme
correct substitution of limits or function into formula (A1)
7 0.8638 7
eg ∫0 | v | , ∫0 vdt − ∫0.8638 vdt, ∫ | 7 cos x − 5xcos x | dx, 3.32 = 60.6
63.8874
63.9 (metres) A2 N3
[3 marks]
9. Let f(x) = 15 − x2 , for x ∈ R. The following diagram shows part of the [7 marks]
graph of f and the rectangle OABC, where A is on the negative x-axis, B is on the
graph of f , and C is on the y-axis.
Find the x-coordinate of A that gives the maximum area of OABC.

Markscheme
attempt to find the area of OABC (M1)
eg OA × OC, x × f(x), f(x) × (−x)
correct expression for area in one variable (A1)
eg area = x(15 − x2 ), 15x − x3 , x3 − 15x
valid approach to find maximum area (seen anywhere) (M1)
eg A′ (x) = 0
correct derivative A1
eg 15 − 3x2 , (15 − x2 ) + x(−2x) = 0, − 15 + 3x2
eg 15 = 3x2 , x2 = 5, x = √5
x = −√5 (accept A (−√5, 0)) A2 N3
[7 marks]
10. Consider f(x) = log k(6x − 3x2 ), for 0 < x < 2, where k > 0. [7 marks]
The equation f(x) = 2 has exactly one solution. Find the value of k.
Markscheme
METHOD 1 – using discriminant
correct equation without logs (A1)
eg6x − 3x2 = k2
valid approach (M1)
eg−3x2 + 6x − k2 = 0, 3x2 − 6x + k2 = 0
recognizing discriminant must be zero (seen anywhere) M1
egΔ = 0
correct discriminant (A1)
eg62 − 4(−3)(−k2 ), 36 − 12k2 = 0
eg12k2 = 36, k2 = 3
k = √3 A2 N2
METHOD 2 – completing the square
correct equation without logs (A1)
eg6x − 3x2 = k2
valid approach to complete the square (M1)
2
eg3(x2 − 2x + 1) = −k2 + 3, x2 − 2x + 1 − 1 + k3 = 0
2
eg3(x − 1)2 = −k2 + 3, (x − 1)2 − 1 + k3 = 0
recognizing conditions for one solution M1
2
eg(x − 1)2 = 0, − 1 + k3 = 0
2
eg k3 = 1, k2 = 3
k = √3 A2 N2
[7 marks]
2
A quadratic function f is given by f(x) = ax2 + bx + c. The points (0, 5) and
(−4, 5) lie on the graph of y = f(x).
11a. Find the equation of the axis of symmetry of the graph of y = f(x). [2 marks]
Markscheme
x = −2 (A1)(A1) (C2)
Note: Award (A1) for x = (a constant) and (A1) for −2.
[2 marks]
11b. Write down the value of c. [1 mark]
Markscheme
(c =) 5 (A1) (C1)
[1 mark]
The y-coordinate of the minimum of the graph is 3.
11c. Find the value of a and of b. [3 marks]

Markscheme
− 2ba = −2
a(−2)2 − 2b + 5 = 3 or equivalent
a(−4)2 − 4b + 5 = 5 or equivalent
2a(−2) + b = 0 or equivalent (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for two of the above equations.
a = 0.5 (A1)(ft)
b = 2 (A1)(ft) (C3)
Note: Award at most (M1)(A1)(ft)(A0) if the answers are reversed.

Follow through from parts (a) and (b).
[3 marks]
Maria owns a cheese factory. The amount of cheese, in kilograms, Maria sells in
one week, Q, is given by
Q = 882 − 45p,
where p is the price of a kilogram of cheese in euros (EUR).
12a. Write down how many kilograms of cheese Maria sells in one week if the [1 mark]
price of a kilogram of cheese is 8 EUR.
Markscheme
522 (kg) (A1) (C1)
[1 mark]
( − 6.80)EUR
Maria earns (p − 6.80)EUR for each kilogram of cheese sold.
12b. Find how much Maria earns in one week, from selling cheese, if the [2 marks]
price of a kilogram of cheese is 8 EUR.
Markscheme
522(8 − 6.80) or equivalent (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for multiplying their answer to part (a) by (8 − 6.80).
626 (EUR) (626.40) (A1)(ft) (C2)
[2 marks]
To calculate her weekly profit W , in EUR, Maria multiplies the amount of cheese
she sells by the amount she earns per kilogram.
12c. Write down an expression for W in terms of p. [1 mark]
Markscheme
(W =) (882 − 45p)(p − 6.80) (A1)
OR
(W =) − 45p2 + 1188p − 5997.6 (A1) (C1)
[1 mark]
12d. Find the price, p, that will give Maria the highest weekly profit. [2 marks]
Markscheme
sketch of W with some indication of the maximum (M1)
OR
−90p + 1188 = 0 (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for equating the correct derivative of their part (c) to
zero.
OR
−1188
(p =) 2×(−45)
(M1)
Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution into the formula for axis of
symmetry.
(p =) 13.2 (EUR) (A1)(ft) (C2)
Note: Follow through from their part (c), if the value of p is such that
6.80 < p < 19.6.
[2 marks]
Consider the function q (x) = x5 − 10x2 + 15x − 6, x ∈ R.
13a. Show that the graph of y = q(x) is concave up for x > 1. [3 marks]
Markscheme
d 2y
d x2
= 20x3 − 20 M1A1
for x > 1, 20x3 − 20 > 0 ⇒ concave up R1AG
[3 marks]
= ( )
13b. Sketch the graph of y = q(x) showing clearly any intercepts with the [3 marks]
axes.
Markscheme
x-intercept at (1, 0) A1
y-intercept at (0, − 6) A1
stationary point of inflexion at (1, 0) with correct curvature either side A1
[3 marks]
Consider the function f defined by f(x) = x2 − a2 , x ∈ R where a is a positive

constant.
14a. Showing any x and y intercepts, any maximum or minimum points and [2 marks]
any asymptotes, sketch the following curves on separate axes.
y = f(x);
Markscheme
A1 for correct shape

A1 for correct x and y intercepts and minimum point
[2 marks]
14b. Showing any x and y intercepts, any maximum or minimum points and [4 marks]
1
y= f(x)
;
Markscheme
A1 for correct shape

A1 for correct vertical asymptotes
A1 for correct implied horizontal asymptote
A1 for correct maximum point
[??? marks]
14c. Showing any x and y intercepts, any maximum or minimum points and [2 marks]
y = ∣∣ f(1x) ∣∣.
Markscheme
A1 for reflecting negative branch from (ii) in the x-axis

A1 for correctly labelled minimum point
[2 marks]
14d. Find ∫ f(x) cos xdx. [5 marks]

Markscheme
EITHER
attempt at integration by parts (M1)
∫(x2 − a2 ) cos xdx = (x2 − a2 ) sin x − ∫ 2x sin xdx A1A1
= (x2 − a2 ) sin x − 2 [−x cos x + ∫ cos xdx] A1
= (x2 − a2 ) sin x + 2xcos − 2 sin x + c A1

OR
∫(x2 − a2 ) cos xdx = ∫ x2 cos xdx − ∫ a2 cos xdx
attempt at integration by parts (M1)
∫ x2 cos xdx = x2 sin x − ∫ 2x sin xdx A1A1
= x2 sin x − 2 [−x cos x + ∫ cos xdx] A1
= x2 sin x + 2x cos x − 2 sin x

− ∫ a2 cos xdx = −a2 sin x
∫(x2 − a2 ) cos xdx = (x2 − a2 ) sin x + 2x cos x − 2 sin x + c A1
[5 marks]
The function g is defined by g(x) = x√f(x) for |x| > a.
14e. By finding g ′ (x) explain why g is an increasing function. [4 marks]

Markscheme
1
g(x) = x(x2 − a2 ) 2
1 1
g ′ (x) = (x2 − a2 ) 2 + 12 x(x2 − a2 )− 2 (2x) M1A1A1
Note: Method mark is for differentiating the product. Award A1 for each
correct term.
1 1
g ′ (x) = (x2 − a2 ) 2 + x2 (x2 − a2 )− 2
both parts of the expression are positive hence g ′ (x) is positive R1
and therefore g is an increasing function (for |x| > a) AG
[4 marks]
Let f(x) = ln x and g(x) = 3 + ln( x2 ), for x > 0.

The graph of g can be obtained from the graph of f by two transformations:
a horizontal stretch of scale factorqfollowed by
a translation of ( ) .
h
k
15a. Write down the value of q; [1 mark]
Markscheme
q = 2 A1 N1
Note: Accept q = 1, h = 0, and k = 3 − ln(2), 2.31 as candidate may have
rewritten g(x) as equal to 3 + ln(x) − ln(2).
[1 mark]
15b. Write down the value of h ; [1 mark]

Markscheme
h = 0 A1 N1
[1 mark]
15c. Write down the value of k. [1 mark]
Markscheme
k = 3 A1 N1
[1 mark]
Let h(x) = g(x) × cos(0.1x), for 0 < x < 4. The following diagram shows the
graph of h and the line y = x.
The graph of h intersects the graph of h −1 at two points. These points have x
coordinates 0.111 and 3.31 correct to three significant figures.
15d. Find 3.31 [2 marks]

∫0.111 (h(x) − x) dx.
Markscheme
2.72409
2.72 A2 N2
[2 marks]
15e. Hence, find the area of the region enclosed by the graphs of h and h−1 . [3 marks]
Markscheme
recognizing area between y = x and h equals 2.72 (M1)
eg
recognizing graphs of h and h−1 are reflections of each other in y = x (M1)

eg area between y = x and h equals between y = x and h −1
3.31
2 × 2.72 ∫0.111 (x − h−1 (x)) dx = 2.72
5.44819
5.45 A1 N3
[??? marks]
15f. Letd be the vertical distance from a point on the graph of h to the line [7 marks]
y = x. There is a point P(a, b) on the graph of h where d is a maximum.
Find the coordinates of P, where 0.111 < a < 3.31 .
Markscheme
valid attempt to find d (M1)
eg difference in y-coordinates, d = h(x) − x
correct expression for d (A1)
eg (ln 12 x + 3) (cos 0.1x) − x
valid approach to find when d is a maximum (M1)
eg max on sketch of d, attempt to solve d ′ = 0
0.973679
x = 0.974 A2 N4
substituting their x value into h(x) (M1)
2.26938
y = 2.27 A1 N2
[7 marks]
Let f(x) = −0.5x4 + 3x2 + 2x. The following diagram shows part of the graph of
f.
There are x-intercepts at x = 0 and at x = p. There is a maximum at A where

x = a, and a point of inflexion at B where x = b.
16a. Find the value of p. [2 marks]

Markscheme
evidence of valid approach (M1)
eg f(x) = 0, y = 0
2.73205
p = 2.73 A1 N2
[2 marks]
16b. Write down the coordinates of A. [2 marks]
Markscheme
1.87938, 8.11721
(1.88, 8.12) A2 N2
[2 marks]
16c. Write down the rate of change of f at A. [1 mark]
Markscheme
rate of change is 0 (do not accept decimals) A1 N1
[1 marks]
16d. Find the coordinates of B. [4 marks]

Markscheme
METHOD 1 (using GDC)
valid approach M1
eg f ′′ = 0, max/min on f ′ , x = −1
sketch of either f ′ or f ′′ , with max/min or root (respectively) (A1)
x=1 A1 N1
Substituting their x value into f (M1)
eg f(1)
y = 4.5 A1 N1
METHOD 2 (analytical)
f ′′ = −6x2 + 6 A1
setting f ′′ = 0 (M1)
x = 1 A1 N1
substituting their x value into f (M1)
eg f(1)
y = 4.5 A1 N1
[4 marks]
16e. Find the the rate of change of f at B. [3 marks]
Markscheme
recognizing rate of change is f ′ (M1)
eg y ′ , f ′ (1)
rate of change is 6 A1 N2
[3 marks]
16f. Let
R be the region enclosed by the graph of f , the x-axis, the line [3 marks]
x = b and the line x = a. The region R is rotated 360° about the x-axis. Find the
volume of the solid formed.
Markscheme
attempt to substitute either limits or the function into formula (M1)
involving f 2 (accept absence of π and/or dx)
2 1.88
eg π ∫ (−0.5x4 + 3x2 + 2x) dx, ∫1 f2
128.890
volume = 129 A2 N3
[3 marks]
Violeta plans to grow flowers in a rectangular plot. She places a fence to mark out
the perimeter of the plot and uses 200 metres of fence. The length of the plot is x
metres.
17a. Show that the width of the plot, in metres, is given by 100 − x. [1 mark]
Markscheme
200−2x
2 (or equivalent) (M1)
OR
2x + 2y = 200 (or equivalent) (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for a correct expression leading to 100 − x (the 100 − x
does not need to be seen). The 200 must be seen for the (M1) to be awarded.
Do not accept 100 − x substituted in the perimeter of the rectangle formula.
100 − x (AG)
[1 mark]
17b. Write down the area of the plot in terms of x. [1 mark]
Markscheme
(area =) x(100 − x) OR −x2 + 100x (or equivalent) (A1)
[1 mark]
Violeta places the fence so that the area of the plot is maximized.
17c. Find the value of x that maximizes the area of the plot. [2 marks]
Markscheme
−100
x= −2
OR −2x + 100 = 0 OR graphical method (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for use of axis of symmetry formula or first derivative
equated to zero or a sketch graph.
x = 50 (A1)(ft)(G2)
Note: Follow through from part (b), provided x is positive and less than
100.
[2 marks]
By selling her flowers, Violeta earns 2 Bulgarian Levs (BGN) per square metre of
the plot.
17d. Show that Violeta earns 5000 BGN from selling the flowers grown on [2 marks]
the plot.
Markscheme
50(100 − 50) × 2 (M1)(M1)
Note: Award (M1) for substituting their x into their formula for area
(accept “50 × 50” for the substituted formula), and (M1) for multiplying by 2.
Award at most (M0)(M1) if their calculation does not lead to 5000 (BGN),
although the 5000 (BGN) does not need to be seen explicitly.
Substitution of 50 into area formula may be seen in part (c).
5000 (BGN) (AG)

[2 marks]
4 2
Consider the function f(x) = −x4 + ax2 + 5, where a is a constant. Part of the
graph of y = f(x) is shown below.
18a. Write down the y-intercept of the graph. [1 mark]
Markscheme
5 (A1)
Note: Accept an answer of (0, 5).
[1 mark]
18b. Find f ′ (x). [2 marks]
Markscheme
(f ′ (x) =) − 4x3 + 2ax (A1)(A1)
Note: Award (A1) for −4x3 and (A1) for +2ax. Award at most (A1)(A0) if
extra terms are seen.
[2 marks]
=2 = ( )
It is known that at the point where x = 2 the tangent to the graph of y = f(x) is
horizontal.
18c. Show that a = 8. [2 marks]
Markscheme
−4 × 23 + 2a × 2 = 0 (M1)(M1)
Note: Award (M1) for substitution of x = 2 into their derivative, (M1) for
equating their derivative, written in terms of a , to 0 leading to a correct
answer (note, the 8 does not need to be seen).
a=8 (AG)
[2 marks]
18d. Find f(2). [2 marks]
Markscheme
(f(2) =) − 24 + 8 × 22 + 5 (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution of x = 2 and a = 8 into the

formula of the function.
21 (A1)(G2)
[2 marks]
There are two other points on the graph of y = f(x) at which the tangent is
horizontal.
18e. Write down the x-coordinates of these two points; [2 marks]

Markscheme
(x =) − 2, (x =) 0 (A1)(A1)
Note: Award (A1) for each correct solution. Award at most (A0)(A1)(ft) if
answers are given as (−2 , 21) and (0, 5) or (−2, 0) and (0, 0).
[2 marks]
18f. Write down the intervals where the gradient of the graph of y = f(x) is [2 marks]
positive.
Markscheme
x < −2, 0 < x < 2 (A1)(ft)(A1)(ft)
Note: Award (A1)(ft) for x < −2, follow through from part (d)(i) provided
their value is negative.
Award (A1)(ft) for 0 < x < 2, follow through only from their 0 from part (d)(i);
2 must be the upper limit.
Accept interval notation.
[2 marks]
18g. Write down the range of f(x). [2 marks]

Markscheme
y ⩽ 21 (A1)(ft)(A1)
Notes: Award (A1)(ft) for 21 seen in an interval or an inequality, (A1) for “

y ⩽”.
Accept −∞ < y ⩽ 21 or f(x) ⩽ 21.
Follow through from their answer to part (c)(ii). Award at most (A1)(ft)(A0) if
x is seen instead of y. Do not award the second (A1) if a (finite) lower limit is
seen.
[2 marks]
18h. Write down the number of possible solutions to the equation f(x) = 5. [1 mark]
Markscheme
3 (solutions) (A1)
[1 mark]
18i. The equation f(x) = m, where m ∈ R, has four solutions. Find the [2 marks]
possible values of m .
Markscheme
5 < m < 21 or equivalent (A1)(ft)(A1)
Note: Award (A1)(ft) for 5 and 21 seen in an interval or an inequality, (A1)

for correct strict inequalities. Follow through from their answers to parts (a)
and (c)(ii).
[2 marks]
A water container is made in the shape of a cylinder with internal height h cm and
internal base radius r cm.
The water container has no top. The inner surfaces of the container are to be
coated with a water-resistant material.
19a. Write down a formula for A, the surface area to be coated. [2 marks]
Markscheme
(A =) πr2 + 2πrh (A1)(A1)
Note: Award (A1) for either πr2 OR 2πrh seen. Award (A1) for two correct
terms added together.
[2 marks]
The volume of the water container is 0.5m3 .
19b. Express this volume in cm3 . [1 mark]
Markscheme
500 000 (A1)
Notes: Units not required.
[1 mark]
19c. Write down, in terms of r and h, an equation for the volume of this water [1 mark]
container.
Markscheme
500 000 = πr2 h (A1)(ft)
Notes: πr2 h equating to their part (b).

Award (A1)(ft) for
Do not accept unless V = πr2 h is explicitly defined as their part (b).
[1 mark]
1 000 000
19d. Show that A = πr2 + r
. [2 marks]
Markscheme
A = πr2 + 2πr ( 500πr000
2 ) (A1)(ft)(M1)
Note: Award (A1)(ft) for their 500 000

2 seen.
πr
Award (M1) for correctly substituting only 500 000
2 into a correct part (a).
πr
500 000
Award (A1)(ft)(M1) for rearranging part (c) to πrh = r
and substituting
for πrh in expression for A.
1 000 000
A = πr2 + r
(AG)
Notes: The conclusion, A = πr2 + 1 000r 000 , must be consistent with their
working seen for the (A1) to be awarded.
Accept 106 as equivalent to 1 000 000.
[2 marks]
The water container is designed so that the area to be coated is minimized.
19e. Find dA . [3 marks]

d r
Markscheme
1 000 000
2πr − r2
(A1)(A1)(A1)
1
Note: Award (A1) for 2πr, (A1) for or r−2 , (A1) for −1 000 000.
r2
[3 marks]
19f. Using your answer to part (e), find the value of r which minimizes A. [3 marks]
Markscheme
1 000 000
2πr − r2
=0 (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for equating their part (e) to zero.
r3 = 1 000 000
2π
OR r=√
3 1 000 000
2π
(M1)
Note: Award (M1) for isolating r.
OR
sketch of derivative function (M1)
with its zero indicated (M1)
(r =) 54.2 (cm) (54.1926 …) (A1)(ft)(G2)
[3 marks]
19g. Find the value of this minimum area. [2 marks]

Markscheme
1 000 000
π(54.1926 …)2 + (54.1926…)
(M1)
Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution of their part (f) into the given
equation.
= 27 700 (cm2 ) (27 679.0 …) (A1)(ft)(G2)

[2 marks]
One can of water-resistant material coats a surface area of 2000cm 2 .
19h. Find the least number of cans of water-resistant material that will coat [3 marks]
the area in part (g).
Markscheme
27 679.0…
2000
(M1)
Note: Award (M1) for dividing their part (g) by 2000.
= 13.8395 … (A1)(ft)
Notes: Follow through from part (g).
14 (cans) (A1)(ft)(G3)
Notes: Final (A1) awarded for rounding up their 13.8395 … to the next
integer.
[3 marks]
20a. A company sells fruit juices in cylindrical cans, each of which has a [3 marks]
3 2
volume of 340 cm . The surface area of a can is A cm and is given by
the formula
680
A = 2πr2 + r
,
where r is the radius of the can, in cm .
To reduce the cost of a can, its surface area must be minimized.
Find ddA
r
Markscheme
( ddAr ) = 4πr − 680

r2
(A1)(A1)(A1) (C3)
1
Note: Award (A1) for 4πr (accept 12.6r), (A1) for −680, (A1) for or r−2
r2
Award at most (A1)(A1)(A0) if additional terms are seen.
20b. Calculate the value of r that minimizes the surface area of a can. [3 marks]
Markscheme
680
4πr − r2
=0 (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for equating their ddA to zero.

r
4πr3 − 680 = 0 (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for initial correct rearrangement of the equation. This may
be assumed if r3 = 680
4π
or r=√
3 680
4π
seen.
OR
sketch of
A with some indication of minimum point (M1)(M1)
Note: Award (M1) for sketch of A, (M1) for indication of minimum point.
OR
sketch of ddA with some indication of zero (M1)(M1)
r
Note: Award (M1) for sketch of ddA , (M1) for indication of zero.
r
(r =) 3.78 (cm) (3.78239...) (A1)(ft) (C3)
Fred makes an open metal container in the shape of a cuboid, as shown in the
following diagram.
The container has height xm, width xm and length ym. The volume is 36m3 .
Let A(x) be the outside surface area of the container.
108
21a. Show that A(x) = x
+ 2x2 . [4 marks]
Markscheme
correct substitution into the formula for volume A1
eg36 = y × x × x
valid approach to eliminate y (may be seen in formula/substitution) M1
egy = 362 , xy = 36
x
x
correct expression for surface area A1
egxy + xy + xy + x2 + x2 , area = 3xy + 2x2
correct expression in terms of x only A1
eg3x ( 362 ) + 2x2 , x2 + x2 + 36

x
+ 36
x
+ 36
x
, 2x2 + 3 ( 36 )
x
x
108
A(x) = x
+ 2x2 AG N0
[4 marks]
21b. Find A′ (x). [2 marks]
Markscheme
A′ (x) = − 108
x2
+ 4x, 4x − 108x−2 A1A1 N2
Note: Award A1 for each term.

[2 marks]
21c. Given that the outside surface area is a minimum, find the height of the [5 marks]
container.
Markscheme
recognizing that minimum is when A′ (x) =0 (M1)
correct equation (A1)
eg− 108
2 + 4x = 0, 4x =
108
2
x x
correct simplification (A1)
eg−108 + 4x3 = 0, 4x3 = 108
egx3 = 27
height = 3 (m) (accept x = 3) A1 N2
[5 marks]
21d. Fred paints the outside of the container. A tin of paint covers a surface [5 marks]
area of 10 m2 and costs $20. Find the total cost of the tins needed to
paint the container.
Markscheme
attempt to find area using their height (M1)
eg 108
3
+ 2(3)2 , 9 + 9 + 12 + 12 + 12
minimum surface area = 54 m2 (may be seen in part (c)) A1
attempt to find the number of tins (M1)
eg 54
10
, 5.4
6 (tins) (A1)
$120 A1 N3
[5 marks]
16 cm 10 cm
22a. Hugo is given a rectangular piece of thin cardboard, 16 cm by 10 cm . [2 marks]
He decides to design a tray with it.
He removes from each corner the shaded squares of side x cm , as shown in the
following diagram.
The remainder of the cardboard is folded up to form the tray as shown in the
following diagram.
Write down, in terms of x , the length and the width of the tray.
Markscheme
16 − 2x, 10 − 2x (A1)(A1)
22b. (i) State whether x can have a value of 5. Give a reason for your [4 marks]
answer.
(ii) Write down the interval for the possible values of x .
Markscheme
(i) no (A1)
(when x is 5) the width of the tray will be zero / there is no short edge to fold /
10 − 2 (5) = 0 (R1)
Note: Do not award (R0)(A1). Award the (R1) for reasonable explanation.
(ii) 0<x<5 (A1)(A1)

Note: Award (A1) for 0 and 5 seen, (A1) for correct strict inequalities (accept
alternative notation). Award (A1)(A0) for “between 0 and 5” or “from 0 to 5”.
Do not accept a list of integers.
22c. Show that the volume, V cm3 , of this tray is given by [2 marks]
V = 4x3 − 52x2 + 160x.
Markscheme
V = (16 − 2x) (10 − 2x) (x) (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for their correct substitution in volume of cuboid formula.
= 160x − 32x2 − 20x2 + 4x3 (or equivalent) (M1)
= 160x − 52x2 + 4x3 (AG)
Note: Award (M1) for showing clearly the expansion and for simplifying the
expression, and this must be seen to award second (M1). The (AG) line must
be seen for the final (M1) to be awarded.
22d. Find dV . [3 marks]

dx
Markscheme
12x2 − 104x + 160 (or equivalent) (A1)(A1)(A1)
Note: Award (A1) for 12x2 , (A1) for −104x and (A1) for +160. If extra terms
are seen award at most (A1)(A1)(A0).
22e. Using your answer from part (d) , find the value of x that maximizes [2 marks]
the volume of the tray.
Markscheme
12x2 − 104x + 160 = 0 (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for equating their derivative to 0.
x=2 (A1)(ft)
Note: Award (M1) for a sketch of their derivative in part (d), (A1)(ft) for
reading the x-intercept from their graph.
Award (M0)(A0) for x = 2 with no working seen.
Award at most (M1)(A0) if the answer is a pair of coordinates.
Award at most (M1)(A0) if the answer given is x = 2 and x = 20 3
Follow through from their derivative in part (d). Award (A1)(ft) only if answer
is positive and less than 5.
22f. Calculate the maximum volume of the tray. [2 marks]
Markscheme
4(2)3 − 52(2)2 + 160(2) (M1)
Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution of their answer to part (e) into
volume formula.
144 (cm3 ) (A1)(ft)(G2)
Note: Follow through from part (d).
22g. Sketch the graph of V = 4x3 − 51x2 + 160x , for the possible values of [4 marks]
x found in part (b)(ii), and 0 ⩽ V ⩽ 200 . Clearly label the maximum point.
Markscheme
(A1)(A1)(ft)(A1)(A1)(ft)
Note: Award (A1) for correctly labelled axes and window for V , ie
0 ⩽ V ⩽ 200.
Award (A1)(ft) for the correct domain (0 < x < 5). Follow through from part
(b)(ii) if a different domain is shown on graph.
Award (A1) for smooth curve with correct shape.
Award (A1)(ft) for their maximum point indicated (coordinates, cross or dot
etc.) in approximately correct place.
Follow through from parts (e) and (f) only if the maximum on their graph is
different from (2, 144).
= ( ) −0.5 ≤ ≤ 6.5 ′
Let y = f(x), for −0.5 ≤ x ≤ 6.5. The following diagram shows the graph of f ′ ,
the derivative of f .
The graph of f ′ has a local maximum when x = 2, a local minimum when x = 4,

and it crosses the x-axis at the point (5, 0).
23a. Explain why the graph of f has a local minimum when x = 5. [2 marks]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
f ′ (5) = 0 (A1)
valid reasoning including reference to the graph of f ′ R1
eg f ′ changes sign from negative to positive at x = 5, labelled sign chart for
f′
so f has a local minimum at x = 5 AG N0
Note: It must be clear that any description is referring to the graph of f ′ ,

simply giving the conditions for a minimum without relating them to f ′ does
not gain the R1.
METHOD 2
f ′ (5) = 0 A1
valid reasoning referring to second derivative R1
eg f ′′ (5) > 0
so f has a local minimum at x = 5 AG N0
[2 marks]
23b. Find the set of values of x for which the graph of f is concave down. [2 marks]
Markscheme
attempt to find relevant interval (M1)
eg f ′ is decreasing, gradient of f ′ is negative, f ′′ < 0
2 < x < 4 (accept “between 2 and 4”) A1 N2
Notes: If no other working shown, award M1A0 for incorrect inequalities

such as 2 ≤ x ≤ 4, or “from 2 to 4”
[2 marks]
23c. The following diagram shows the shaded regions A, B and C. [5 marks]
The regions are enclosed by the graph of f ′ , the x-axis, the y-axis, and the line
x = 6.
The area of region A is 12, the area of region B is 6.75 and the area of region C is
6.75.
Given that f(0) = 14, find f(6).
Markscheme
METHOD 1 (one integral)
correct application of Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (A1)
6 6
eg ∫0 f ′ (x)dx = f(6) − f(0), f(6) = 14 + ∫0 f ′ (x)dx
attempt to link definite integral with areas (M1)
eg
6 6
∫0 f ′ (x)dx = −12 − 6.75 + 6.75, ∫0 f ′ (x)dx = Area A + Area B + Area C
6
correct value for ∫0 f ′ (x)dx (A1)
6
eg ∫0 f ′ (x)dx = −12
correct working A1
eg f(6) − 14 = −12, f(6) = −12 + f(0)
f(6) = 2 A1 N3
METHOD 2 (more than one integral)
correct application of Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (A1)
2 2
eg ∫0 f ′ (x)dx = f(2) − f(0), f(2) = 14 + ∫0 f ′ (x)
attempt to link definite integrals with areas (M1)
2 5 6
eg ∫0 f ′ (x)dx = 12, ∫2 f ′ (x)dx = −6.75, ∫0 f ′ (x) = 0
correct values for integrals (A1)
2 2
eg ∫0 f ′ (x)dx = −12, ∫5 f ′ (x)dx = 6.75, f(6) − f(2) = 0
one correct intermediate value A1
eg f(2) = 2, f(5) = −4.75
f(6) = 2 A1 N3
[5 marks]
23d. The following diagram shows the shaded regions A, B and C. [6 marks]
The regions are enclosed by the graph of f ′ , the x-axis, the y-axis, and the line
x = 6.
The area of region A is 12, the area of region B is 6.75 and the area of region C is
6.75.
2
Let g(x) = (f(x)) . Given that f ′ (6) = 16, find the equation of the tangent to the
graph of g at the point where x = 6.
Markscheme
correct calculation of g(6) (seen anywhere) A1
eg 22 , g(6) = 4
choosing chain rule or product rule (M1)
dy dy
eg g ′ (f(x)) f ′ (x), d = d × ddu , f(x)f ′ (x) + f ′ (x)f(x)
x u x
correct derivative (A1)
eg g ′ (x) = 2f(x)f ′ (x), f(x)f ′ (x) + f ′ (x)f(x)
correct calculation of g ′ (6) (seen anywhere) A1
eg 2(2)(16), g ′ (6) = 64
attempt to substitute their values of g ′ (6) and g(6) (in any order) into
equation of a line (M1)
eg 22 = (2 × 2 × 16)6 + b, y − 6 = 64(x − 4)
correct equation in any form A1 N2
eg y − 4 = 64(x − 6), y = 64x − 380
[6 marks]
[Total 15 marks]
© International Baccalaureate Organization 2021

International Baccalaureate® - Baccalauréat International® - Bachillerato Internacional®
Printed for SEV IZMIR AMER CLG INST

DIST

Optimisation Part 2 Key

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Optimisation Part 2 Key

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Optimisation Part 2 Key

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

optimisation part 2 [269 marks]

= 1300 (cm2) (1296 (cm2)) (A1)(G2)

1b. Calculate the volume, in cm3, of the bag. [2 marks]

= 3890 (cm3) (3888 (cm3)) (A1)(G2)

The volume of Nanako’s bag is 3888 cm3.

x2y = 1296 (A1)(G2)

(A =) 3x2 + 8xy (A1)(G2)

1f. Find dA . [3 marks]

Note: Award (M1) for equating their ddA to zero.

6x3 = 10368 OR 6x3 − 10368 = 0 OR x3 − 1728 = 0 (M1)

2a. Express h in terms of r. [2 marks]

3a. Find the cost of producing 70 shirts. [2 marks]

3b. Find the value of s. [2 marks]

Note: Award (M1) for sketching correct graph(s).

There is a maximum point at A. The minimum value of f is −13 .

4a. Find the coordinates of A. [2 marks]

4b. For the graph of f , write down the amplitude. [1 mark]

4d. Hence, write f (x) in the form p cos (x + r). [3 marks]

4e. Find the maximum speed of the ball. [3 marks]

f (x) = e2 sin( 2 ) , for x > 0.

5a. Given that xk + 1 = xk + a, find a. [4 marks]

P is the minimum point of the graph of f (x).

Note: Award (A1) for correct window. Axes must be labelled.

7a. Write down the height of the cylinder. [1 mark]

7b. Find the total volume of the trash can. [4 marks]

There is a design constraint such that H + 2r = 110 cm.

8a. Find the initial velocity of P. [2 marks]

8b. Find the maximum speed of P. [3 marks]

8d. Find the acceleration of P when it changes direction. [4 marks]

8e. Find the total distance travelled by P. [3 marks]

Find the x-coordinate of A that gives the maximum area of OABC.

x = −√5 (accept A (−√5, 0)) A2 N3

Note: Award (A1) for x = (a constant) and (A1) for −2.

11b. Write down the value of c. [1 mark]

The y-coordinate of the minimum of the graph is 3.

11c. Find the value of a and of b. [3 marks]

Note: Award (M1) for two of the above equations.

Note: Award at most (M1)(A1)(ft)(A0) if the answers are reversed.

626 (EUR) (626.40) (A1)(ft) (C2)

Note: Follow through from part (a).

12c. Write down an expression for W in terms of p. [1 mark]

(p =) 13.2 (EUR) (A1)(ft) (C2)

Consider the function q (x) = x5 − 10x2 + 15x − 6, x ∈ R.

for x > 1, 20x3 − 20 > 0 ⇒ concave up R1AG

Consider the function f defined by f(x) = x2 − a2 , x ∈ R where a is a positive

A1 for correct shape

A1 for correct shape

A1 for reflecting negative branch from (ii) in the x-axis

14d. Find ∫ f(x) cos xdx. [5 marks]

= (x2 − a2 ) sin x − 2 [−x cos x + ∫ cos xdx] A1

= (x2 − a2 ) sin x + 2xcos − 2 sin x + c A1

= x2 sin x − 2 [−x cos x + ∫ cos xdx] A1

= x2 sin x + 2x cos x − 2 sin x

The function g is defined by g(x) = x√f(x) for |x| > a.

14e. By finding g ′ (x) explain why g is an increasing function. [4 marks]

Let f(x) = ln x and g(x) = 3 + ln( x2 ), for x > 0.

15a. Write down the value of q; [1 mark]

15b. Write down the value of h ; [1 mark]

15c. Write down the value of k. [1 mark]

15d. Find 3.31 [2 marks]