MASTERING CHEMISTRY 1

STUDYROCKS
TARGET X+2-2022
CHEMISTRY
REVISION TEST SERIES TERM I 2021
SOLID STATE
WORK SHEET-1
NUMBER OF PARTICLES IN A UNIT CELL
Prof. Adarsh Bhatti
M.Sc. (Gold Medalist)
I. BASIC /NCERT PROBLEMS
1. A cubic solid is made of two elements P and Q. Atoms Q are at the corners of the cube and P at the body center.
What is the formula of the compound ? What are the coordination number of P and Q ?
CBSE-2013 Ans. PQ.
2. A compound formed by elements A and B has a cubic structure in which A atoms are at the corners of the cube
and B atoms are at the face centres. Derive the formula of the compound. Ans.AB3.
II. JEE MAINS/NEET LEVEL PROBLEMS
3. A compound formed by elements X and Y crystallizes in the cubic structure where Y atoms are at the corners of
the cube and X atoms are at the alternate faces. What is the formula of the compound ?Ans. XY.
4. A compound MpXq has cubic close packing (ccp) arrangement of X. Its unit cell structure is shown below. The
empirical formula of the compound is IIT 2012

a) MX (b) MX2 (c) M2X (d) M5X14

5. In a face centred cubic lattice, atom A occupies the corner positions and atom B occupies the face centre
positions. If one atom of B is missing from one of the face centred points, then calculate formula of the
compound . Ans. A2B5

WORK SHEET-2
PROBLEMS OF CALCULATION OF FORMULA FROM OCCUPANCY OF VOIDS
I. BASIC /NCERT PROBLEMS
6. A solid is made of two elements P and Q. Atoms Q are in CCP arrangement, while atoms P occupy all the
tetrahedral sites. What is the formula of the compound ? Ans. P2Q.
7. In an ionic compound, the anions (N) form cubic close type of packing while the cations (M) occupy one third of
the tetrahedral voids. Deduce the empirical formula of the compound . Ans. M2N3

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 MASTERING CHEMISTRY 2

II. CBSE BOARD PROBLEMS

8. What is the formula of a compound in which the element Y forms hcp lattice and atoms of X occupy 2/3rd of
tetrahedral voids ? CBSE 2015
II. JEE MAINS/NEET LEVEL PROBLEMS
9. In a cubic close packed structure of mixed oxides, the lattice is made up of oxide ions, one-eighth of tetrahedral
voids are occupied by divalent ions (A2+) while one-half of octahedral voids are occupied by trivalent ions (B3+).
What is the formula of the oxide ? Ans. AB2 O4.
10. The number of octahedral void(s) per atom present in a cubic close-packed structure is
(1) 2 (2) 4 (3) 1 (4) 3 AIPMT 2012
11. Calculate the number of atoms in a cubic based unit cell having one atom on each corner and two atoms on each
body diagonal. Ans. 9.

WORK SHEET -3
RELATION SHIP BETWEEN THE NEAREST NEIGHBOUR DISTANCE (d) AND RADIUS OF
ATOM r (r = d/2) AND THE EDGE OF A UNIT CELL (a)
I. BASIC /NCERT PROBLEMS
12. Xenon crystallises in the facecentred cubic lattice and the edge of the unit cell is 620 pm. What is the nearest
neighbour distance and what is the radius of xenon atom ? Ans. 438.5 pm , 219.25 pm
o o
13. For a cubic crystal, the face diagonal is 4.25 A . Calculate its face length. Ans. 3.01 A
14. Iron crystallises in a body centred cubic structure. Calculate the radius of Fe atom if edge length of unit cell is
286 pm. Ans. 123.8 pm.
II. JEE MAINS/NEET LEVEL PROBLEMS
o
15. Sodium metal crystallizes in a body centred cubic lattice with a unit cell edge of 4.29 A . The radius of
sodium atom is approximately: JEE MAINS 2015
o o o o
a) 1.86 A (b) 3.22 A (c) 5.72 A (d) 0.93 A
3 o
Sol. (a) r = a = 1.86 A
4
16. A given metal crystallizes out with a cubic structure having edge length of 361 pm. If there are four metal
atoms in one unit cell, what is the radius of one atom? AIPMT 2015
(1) 40 pm (2) 127pm (3) 80 pm (4) 108pm
Sol. (2) In FCC unit cell (Z = 4)

4r = 2a

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 MASTERING CHEMISTRY 3
2a 1.414 × 361
r= = = 127.25Pm
4 4
17. A metal crystallises in a face centred cubic structure. If the edge length of its unit cell is 'a', the closest approach
between two atoms in metallic crystal will be : IIT-JEE MAINS-2017
a
(1) 2 2a (2) 2a (c) (4) 2a
2
a
Sol. (3) For FCC, 2a = 4R , So, 2R =
2
18. Calculate the packing efficiency of the two-dimensional square unit cell shown below

Ans. 78.54%
19. The unit cube length for LiCl (NaCl) is 5.14 °A. Assuming anion-anion contact. Calculate the ionic radius for
Chloride ion. Ans. 1.81 A
20. Lithium forms body centred cubic structure. The length of the side of its unit cell is 351 pm. Atomic radius of
the lithium will be AIEEE 2012
a) 75 pm (b) 300 pm (c) 240 pm (d) 152 pm
21. A metal crystallizes with a face-centered cubic lattice. The edge of the unit cell is 408 pm. The diameter of the
metal atom is AIPMT 2012
(1) 144 pm (2) 204 pm (3) 288 pm (4) 408 pm

WORK SHEET -4
CALCULATION OF DENSITY OF A CRYSTAL FROM ITS STRUCTURE
I. BASIC /NCERT PROBLEMS
22. Silver forms ccp lattice and X-ray studies of its crystals show that the edge length of its unit cell is 408.6 pm.
Calculate the density of silver (Atomic mass = 107.9 u). Ans.10.5 g cm3
23. Niobium crystallizes in body centered cubic structure. If density is 8.55 g cm-3, calculate atomic radius of
niobium given its atomic mass 93.u Ans. 0.143 nm.
24. The density of KBr is 2.75 g cm-3. The length of edge of the unit cell is 654 pm. Predict the type of cubic lattice
to which unit cell of KBr belongs. (N0 = 6.023 × 1023 mol-1, At. Mass; K = 39, Br = 80) Ans. 4
25. KF has NaCl structure. What is the distance between K+ and F if density of KF is 2.48 g Cm-3 ?
Ans.268.8 pm.
26. Aluminium crystallizes in a cubic close packed structure. Its metallic radius is 125 pm.
a) What is the length of the side of the unit cell ? Ans.354 pm
b) How many unit cells are there in 1.00 cm3 of aluminium ? Ans. 2.25 × 1023.

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 MASTERING CHEMISTRY 4
27. Calculate the number of unit cells in 8.1 g of aluminium if it crystallizes in a face-centred cubic (f.c.c.) structure.
(Atomic mass of Al = 27 g mol-1) CBSE-2017
II. JEE MAINS/NEET LEVEL PROBLEMS
28. A metal crystallises into two cubic phases, face centered cubic (FCC) and body centered cubic (BCC) whose
unit cell lengths are 3.5 and 3.0 Å. Calculate the ratio of densities of FCC and BCC. Ans. 1.259
29. (i)AB crystallises in a rock salt structure with A : B = 1 : 1. The shortest distance between A and B is Y 1/3 nm.
The formula mass of AB is 6.023 Y a.m.u. where Y is an arbitrary constant. Find the density in kg m -3
(ii) If measured density is 20 kg m-3, identify the type of point defect.Ans. 5 kg/m3 Metal excess defect
30. The Pyknometer density of NaCl crystal is 2.165 × 103 Kg m-3 while its X-ray density is 2.178 × 103 kg/m3 cal.
The fraction of unoccupied sites in the crystal. Ans. 5.96 × 10-3
31. CsCl has cubic structure. Its density is 3.99 g cm-3. What is the distance between Cs+ and Cl- ions ? (At. Mass of
Cs = 133) Ans. 357 pm
32. Calcum metal crystallizes in a face-centred cubic lattice with edge length of 0.556 nm. Calculate the density of the
metal if it contains (I) 0.5% Frenkel defects. (ii) 0.2% Schottky defects.
Ans.1.5458 g cm-3,1.5427 g cm-3.
33. CsCl crystallises in body centred cubic lattice. If 'a' is its edge length then which of the following expressions is
correct ? JEE MAINS 2014
3 3a
a) rCs- + rCl - = a (b) rCs- + rCl - = 3a (c) rCs - + rCl - = 3a (d) rCs - + rCl - =
2 2
34. An element with density 10 g cm-3 forms a cubic unit cell with edge length of 3  10-8 cm. What is the nature of
the cubic unit cell if the atomic mass of the element is 91 g mol -1 ? CBSE 2015
35. An element crystallizes in a f.c.c. lattice with cell edge of 400 pm. The density of the element is 7 g cm-3. How
many atoms are present in 280 g of the element ? CBSE 2016
-1
36. An element ‘X’ (At. mass = 40 g mol ) having f.c.c. structure, has unit cell edge length of 400 pm. Calculate the
density of ‘X’ and the number of unit cells in 4 g of’ X’. (NA = 6.022 x 1023 mol-1) CBSE-2018

WORK SHEET -5
RADIUS RATIO & DEFECTS
I. BASIC /NCERT PROBLEMS
37. The radius of Na+ is 95 pm and that of Cl- ion is 181 pm. Predict wheather the co-ordination no. of Na+ is 6 or
4. Ans. 6.
38. If the radius of the bromide ion is 0.182 nm, how large a cation can fit in each of the tetrahedral hole ?
Ans. 7.5 × 10-2 nm
39. Analysis shows that a metal oxide has the empirical formula of M0.96O1.00. Calculate the percentage of M2+ and
M3+ ions in this crystal. Ans. % of M as M2+ = 91.7%, % of M as M3+ = 8.3%
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 MASTERING CHEMISTRY 5
40. Analysis shows that nickel oxide has the formula Ni0.98 O. What fractions of the nickel exist as Ni2+ and Ni3+ ions
? Ans. %age of Ni+2 = 96%, %age of Ni+3 = 4%
41. Analysis shows that iron oxide has the formula Fe0.93 O. What fractions of the iron exist as Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions
?
Ans.%age of Fe+2 = 84.94% %age of Fe+3 ~ 15%
42. If NaCl is doped with 10-3 mol % SrCl2, what is the concentration of cation vacancies ? Ans. 6.02 × 1018 mol-1
43. If Al+3 replaces Na+ at the edge centre of NaCl lattice then calculate the vacancies in 1 mole of NaCl.
Ans. 3.01 × 1023 Vacancies
44. What happens when CdCl2 is doped with AgCl ? CBSE-2017
45. Why do ferrimagnetic substances show better magnetism than antiferromagnetic substances ? CBSE-2017
46. Analysis shows that FeO has a non-stoichiometric composition with formula Fe 0.95O. Give reason.
CBSE-2018
47. Which type of defect’ has the presence of cations in the interstitial sites? JEE MAINS-2018
(1) Frenkel defect (2) Metal deficiency defect (3) Schottky defect (4) Vacancy defect
Sol. (1) Frenkel Defect., In Frenkel defect, cation is dislocated from its normal lattice site to an interstitial site
48. Which of the following is true about the charge acquired by p-type semiconductors ?
a) Positive (b) neutral (c) negative (d) depends on concentration of p impurity
Sol. (b) All p-type semiconductors are neutral. P only indicates that holes move like positive charge, i.e.,
towards cathode.
49. To get an n-type semiconductor from silicon, it should be doped with a substance with
valence……….
a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) 5
Sol. (d)
50. Which of the following point defects are shown by AgBr(s) crystals ?
A) Schottky defect (B) Frenkel defect (C) Metal excess defect (D) Metal deficiency defect
a) (A) and (B) (b) (C) and (D) (c) (A) and (C) (d) (B) and (D)
Sol. (a)
51. Which kind of defects are introduced by doping ?
a) Dislocation defect (b) Schottky defect (c) Frenkel defects (d) Electronic defects
Sol. (d) Doping is done with electron rich or electron deficit impurities. Hence, it introduces electronic defects.
52. Silicon doped with electron-rich impurity forms ……… .
a) P-type semiconductor (b) n-type semiconductor (c) intrinsic semiconductor (d) insulator
Sol. (b)
53. Which of the following defects is also known as dislocation defect ?
a) Frenkel defect (b) Schottky defect (c) Non-stoichiometric defect (d) Simple interstitial defect
Sol. (a) In Frenkel defect, ions are dislocated from lattice sites to occupy interstitial sites.

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 MASTERING CHEMISTRY 6
54. FeO crystallizes in NaCl type of crystal lattice. The crystals, however, are always non stoichiometric
and deficient in iron. Some cation sites are vacant and contain Fe3+ ions but the combination is such
that structures is electrically neutral. The formula approximates to Fe0.95O.
a) What is the ratio of Fe2+ to Fe3+ ions in the solid ?
(a) 17/2 (b) 7/2 (c) 5% (d) 15 %
Sol. (a) Fe95O100, Let these be x, Fe2+ and (95-x) Fe3+ ion.
⇒ 2x + (95 -x)3 = 200
⇒ x = 85
85 17
⇒ Ratio Fe2+/Fe3+= =
10 2
55. The number of carbon atoms per unit cell of the diamond unit cell is
(a) 4 (b) 8 (c) 6 (d) 1
Sol. 11(b) Carbon as diamond crystallises in a face centred cubic structure and possesses four more carbon atoms
that are found to be present in the alternate tetrahedral voids.
Thus, Zeff [number of C-atoms] in diamond
= Zeff in -fcc unit cell + Zeff in alternate tetrahedral voids

56. The number of hexagonal faces that are present in a truncated octahedron is [IIT-JEE-2011]
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 8
Sol. (d) The truncated octahedron is the 14-faced archimedean solid, with 14 total faces :6 squares and 8 regular
hexagons. The truncated octahedron is formed by removing the six right square pyramids one from each point
of a regular octahedron as :

57. KCl crystallizes in the same type of lattice as does NaCl. Given that rNa  / rCl  = 0.55 and rK  / rCl  =

0.74. Calculate the ratio of the side of the unit cell of KCl to that of NaCl.
a) 1.123 (b) 0.891 (c) 1.414 (d) 0.414
3+ 2+
58. The ratio of Fe and Fe ions in Fe0.9 S1.0 is
a) 0.28 (b) 0.5 (c) 2 (d) 4

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 MASTERING CHEMISTRY 7
EXAMPLAR PROBLEMS
59. Which of the following conditions favours the existence of a substance in the solid state ?
a) High temperature (b) Low temperature (c) High thermal energy (d) Weak cohesive forces
Sol. (b)
60. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a crystalline solid ?
a) Definite and characteristic heat of fusion (b) Isotropic nature
c)A regular periodically repeated pattern of arrangement of constituent particles in the entire crystal
d) A true solid
Sol. (b)
61. Which of the following is an amorphous solid ?
a) Graphite (C) (b) Quartz glass (SiO2) (c) Chrome alum (d) Silicon carbide (SiC)
Sol. (b)
62. Which of the following arrangements shows solid ?
Sol. (d) In (d), equal number of electrons are aligned in opposite direction.
63. Which of the following is true about the value of refractive index of quartz glass ?
a) Same in all directions (b) Different in different directions
c) Cannot be measured (d) Always zero
Sol. (a) Quartz glass is amorphous and hence refractive index is same in all direction
64. Which of the following statement is not true about amorphous solids ?
a) On heating they may become crystalline at certain temperature
b) They may become crystalline on keeping for long time.
c) A morphous solids can be moulded by heating
d) They are anisotropic in nature.
Sol. (d)
65. The sharp melting point of crystalline solids is due to ………. .
a) A regular arrangement of constituent particles observed over a short distance in the crystal
lattice.
b) A regular arrangement of constituent particles observed over a long distance in the crystal lattice.
c) Same arrangement of constituent particles in different directions
d) Different arrangement of constituent particles in different directions.
Sol. (b)
66. Iodine molecules are held in the crystals lattice by ……… .
a) London forces (b) dipole-dipole interactions (c) covalent bonds (d) coulombic forces
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 MASTERING CHEMISTRY 8
Sol. (a)
67. Which of the following is a net work solid ?
a) SO2 (Solid) (b) I2 (c) Diamond (d) H2O(Ice)
Sol. (c)
68. Which of the following solids is not an electrical conductor ?
A) Mg(s) (B) TiO(s) (C) I2(s) (D) H2O (s)
a) (A) only (b) (B) only (c) (C) and (D) (d) (B), (C) and (D)
Sol. (c)
69. Which of the following is not the characteristic of ionic solids ?
a) Very low value of electrical conductivity in the molten state
b) Brittle nature (c) Very strong forces of interactions (d) Anisotropic nature.
Sol. (a)
70. Graphite is a good conductor of electricity due to the presence of ………. .
a) Lone pair of electrons (b) free valence electrons (c) cations (d) anions
Sol. (b)
71. Which of the following oxides behaves as conductor or insulator depending upon
temperature ?
a) TiO (b) SiO2 (c) TIO3 (d) MgO
Sol. (c)
72. Which of the following oxides shows electrical properties like metals ?
a) SiO2 (b) MgO (c) SO2(s) (d) CrO2
Sol. (d)
73. The lattice site in a pure crystal cannot be occupied by ……… .
a) Molecule (b) ion (c) electron (d) atom
Sol. (c)
74. Graphite cannot be classified as ……… .
a) Conducting solid (b) network solid (c) covalent solid (d) ionic solid
Sol. (d)
75. Cations are present in the interstitial sites in ……… .
a) Frenkel defect (b) Schottky defect (c) Vacancy defect (d) Metal deficiency defect
Sol. (a)
76. Schottky defect is observed in crystal when ………. .
a) Some cations move from their lattice sites to interstitial sites
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 MASTERING CHEMISTRY 9
b) Equal number of cations and anions are missing from the lattice
c) Some lattice sites are occupied by electrons
d) Some impurity is present in the lattice.
Sol. (b)
77. Which of the following is true about the charge acquired by p-type semiconductors ?
b) Positive (b) neutral (c) negative (d) depends on concentration of p impurity
Sol. (b) All p-type semiconductors are neutral. P only indicates that holes move like positive charge,
i.e., towards cathode.
78. To get an n-type semiconductor from silicon, it should be doped with a substance with
valence………. .
b) 2 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) 5
Sol. (d)
79. The total number of tetrahedral voids in the face centred unit cell is ……….. .
a) 6 (b) 8 (c) 10 (d) 12
Sol. (b) No. of atoms per unit cell in face centred unit cell = 4
 No. of tetrahedral voids = 2 × 4 = 8.
80. Which of the following point defects are shown by AgBr(s) crystals ?
B) Schottky defect (B) Frenkel defect (C) Metal excess defect (D) Metal deficiency defect
b) (A) and (B) (b) (C) and (D) (c) (A) and (C) (d) (B) and (D)
Sol. (a)
81. In which pair most efficient packing is present ?
a) hcp and bcc (b) hcp and ccp (c) bcc and ccp (d) bcc and simple cubic cell
Sol. (b) In hcp and ccp, space occupied = 75% while in bcc, it is 68%
82. The percentage of empty space in a body centred cubic arrangement is …….. .
a) 74 (b) 68 (c) 32 (d) 26
Sol. (c)
83. Which of the following statement is not true about the hexagonal close packing ?
a) The coordination number is 12 (b) It has 74% packing efficiency
c)Tetrahedral voids of the second layer are covered by the spheres of the third layer
d) In this arrangement spheres of the fourth layer are exactly aligned with those of the first layer.
Sol. (d) In hexagonal close packing, arrangement is ABAB ….. type and not ABC ABC …… type.
Hence, (d) is not true.
84. In which of the following structures coordination number for cations and anions in the
packed structure will be same ?
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 MASTERING CHEMISTRY 10
a) Cl- ion from fcc lattice and Na+ ions occupy all octahedral voids of the unit cell
b) Ca2+ ions from fcc lattice and F- ions occupy all the eight tetrahedral voids of the unit cell.
c) O2- ions from fcc lattice and Na+ ions occupy all the eight tetrahedral voids of the unit cell
d) S2- ions from fcc lattice and Zn2+ ions go into alternate tetrahedral void of the unit cell.
Sol. (a) In Na+Cl-, all cations and anions have a coordination number of 6.
85. What is the coordination number in a square close packed structure in two dimensions ?
a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 6
Sol. (c)
86. Which kind of defects are introduced by doping ?
b) Dislocation defect (b) Schottky defect (c) Frenkel defects (d) Electronic defects
Sol. (d) Doping is done with electron rich or electron deficit impurities. Hence, it introduces
electronic defects.
87. Silicon doped with electron-rich impurity forms ……… .
b) P-type semiconductor (b) n-type semiconductor (c) intrinsic semiconductor (d) insulator
Sol. (b)
88. Which of the following statements is not true ?
a) Paramagnetic substances are weakly attracted by magnetic field.
b) Ferromagnetic substances cannot be magnetized permanently
c) The domains in anti ferromagnetic substances are oppositely oriented with respect to each other
d) The fraction of octahedral or tetrahedral voids occupied depends upon the radii of the ions
occupying the voids.
Sol. (b)
89. Which of the following is not true about the ionic solids ?
a) Bigger ions form the close packed structure
b) Smaller ions occupy either the tetrahedral or the octahedral voids depending upon their size
c) Occupation of all the voids is not necessary
d) The fraction of octahedral or tetrahedral voids occupied depnds upon the radii of the ions
occupying the voids.
Sol. (d) Tetradehdral voids are always double than octahedral voids. Hence, (d) is not true.
90. A ferromagnetic substance becomes a permanent magnet when it is placed in a magnetic
field because ……… .
a) All the domains get oriented in the direction or magnetic field
b) All the domains get oriented in the direction opposite to the direction of magnetic field.

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 MASTERING CHEMISTRY 11
c) Domains get oriented randomly (d) domains are not affected by magnetic field.
Sol. (a)
91. The correct order to the packing efficiency in different types of unit cells is ……….. .
a) fcc < bcc < simple cubic (b) fcc > bcc > simple cubic
b) fcc < bcc > simple cubic (d) bcc < fcc > simple cubic
Sol. (b) fcc = 0.74, bcc = 0.68, simple = 0.524. Hence, fcc > bcc > simple.
92. Which of the following defects is also known as dislocation defect ?
b) Frenkel defect (b) Schottky defect (c) Non-stoichiometric defect (d) Simple interstitial
defect
Sol. (a) In Frenkel defect, ions are dislocated from lattice sites to occupy interstitial sites.
93. In the cubic close packing, the unit cell has ………. .
a) 4 tetrahedral voids each of which is shared by four adjacent unit cells.
b) 4 tetrahedra voids within the unit cell
c) 8 tetrahedral voids each of the which is shared by four adjacent unit cells
d) 8 tetrahedral voids within the unit cells.
Sol. (d) ccp = fcc. Hence, answer will be same as that of Q. 21
94. The edge lengths of the unit cells in terms of the radius of spheres consitituting fcc, bcc and
simple cubic unit cell are respectively……. .

4r 4r 4r 4r
a) 2 2r, , 2r (b) , 2 2r, 2r (c) 2r, 2 2r, (d) 2r , ,2 2
3 3 3 3

Sol. (a)
95. Which of the following represents correct order of conductivity in solids ?

a)  metals >>  insulators < semiconductors (b)  metals <<  insulators < semiconductors

c)  metals ; semiconductors >  insulators = zero (d)  metals < semiconductors >  insulators  zero

Sol. (a)

Matching Type
Note : In the following questions match the items given in Column I with the items given in Column II. In
some questions more than one item of Column I and Column II may match.
96. Match the types of defect given in Column I with the statement given in
Column II.

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 MASTERING CHEMISTRY 12
Sol. (i)  (c) (ii)  (a) (iii)  (b)
97. Match the defects given in Column I with the statements in given Column II.

Sol. (i)  (c) (ii)  (a) (iii)  (d) (iv)  (b)

98. Match the type of unit cell given in Column I with the features given in Column H.

Sol.(i)  (b) (ii)  (c), (d) (iii)  (c), (e) (iv)  (a), (d)
99. Match the items given in Column I with the items given in Column II.

Sol. (i)  (d) (ii)  (c) (iii)  (b) (iv)  (a)

100. Match the type of packing given in Column I with the items given in Column II.

Sol. (i)  (c) (ii)  (a) (iii)  (d) (iv) ( b)

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 MASTERING CHEMISTRY 13
Assertion and Reason Type
Note : In the following questions a statement of assertion followed by a statement of reason is given.
Choose the correct answer out of the following choices.
(i) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
(ii) Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct
explanation for assertion.
(iii) Assertion is correct statement but reason is wrong statement.
(iv) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.
101. Assertion : The total number of atoms present m a simple cubic unit cell is one.
Reason : Simple cubic unit cell has atoms at its corners, each of which is shared between eight adjacent unit
cells.
Sol. (i)
102. Assertion : Graphite is a good conductor of electricity however diamond belongs to the category of
insulators.
Reason : Graphite is soft in nature on the other hand diamond is very
hard and brittle.
Sol. (ii)
103. Assertion : Total number of octahedral voids present in unit cell of cubic close packing including the
one that is present at the body centre, is four.
Reason : Besides the body centre there is one octahedral void present at the centre of each of the six faces
of the unit cell and each of which is shared between two adjacent unit cells.
Sol.(iii)
104. Assertion : The packing efficiency is maximum for the fcc structure.
Reason : The coordination number is 12 in fcc structures.
Sol. (ii)
105. Assertion: Semiconductors are solids with conductivities in the intermediate range from 10-6 - 104 ohm-
1 -1
m .
Reason : Intermediate conductivity in semiconductor is due to partially filled valence band.
Sol. (iii)
CASE STUDY
Early crystallographers had trouble solving the structures of inorganic solids using X-ray diffraction because some
of the mathematical tools for analyzing the data had not yet been developed. Once a trial structure was proposed,
it was relatively easy to calculate the diffraction pattern, but it was difficult to go the other way (from the diffraction
pattern to the structure) if nothing was known a priori about the arrangement of atoms in the unit cell. It was
important to develop some guidelines for guessing the coordination numbers and bonding geometries of atoms
in crystals. The first such rules were proposed by Linus Pauling, who considered how one might pack together
oppositely charged spheres of different radii. Pauling proposed from geometric considerations that the quality of
the "fit" depended on the radius ratio of the anion and the cation. If the anion is considered as the packing atom
in the crystal, then the smaller cation fills interstitial sites ("holes"). Cations will find arrangements in which they
can contact the largest number of anions. If the cation can touch all of its nearest neighbour anions then the fit is
good. If the cation is too small for a given site, that coordination number will be unstable and it will prefer a lower
coordination structure. The table below gives the ranges of cation/anion radius ratios that give the best fit for a
given coordination geometry.
STUDYROCKS , 407-GTB NAGAR , JALANDHAR-94176-83454,98141-02308
 MASTERING CHEMISTRY 14

106. The radius of Ag+ ion is 126pm and of I- ion is 216pm. The coordination number of Ag+ ion is:
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 6 (d) 8
107. A solid AB has square planar structure. If the radius of cation A+ is 120pm, calculate the
maximum possible value of anion B-
(a) 240 pm (b) 270 pm (c) 280 pm (d) 290 pm
108. A “good fit” is considered to be one where the cation can touch:
(a)all of its nearest neighbour anions. (b) most of its nearest neighbour anions.
(c)some of its nearest neighbour anions. (d) none of its nearest neighbour anions.

STUDYROCKS , 407-GTB NAGAR , JALANDHAR-94176-83454,98141-02308