CONFIDENTIAL 1 EM/ MAY 2021/MEM603

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

ODL TEST 1

COURSE : OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH

COURSE CODE : MEM603
EXAMINATION : MAY 2021
TIME : 2.30 pm - 4.30 pm (2 HOURS)

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:

1. This question paper consists of THREE (3) questions.

2. All students are required to fill in an Integrity Declaration and Attendance form which can be
accessed at: https://bit.ly/INTEGRITYDeclarationFKMUiTM

3. Please check to make sure that this ODL examination/ test pack consists of:
i) ODL Examination/ Test Front Page Instruction
ii) An Instruction Pack – Guidelines to Download Question, Upload and Submit the
Answer
iii) ODL Examination/ Test Question Pack
iv) *Turnitin class id and enrollment key: xxxxxxxxxxxx

4. Time Allocations for this ODL Exam/ Test are:

5 MINUTES BEFORE starting the examination/ test:

• To read the ODL Examination/ Test Front Page Instruction
• To fill in the Integrity Declaration and Attendance form Given earlier.
• To download/ read the Instruction Pack – Guidelines to
Download Question, Upload and Submit the Answer
• To download/ read the ODL Examination/ Test Question Pack

*2 HOURS to complete the Examination/ Test, AND

AFTER the examination/ test time, Students have maximum of 15 MINUTES:

• To prepare Soft Copy for Answer File(s)
• To upload the Answer File(s) in the Main Submission Platform and Turnitin/ Back Up
Submission Platform

5. Answer ALL questions in English. You should limit length of your answer and allocate your
time approximately as follows:

QUESTION (MARK) [CO] SUGGESTED TIME LENGTH OF ANSWER

Q1 (20MARKS) [CO1] 24 minutes Should not exceed 2 pages
Q2 (40 MARKS) [CO1] 48 minutes Should not exceed 4 pages
Q3 (40 MARKS) [CO1] 48 minutes Should not exceed 4 pages

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6. For Descriptive- based answer, type your answers according to the given instruction using
Microsoft Documents file. The answer should be formatted using font size 12-point Times
New Roman and indented 25 mm/ 1 inch from the left and right margins using single spacing.
Rename your file as your FULL NAME & ID No. Save the answer file in PDF format.

8. Upload the Answer File(s) in the Main Submission platforms: Google Classroom

9. Upload the Answer File(s) in the Turnitin

10. This is an open book examination; you may refer to any available materials you wish. However,
you are not allowed to plagiarize the answer from any available sources

11. You are not allowed to communicate, share and exchange answers with other students

12. Please contact your lecturer if you have any problem to upload the Answer File(s) in the stated
submission platform.

QUESTION
C1/C2 C3/C4 C5/C6
NO
C6
1(a)
[20 marks]
C2
2(a)
[10 marks]
C4
2(b)
[15 marks]
C4
2(c)
[15 marks]
C2
3(a)
[10 marks]
C2
3(b)
[15 marks]
C6
3(c)
[15 marks]

TOTAL 20% 30% 50 %

OVERALL 100%

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

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QUESTION 1

Employers have an obligation to ensure the safety and health of their employees by preventing
their exposure to occupational risks, thus avoiding the occurrence of occupational accidents.
i. Differentiate between hazard and risk. Give an example of each. (4 marks)
ii. Accidents and near misses are occurrences that need to be avoided in the
manufacturing operation at the workplace. Summarize at least 3 reasons for preventing
accidents from occurring. (6 marks)
iii. You own a new business and need to ensure a safe working environment for your
employees and customers in your business premise. Based on your own idea, formulate
5 steps or actions that should be taken. Give an example or explanation for each idea.
(10 marks)
CO1/PO3/C6 (20marks)

Answer

I. Comparison between accident and incident

hazard –The potential to cause harm. Harm including ill health and injury, damage to
property, plant, products or the environment, production losses or increased
- Observable or predicted from knowledge

Risk – Means the likelihood that a specified undesired event will occur due to the realization
of a hazard by, or during work activities or by the products and services created by work
activities.
- Not directly observable - probability of harm to system elements being realized from
exposure to hazards and danger.

II. 3 reasons for preventing accident

a) Moral / Humane – No one comes to work to be injured or killed
b) Cost -Accidents cost organisations money.
c) Legislation -Organisations have a legal obligation.

III. Formulate ideas should or other synonym as followings (1mark for idea, another for
example/explain)
i. •reduce accidents
ii. •Control or eliminate hazards
iii. •Develop new methods & techniques to improve safety
iv. •Maximize returns on safety efforts
v. •Maximize public confidence w.r.t product & service safety

QUESTION 2

a) A Safety and Health Committee at the workplace is compulsory under the Occupational Safety
and Health Act 1994. Discuss what is the required membership structure of this committee, the
number of representatives and how are they appointed.
CO1/PO3/C2 (10 marks)

(1) Membership of committee. (4marks)

A safety and health committee shall consist of –
(a) a chairman;
(b) a secretary;
(c) representatives of employer;

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(d) representatives of employees.

(2) Number of representatives (2marks)

one hundred persons or less require two representatives each from the employees and the
management on the committee.
More than one hundred employees at the place of work, not be less than four representatives
required.

(3) How they are appointed (4marks)

i. manager shall be the chairman of a safety and health committee.
ii. The secretary of the committee shall be the person who is employed as the safety and
health officer at the place of work, or other person in the committee if no OSH officer
iii. An employer shall invite persons employed at the place of work to nominate their
representatives to the safety and health committee; and where the number of persons so
nominated exceeds the number of vacancies available, a ballot shall be held to determine
the representatives.
iv. In the case where no representative or an insufficient number of representative or an
insufficient number of the representatives of the employees are nominated, the employer
shall appoint the required number of persons to represent the employees in compliance
with regulation 5.
v. An employer shall not penalize a member of the committee in any manner for being absent
from his normal duties at work while carrying out the functions of the committee.

b) In Malaysia, the Factories and Machinery Act 1967 and Occupational Safety and Health
Act 1994 are the legislations required to be used simultaneously to handle occupational safety and
health issues. Give 5 comparisons between the two acts in term of objectives, scope and other
related matters.
CO1/PO3/C4 (15 marks)

No Factories and Machinery Act 1967 Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994

An Act to provide for the control of factories The purpose of OSHA 1994 is to promote
with respect to matters relating to the safety, and encourage occupational safety and
1. health and welfare of person therein, the health.
registration and inspection of machinery and
for matters connected therewith.
(1 mark) (1 mark)

Objectives Objectives
a) To prevent the occurrence of a) To secure the safety and health of
disease due to excessive use and persons at work
exposure to lead, asbestos, mineral b) To protect persons at a place of work
dust and noise other than employees
b) Formulation of minimum standard to c) To promote an appropriate and suitable
2.
protect workers from exposure. environment for persons at work
d) To enable previous legislation to be
replaced by regulations and approved
industry codes of practice operating in
combination with the OSH Act 1994
(2 marks)
(2 marks)
3. Scope Scope
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Only covers occupational safety and health Supersedes the FMA 1967 in any conflicts
in the manufacturing, mining, quarrying and
construction industries (23% workforce).
(1 mark)
(1 mark)

Philosophy
General provisions but limited to
manufacturing industry, mining and quarry The responsibility for doing something
and construction. about safety and health lies with those
Do not contains detail provision on specific who create the risks and those who work
matters. Detail provisions are stipulated with it
under regulations •The act emphasizes on:
–Self-regulation; Employers must develop
Schedule 1 a good and orderly OSH management
Defines the dangerous occurrences to system.
machinery that need to be notified –Consultation; where employers and
4. employees must co-operate to take care,
Schedule 2 nurture and to increase the quality of OSH
Describes the types of injury that may be at the workplace.
classified as ‘seriously bad injury’ –Workers / employers cooperation; Where
employers, employees and the
Schedule 3 government must negotiate to settle
The notifiable occupational diseases issues and problems relating to OSH at
the workplace.
–Participation; between employer and
employee

(2.5 marks)
(2.5 marks)
OSHA 1996 is divided into 15 parts

(1 Mark)

Part 1 – Preliminary
Part 2 - Appointment Of Officers
FMA 1967 is divided into 6 parts
Part 3- National Council For Occupational
Safety And Health
(1 Mark)
Part 4 - General Duties Of Employers And
Self-Employed Persons
Part 1 – Preliminary
Part 5 - General Duties Of Designers,
Part 2 - Safety, Health And Welfare
Manufacturers And Suppliers
5 Part 3 - Person In Charge And Certificates Of
Part 6 - General Duties Of Employees
Competency
Part 7 - Safety And Health Organisations
Part 4 - Notification Of Accident, Dangerous
Part 8 - Notification Of Accidents,
Occurence And Dangerous Diseases
Dangerous Occurrence, Occupational
Part 5 - Notice Of Occupation Of Factory,
Poisoning And Occupational Diseases,
And Registration And Use Of Machinery
And Inquiry
Part 6 - General
Part 9 - Prohibition Against Use Of Plant Or
Substance
Part 10 - Industry Codes Of Practice
Part 11 - Enforcement And Investigation
Part 12 - Liability For Offences
Part 13 – Appeals

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Part 14 – Regulations
Part 15 - Miscellaneous

c) Ayamku Food Industry is a poultry processing company. It processes live chickens into chicken
parts and further processed into sausages and nuggets. A boiler is used to support the
manufacturing activities. The company is owned by Mr. Razif and employs more than 100
workers.

i) Does the company need to appoint a safety and health officer? Explain your response. (3
marks)
ii) Determine 4 duties compulsory for Mr. Razif under the Occupational Safety and Health Act
1994. Give clear example/s of each duty. (12 marks)
CO1/PO3/C4 (15 marks)

Yes, because there is a boiler, and the company has more than 100 employees.
i
(3 marks)
Student to formulate relevant duty for an employer referring to the act

(1) It shall be the duty of every employer and every self employed person to
ensure, so far as is practicable, the safety, health and welfare at work of all his
employees.

(2) Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (1), the matters to which the
duty extends include in particular—
(a) the provision and maintenance of plant and systems of work that are, so
far as is practicable, safe and without risks to health;
ii (b) making of arrangements for ensuring, so far as is practicable, safety and
absence of risks to health in connection with the use or operation, handling,
storage and transport of plant and substances;
(c) the provision of such information, instruction, training and supervision
(d) provision and maintenance of the means of access to and egress from it
that are safe and without such risks;
(e) the provision and maintenance of a working environment for his
employees

(1 mark for point, 2 marks for explanation/example)

The examples/ explanation must relate to poultry processing activities

QUESTION 3

a) Indoor air quality refers to air quality within and around buildings and structures which focus
to the health and comfort of the building occupants.
i. Explain briefly the health effects due to the low indoor air quality in the study area
used by students under a long period of online learning activities. Give 4 impacts.
(4 marks)
ii. Industry codes of practice (ICOP) is widely being used for indoor air quality.
Discuss 3 importance of ICOP for a conducive indoor air quality management. (6
marks)
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CO1/PO3/C2 (10 marks)

b) Manual Handling of Materials is a common activity in most workplaces.

i. Compile 5 activities that involve manual handling and give the potential hazards for
each of these activities. (5 marks)
ii. The workstation is an area where work of a particular nature is carried out and
normally involves repeating activities. In your opinion describe the work that are
not considered as workstations. Give 5 clear examples. (10 marks)
CO1/PO3/C5 (15 marks)

c) Violence and stress are new major threats to societies and enterprises. Stress
management need to be implemented in order to enhance safety and health.
i. What criteria would you use to assess stress? Give proper example for your
answer. (5 marks)
ii. A study found that much of the students' stress originates from school and
activities. This chronic stress can lead to academic disengagement and mental
health problems. Propose 5 options for stress relievers with clear explanation/
example. (10 marks)
CO1/PO3/C6 (15 marks)

Answer

a) Any related answer regarding indoor air quality as following:

I. low indoor air quality
i. Legionnaires’ Disease,
ii. lung cancer from radon exposure, and
iii. carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning.
iv. increase allergy and asthma from exposure to indoor pollutants
(particularly those associated with building dampness and mould),
v. colds and others infectious disease that are transmitted through the air
vi. “sick building syndrome” symptoms due to elevated indoor pollutant
levels well as other indoor environmental conditions.

II. the importance of ICOP for well managing good indoor air quality.
i. To provide guidance on improving the indoor air quality (IAQ) and;
ii. To set minimum standard for selected parameters
iii. avoid discomfort and/or
iv. Avoid adverse health effect among employees and other occupants of
an indoor or enclosed environment served by a mechanical ventilating
and air conditioning (MVAC) system including and/or air-cooled split
unit

b) Manual handling is a common activity in most workplaces

I. Potential 5 (five) activities that involves with manual handling and give also
potential hazards for each of activities
i. Lifting
ii. lowering,
iii. pulling,
iv. pushing,
v. carrying,
vi. moving,
vii. holding or restraining

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potential hazards for each of activities

i. musculoskeletal disorders affect the back,
ii. neck,
iii. shoulder,
iv. arms & hands

II. Work that are not considered as workstations

i. Construction work such as wall painting, brick laying, erecting
scaffolds.
ii. Policeman controlling traffic at a road junction.
iii. Oil rig work.
iv. Baggage handlers at the airports.
v. Etc.

c) Violence and stress are new major threats to societies and enterprises.
I. How to assess stress- an open-ended question
i. The physical and emotional response that occurs when the requirements
of the job do not match the capabilities, resources or needs of the
employee.
ii. Some stress, therefore, is normal and necessary. But if stress is intense,
continuous or repeated, if the person is unable to cope or if support is
lacking, then stress becomes a negative phenomenon leading to physical
illness and psychological disorders
iii. Can be assess / recognize at individual or workplace level, examples…

II. stress management

i. Get Enough Sleep. Students, with their packed schedules, are notorious
for missing sleep.
ii. keeping a regular exercise practice throughout your lifetime can help you
live longer and enjoy your life more.
iii. Get Organized. to keep a minimalist, soothing study area that’s free of
distractions and clutter.
iv. Eat a Healthy Diet. your diet can either boost your brainpower or sap you
of mental energy.
v. Use Positive Thinking and Affirmations. train your brain for more
positive self-talk and a brighter future with affirmations and other tools
for optimism.
vi. Open ended question…

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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